ࡱ> rtmnopqq` bjbjqPqP A:: &HHH <9<9<98t9L:NX;X;"z;z;z;Y<Y<Y<FHHHHHH$ծh=`lNMU<Y<NMNMlz;z;AoooNM,8z;z;FoNMFooflz;L; @,<9z^ҡ*: W0nT\TY< cBPoFt'J'Y<Y<Y<llJopY<Y<Y<NMNMNMNMD(<9<9 Chuyn  4 NG LI, QUAN IM CA NG CNG SN, CHNH SCH, PHP LUT CA NH NC VIT NAM V DN TC, TN GIO GN VI QUC PHNG, AN NINH TRONG TNH HNH MI I. MI QUAN H VN  DN TC, TN GIO VI QUC PHNG, AN NINH  VIT NAM HIN NAY 1. Gi vng quc phng va an ninh c vai tr quan trng i vi s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a ni chung, gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio ni ring Quc phng l  cng cuc gi nc ca mt quc gia, gm tng th cc hot ng i ni, i ngoi v qun s, chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho, khoa hc& ca nh nc v nhn dn  phng th t nc, to nn sc mnh ton din, cn i, trong  sc mnh qun s l c trng, nhm gi vng ho bnh, y li, ngn chn cc hot ng gy chin ca k th v sn sng nh thng chin tranh xm lc di mi hnh thc, quy m . Lut Quc phng nm 2005 khng nh: Quc phng l cng cuc gi nc bng sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn tc, trong  sc mnh qun s l c trng, lc lng vi trang nhn dn lm nng ct.  An ninh quc gia l s n nh v pht trin bn vng ca ch  x hi ch ngh)a v Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, s bt kh xm phm c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc . An ninh quc gia mang tnh tng hp ton din, bao hm c an ninh chnh tr; kinh t, x hi; t tng, vn ho; khoa hc, cng ngh; quc phng, i ngoi; an ninh v lnh th, dn c, mi trng v trong cc l)nh vc khc, trong  an ninh chnh tr l ct li xuyn sut, an ninh kinh t lm nn tng. Phm vi hot ng ca quc phong. an ninh rt rng, gm tng th cc hot ng i ni, i ngoi v qun s, chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, khoa hc... Ch th hot ng quc phong, an ninh l ng, Nh nc, nhn dn. Sc mnh ca quc phong, an ninh l sc mnh tng hp, ton din. Sc mnh v lc lng bo v T quc la sc ma#nh t ng h#p quc gia v chinh tri#, t t ng, kinh t, xa h#i, vn hoa, quc phong an ninh, i ngoa#i; trong o sc ma#nh l#c l#ng vu trang la nong ct. Phat huy n#i l#c la chinh, kt h#p sc ma#nh dn t#c vi sc ma#nh thi a#i; kt h#p qun s# vi kinh t, chinh tri# vi ngoa#i giao. Sc ma#nh bn trong t nc, sc ma#nh cu a ch # chinh tri#, s# trung thanh, t#n tu#y va trong sa#ch cu a #i ngu can b#, cng chc va sc ma#nh cu a khi a#i oan kt toan dn t#c la nhn t quyt i#nh. ng nh Cng l)nh xy dng t nc trong thi k qu  ln ch ngh)a x hi (B sung, pht trin nm 2011), ch r:  Tng cng quc phng, gi vng an ninh quc gia, trt t an ton x hi la nhi#m vu# trng yu, thng xuyn cu a a ng, Nh nc v toan dn, trong  Qun i nhn dn v Cng an nhn dn l lc lng nng ct . Trong khi i on kt ton dn , on kt dn tc, on kt gia cc tn gio, gia nhng ngi c tn gio v khng tn gio c v tr quan trng.  Mc tiu, nhim v quc phng, an ninh l bo v vng chc c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc, bo v ng, Nh nc, nhn dn v ch  x hi ch ngh)a, gi vng ha bnh, n nh chnh tr, bo m an ninh quc gia v trt t, an ton x hi; ch ng ngn chn, lm tht bi mi m mu v hnh ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch i vi s nghip cch mng ca nhn dn ta . Quc phng va an ninh lun c v tr chin lc quan trng i vi s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a, trong  c gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio. Quc phng va an ninh to nn sc mnh bo v gi vng ho bnh, n nh, pht trin t nc v mi mt theo nh hng x hi ch ngh)a. Quc phng va an ninh ngay nay, cang co vi# tri quan tro#ng, khng ch  sn sng nh thng chin tranh xm lc, xung t vi trang, m phi nh bi chin lc  din bin hoa binh , ba#o loa#n l#t   ca chu  nghia  quc v cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam. Quc phng va an ninh khng ch c sc mnh qun s#, m cn bao gm c sc mnh phi qun s#; gn cht vi kinh t, i ngoi v cc l)nh vc khc ca i sng x hi. Do , gi vng quc phng, an ninh c vai tr quan trng i vi gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio  Vit Nam. Trong thi gian ti, tnh hnh th gii, khu vc v trong nc c nhng bin ng phc tp, cng i hi phi tng cng quc phng, an ninh ca t nc. Tnh hnh th gii trong thp k u tin ca th k XXI  c nhng bin ng phc tp, lin quan n l)nh vc quc phng v an ninh ca Vit Nam.  Ha bnh, hp tc v pht trin vn l xu th ln, nhng s c nhng din bin phc tp mi, tim n nhiu bt trc kh lng . Nhng cng thng, xung t tn gio, sc tc, ly khai, chin tranh cc b, tranh chp lnh th, bo lon chnh tr, can thip, lt , khng b vn s din ra gay gt. Cc yu t e da an ninh phi truyn thng, ti phm cng ngh cao trong cc l)nh vc ti chnh tin t, in t vin thng, sinh hc, mi trng& cn tip tc gia tng. Cc din th gii a cc ngy cng r hn, xu th dn ch ha trong quan h quc t tip tc pht trin nhng cc nc ln vn s chi phi cc quan h quc t. Cuc u tranh ca nhn dn cc nc trn th gii v ha bnh, c lp dn tc, dn sinh, dn ch v tin b x hi tip tc pht trin. Cuc u tranh dn tc v giai cp vn din bin phc tp. Tnh hnh khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng v ng Nam vn l khu vc pht trin nng ng, nhng cn tn ti nhiu nhn t gy mt n nh: Tranh chp lnh th, bin o ngy cng gay gt. Xut hin cc hnh thc tp hp lc lng v an xen li ch mi. Cc nc ln c s iu chnh chin lc  khu vc chu - Thai Bnh Dng. Vi bn cht phn ng, ch ngh)a  quc tng cng hot ng chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngh)a v phong tro cch mng th gii. Hin nay cc th lc th ch  c nhng iu chnh chin lc: tng cng hot ng v s hin din v qun s#  khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng; li ko, tp hp ng minh trong khu vc nhm kim ch cc i th chin lc; y mnh cc hot ng u tranh phi vi trang nhm chng ph phong tro cch mng v nn c lp dn tc ca cc quc gia trong khu vc. Tnh hnh trong nc, vi nhng thnh tu to ln ca gn 30 nm i mi  to ra cho t nc lc v th, sc mnh tng hp ln hn nhiu so vi trc. Tuy nhin, Ngh quyt i hi ln th XI ca ng nhn nh  Nc ta ng trc nhiu thch thc ln, an xen nhau, tc ng tng hp v din bin phc tp, khng th coi thng thch thc no. Nguy c tt hu xa hn v kinh t so vi nhiu nc trong khu vc v trn th gii vn tn ti. Tnh trng suy thoi v chnh tr, t tng, o c, li sng ca mt b phn khng nh cn b, ng vin gn vi t quan liu, tham nhing, lng ph vn nghim trng, lm gim st nim tin ca nhn dn vo ng, Nh nc. Cc th lc th ch tip tc thc hin m mu  din bin ha bnh , bo lon lt , s dng cc chiu bi  dn ch ,  nhn quyn hng lm thay i ch  chnh tr  nc ta. Trong ni b, nhng biu hin xa ri mc tiu ca chu  nghia xa h#i,  t din bin ,  t chuyn ha c nhng din bin phc tp . Gi vng quc phng, an ninh trc tip gp phn quan trng to iu kin thun li  pht trin kinh t - x hi, nng cao i sng mi mt ca ng bo dn tc thiu s, ng bo tn gio v ca c dn tc Vit Nam; gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi vng dn tc, tn gio v c nc. Bi th, ng ta lun xc nh: tng cng quc phng v an ninh l nhim v trng yu thng xuyn ca ng v Nh nc, ca ton dn v ton qun ta. Thc hin nhim v quc phng, an ninh l trch nhim ca ton dn, trong  ng bo dn tc, tn gio l rt quan trng. 2. Gii quyt tt vn  dn tc, tn gio gp phn quan trng gi vng quc phng, an ninh ca t nc Trong ch ngh)a x hi, gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio va l mc ch, va l ng lc ca cch mng x hi ch ngh)a ni chung, gi vng quc phng an ninh quc gia ni ring. Vn  dn tc, tn gio l vn  chin lc ca cch mng x hi ch ngh)a, gn lin vi vic thc hin s mnh lch s th gii ca giai cp cng nhn. Gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio quan h mt thit, ph thuc, phc v cho vn  giai cp ca giai cp cng nhn, ph hp vi li ch c bn ca nhn dn lao ng v ca cc dn tc, cc tn gio. Mc ch ca vic gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio trong ch ngh)a x hi l xc lp quyn bnh ng, on kt, tn trng nhau gia ng bo cc dn tc, cc tn gio trong quc gia a dn tc, a tn gio v gia cc quc gia dn tc, nhng ngi c tn gio, khng tn gio vi nhau trong quan h quc t trn mi l)nh vc i sng x hi. ng thi, gii quyt vn  dn tc, tn gio to nn ng lc to ln to nn sc mnh ca ton dn tc trong thc hin thng li s mnh lch s ca giai cp cng nhn. VitNaml mt quc gia a dn tc, tn gio. ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio c vai tr quan trng trong cng cuc dng nc v gi nc ni chung, trong chin lc quc phng, an ninh ca quc gia ni ring. Vn  dn tc, tn gio lun l vn  chin lc quan trng ca cch mng Vit Nam. ng ta v Ch tch H Ch Minh lun coi trng, quan tm vn  dn tc, tn gio, coi y l vn  chin lc lu di ca cch mng. S pht trin ca mi quan h dn tc, tn gio l ni dung c bit quan trng ca qu trnh xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. u tranh chng li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio xm phm quc phng an ninh quc gia l nhng vn  sng cn ca dn tc. Gii quyt tt vn  dn tc, tn gio va l mt ni dung ca an ninh quc phng, va to ng lc to ln gi vng, tng cng quc phng an ninh t nc. An ninh, quc phng c ni dung ton din, trong  c xy dng quan h dn tc, tn gio tt p trong quc gia; nng cao i sng mi mt ca ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio. ng thi gii quyt tt vn  dn tc, tn gio s pht huy cao  vai tr ng bo dn tc thiu s, ng bo tn gio trong s nghip quc phng an ninh, bo v T quc. Ch tch H Ch Minh  khng nh vai tr quan trng ca on kt dn tc, on kt tn gio trong s nghip xy dng, bo v T quc Vit Nam. Ngi khng nh: "Lng yu nc v s on kt ca nhn dn l mt lc lng v cng to ln, khng ai thng ni. Nh lc lng y m t tin ta  nh thng qun Nguyn, qun Minh,  gi vng quyn t do, t ch. Nh lc lng y m chng ta  cch mng thnh cng, ginh c c lp. Nh lc lng y m sc khng chin ca ta ngy cng mnh. Nh lc lng y m qun v dn ta quyt chu ng mun ni kh khn thiu thn, i kh, tang tc, quyt mt lng nh tan qun gic cp nc. Nh lc lng y m vi gy tm vng v sng ho mai lc u, chng ta  lin tip thng ch. H Ch Minh khng nh mt chn l: on kt, on kt, i on kt; thnh cng, thnh cng, i thnh cng. H Ch Minh  khi qut sc mnh ca khi i on kt ton dn tc, trong  c on kt tc ngi, on kt tn gio:  Dn ta c mt lng nng nn yu nc.  l mt truyn thng qu bu ca ta. T xa n nay, mi khi T quc b xm lng, th tinh thn y li si ni, n kt thnh mt ln sng v cng mnh m, to ln, n lt qua mi s nguy him, kh khn, n nhn chm tt c li bn nc v li cp nc . Cu B trng Quc phng M Mc Namara, trong Hi k ca mnh,  tha nhn: nc M thua trn  Vit Nam bi nhng sai lm, trong  c sai lm v  nh gi thp sc mnh ca ch ngh)a dn tc thc y mt dn tc u tranh v hy sinh cho l tng v cc gi tr ca n . Nhn vo lch s Vit Nam, H Ch Minh khi qut:  S dy cho ta bi hc ny: Lc no dn ta on kt mun ngi nh mt th nc ta c lp, t do. Tri li, lc no dn ta khng on kt th b nc ngoi xm ln .  Chng n p bc c l v chng n chia r chng ta, v chng ta cha bit on kt . Theo H Ch Minh trong cch mng dn tc, dn ch cn on kt dn tc, trong cch mng x hi ch ngh)a li cng i hi phi on kt ton dn tc tp hp lc lng rng ri hn mi c th thc hin thng li s nghip cch mng. Theo Ngi: "nh  giai cp ch  kh, u tranh xy dng ch ngh)a x hi cn gian kh kh khn hn nhiu". S nghip v) i  ng nhin i hi cng phi pht huy cao  sc mnh i on kt ton dn tc. ng ta xc nh: ng lc ch yu  pht trin t nc l thc hin tt chnh sch cc dn tc, chnh sch tn gio, thc hin bnh ng, on kt, tng tr gip nhau cng pht trin; chm lo i sng vt cht v tinh thn, xo i, gim ngho, m mang dn tr, gi gn, lm giu v pht huy bn sc vn ho, truyn thng tt p ca cc dn tc, cc tn gio. Chng k th, chia r dn tc; chng t tng dn tc ln, dn tc hp hi; chia r tn gio, lng gio... Vn  dn tc, tn gio v on kt dn tc, tn gio lun c v tr chin lc trong s nghip cch mng Vit Nam. i hi X a vn  pht huy sc mnh ton dn tc thnh mt trong bn thnh t ca ch  i hi vi quan im: i on kt ton dn tc trn nn tng lin minh giai cp cng nhn vi giai cp nng dn v i ngi tr thc, di s lnh o ca ng, l ng lc ch yu v l nhn t c ngh)a quyt nh m bo thng li bn vng ca s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc. i hi XI ca ng, ngay trong ch  i hi  xc nh r ng lc ca i on kt ton dn tc, trong  c on kt dn tc, tn gio:  Tip tc nng cao nng lc lnh o v sc chin u ca ng, pht huy sc mnh ton dn tc, y mnh ton din cng cuc i mi, to nn tng  n nm 2020 nc ta c bn tr thnh nc cng nghip theo hng hin i . Nhng nm gn y, ch ngh)a  quc v cc th lc th ch hiu chin ang ro rit thc hin nhng m mu, th on chin lc "din bin ho bnh", bo lon lt , chng li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio, dn ch, nhn quyn  chia r khi i on kt cc dn tc Vit Nam, chia r gia ng, Nh nc, qun i, cng an vi nhn dn, chia r gia ng bo a s vi ng bo cc dn tc thiu s, gia cc tc ngi thiu s vi nhau; gia ngi c tn gio vi ngi khng tn gio v gia cc tn gio vi nhau. Chng tin hnh truyn o tri php lut, tuyn truyn thnh lp cc t chc phn ng; tuyn truyn, xuyn tc ng li, ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc, ph nhn thnh tu cng cuc i mi, ph nhn ch ngh)a x hi trn t nc ta. Th on ca cc th lc th ch c tin hnh trn tt c cc l)nh vc nhm gy ri an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi. Thi gian ti,cc th lc th ch s tip tc hu thun, ti tr cho bn phn ng trong cc tc ngi, cc tn gio chuyn lc lng v hot ng vo vng dn tc thiu s, vng tn gio nhm li ko, khng ch qun chng, tn  cung tn, lc hu  thc hin  chng ph cch mng nc ta. Tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi  cc vng dn tc thiu s, vng tn gio s khng loi tr c th dn n nguy c bo lon chnh tr, cc b  mt s a bn. Quan tm gii quyt ton din cc vn  kinh t - x hi vng dn tc thiu s, vng tn gio, trong  trc ht phi tp trung thc hin tt chnh sch dn tc, tn gio, v hiu ha s li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio ca cc th lc th ch c quan h cht ch vi vic gi vng quc phng, an ninh ca quc gia dn tc Vit Nam Gii quyt tt vn  dn tc, tn gio gp phn quan trng trc tip gi vng s n nh v pht trin bn vng mi mt i sng kinh t - x hi ca cc tc ngi, cc tn gio l nn tng vng chc ca quc phng, an ninh. Tm li, hai vn  dn tc v tn gio VitNamlun l nhn t quan trng c nh hng su sc n chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, x hi, quc phng, an ninh ca t nc. Gii quyt tt vn  dn tc, tn gio s gp phn quan trng tng cng cng c quc phng, an ninh, gi vng an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi, khng  b ng bt ng, khng  bo lon xy ra trong bt k tnh hung no. Vi nhng l do , ng, Nh nc ta lun xc nh vn  dn tc, tn gio l vn  chin lc lu di ca cch mng Vit Nam; c ngh)a c bit quan trng trong cng c, tng cng quc phng an ninh quc gia. II. DN TC V GII QUYT VN  DN TC 1. Mt s vn  chung v dn tc v dn tc Vit Nam a) Khi nim, c trng dn tc Cho n nay, trong ting Vit, thut ng dn tc thng c s dng vi hai ngh)a chnh. Th nht, thut ng dn tc dng  ch cng ng tc ngi (ethnic, ethnie). Theo ngh)a ny, dn tc l mt cng ng ngi hnh thnh v pht trin trong lch s, trn mt lnh th nht nh, c mi lin h tng i bn vng v kinh t, ngn ng, c im sinh hot vn ho v thc t gic dn tc thng qua t nhn tn gi ca dn tc mnh, nh dn tc Thi, dn tc Chm, dn tc C Tu... Trong mi dn tc c th bao gm nhiu nhm a phng c tn gi khc nhau, nhng c c im v ngn ng, vn ha gn gii nhau, nh dn tc Cht c cc nhm a phng: My, Rc, Sch, Arem, M Ling. Dn tc - tc ngi thng c nhn bit qua cc c trng sau: Cc thnh vin trong cng mt dn tc c chung mt phng thc sinh hot kinh t lm c s lin kt cc thnh vin trong dn tc, to nn tng cho dn tc tn ti v pht trin. Cc thnh vin trong cng mt dn tc u c mt ngn ng chung (thng l ting m )  giao tip ni b dn tc v ngn cch, phn bit vi dn tc khc. y l c trng u tin  xc nh dn tc. Tuy nhin khng phi trn th gii c bao nhiu ngn ng l c by nhiu dn tc. Hin nay, trn th gii c trn 6.000 ngn ng, nhng ch c khong 2.000 dn tc. Cc thnh vin trong cng mt dn tc u c chung c im sinh hot vn ho, to nn bn sc vn ho ca dn tc, phn bit vi vn ha cc dn tc khc. Vn ha dn tc thng c phn chia mt cch tng i thnh cc l)nh vc: vn ha sn xut, vn ha bo m i sng, vn ha nhn thc v vn ha x hi. Cc thnh vin trong cng mt dn tc u c chung mt thc t gic dn tc, t tha nhn mnh thuc v mt cng ng dn tc, lun t ho, bo lu gn gi ngn ng, vn ha, lnh th, li ch ca dn tc mnh, c biu hin cao nht  vic t nhn tn gi ca dn tc mnh. Mt dn tc c biu hin  phc hp cc c trng, tiu ch . Trn thc t, c dn tc c  cc c trng trn, nhng c dn tc khng cn  cc c trng, trong trng hp , thc t gic dn tc s l tiu ch nhn bit cn li cui cng ca dn tc. Th hai, thut ng dn tc dng  ch mt cng ng ngi cng sinh sng trong mt quc gia dn tc (Nation). Theo ngh)a ny, dn tc l mt cng ng chnh tr - x hi, c ch o bi mt nh nc, thit lp trn mt lnh th chung, nh: dn tc Trung Hoa, dn tc Vit Nam...  phng Ty, dn tc quc gia ra i gn lin vi s xut hin ca ch ngh)a t bn,  phng ng, do nhu cu cp thit ca vic tr thy, chng ngoi xm v do phng thc sn xut chu quy nh, nn dn tc quc gia ra i sm trc ch ngh)a t bn. Theo ngh)a ny, dn tc c cc c trng sau: C mt lnh th chung, c phn nh bng ng bin gii gia cc quc gia, m trn lnh th  c mt hay nhiu tc ngi cng sinh sng. Hin nay trn th gii c hn 200 quc gia dn tc, trong  ch c khong 10 quc gia mt tc ngi, cn li l cc quc gia a tc ngi. Lnh th l tiu ch, c trng c bn ca quc gia dn tc. Trong lch s v hin nay, khng t xung t gia cc quc gia dn tc c lin quan n vn  bin gii lnh th. C mt i sng kinh t chung, vi mt th trng, mt ng tin chung thng nht lm nn tng, iu kin vt cht c bn bo m s c kt bn cht ca quc gia dn tc. C mt ngn ng giao tip chung trong quc gia dn tc - quc ng. Trong quc gia a tc ngi, ngn ng ca dn tc a s thng c chn lm quc ng, v nh quc ng ca dn tc Vit Nam l ngn ng dn tc Kinh (Vit), quc ng ca dn tc Trung Hoa l ngn ng Hn. Cc tc ngi thiu s thng s dng song ng, a ng trong giao tip: ting m  giao tip trong ni b tc ngi, quc ng  giao tip trong quc gia v ngn ng giao tip trong vng. C tm l chung biu hin  nn vn ha, to nn bn sc vn ha ca quc gia dn tc. y l yu t rt c bn, th hin bn sc vn ha dn tc c ngh)a sng cn i vi cc quc gia dn tc. Vi dn tc Vit Nam, bo v nn vn ho dn tc l mt ni dung quan trng trong nhim v bo v T quc hin nay. C mt th ch chnh tr vi mt nh nc thng nht  qun l, iu hnh mi hot ng ca quc gia dn tc v quan h vi cc quc gia dn tc khc. y l c trng quan trng quy nh bn cht chnh tr v s pht trin ca quc gia dn tc. Trong cc c trng quc gia dn tc, c trng cng ng kinh t, chnh tr - x hi l c trng quan trng nht, c trng chung mt nn vn ho l c trng to nn bn sc dn tc. Nh vy, vi ngh)a th nht, dn tc l mt b phn trong quc gia a dn tc; vi ngh)a th hai, dn tc l ton b nhn dn ca quc gia . Trong chuyn  ny dn tc ch yu c s dng theo ngh)a th nht - tc ngi, c m rng ra ngh)a th hai - quc gia dn tc. b) c im cc dn tc  Vit Nam Trong s nghip dng nc v gi nc v) i, do iu kin t nhin, x hi, lch s chi phi, cc dn tc  Vit Nam  on kt trong sn xut v chin u, to nn nhng c im dn tc qu bu. Vit Nam l quc gia c nhiu dn tc cng sinh sng; cc dn tc on kt, tn trng, gip  nhau trong sut qu trnh dng nc v gi nc. Ngay t tha lp nc, quc gia Vn Lang, u Lc  do c dn ca nhiu tc ngi to nn. Trong qu trnh pht trin quc gia dn tc ta tip nhn thm nhiu tc ngi thin di n sinh sng. Hin nay, nc ta c 54 dn tc cng sinh sng, dn s gia cc dn tc khng u nhau. Dn tc Kinh l dn tc a s, chim khong 87% dn s, cc dn tc thiu s chim khong 13% dn s ca c nc. S dn ca cc dn tc khng ng u: c 4 dn tc c dn s trn 1 triu ngi (Ty, Thi, Khme, Mng); 4 dn tc c s dn t 60 vn n di 1 triu (Hoa, Nng, Dao, Mng); 9 dn tc c dn s t 10 vn n di 60 vn ngi; 19 dn tc c s dn t 10 nghn n 100 nghn ngi; 12 dn tc c dn s t 1 nghn n di 1 vn ngi; 5 dn tc c dn s t 301 n 840 ngi ( u, R Mm, Bru, PuPo, Si La). Cc dn tc  nc ta, khng phn bit a s hay thiu s  gn b lu i, ng cam cng kh trong lao ng sn xut, chin u xy dng v bo v T quc, gp phn bi p nn truyn thng yu nc, anh hng, on kt, cn c, sng to, giu lng nhn i, tn trng gip  ln nhau. Trong lch s dn tc ta khng c cc cuc chin tranh dn tc, chin tranh tn gio. Tri li, trc ha ngoi xm, cc tc ngi khng phn bit min xui, min ngc, a s v thiu s u on kt chin u  ginh v gi c lp dn tc. T khi c ng, c ch  x hi ch ngh)a, cc gi tr truyn thng   c pht huy cao , gip cho dn tc ta ginh c nhng thng li v) i, v vang. Tuy nhin hin nay, quan h dn tc  Vit Nam cing tim n nhng vn  phc tp. S chnh lch v trnh  pht trin kinh t, vn ho, x hi gia cc tc ngi; vn  di dn t do, tranh chp v quyn li gia cc tc ngi; nhng vn  phc tp mi ny sinh trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi; tnh trng quan liu, tham nhing, suy thoi t tng chnh tr, phm cht o c, yu km nng lc qun l x hi ca b my, t chc, cn b cng chc nh nc, ca h thng chnh tr; s thiu hiu bit v hin tng vi phm quyn li, bn sc vn ho, phong tc tp qun... ca mt s cn b, nhn vin nh nc, trong  c c  cp c s trong thc hin chnh sch kinh t, x hi v chnh sch dn tc... cing c th gy nn hu qu tiu cc trong quan h dn tc. Cc dn tc  Vit Nam c tr xen ghp; cc dn tc thiu s ch yu c tr trn cc vng rng ni, bin gii, c v tr quan trng trn mi l)nh vc. Do iu kin t nhin, lch s chi phi, nhiu dn tc di c vo Vit Nam  cc thi im khc nhau, to nn hnh thi c tr xen ghp nhau trong phm vi ca tnh, huyn, x v c cc p, bn, mng. Ngoi dn tc Kh Me, dn tc Chm c tr  cc Nam Trung B, dn tc Hoa c tr  ng bng v thnh ph, cc dn tc thiu s cn li u c tr ch yu trn cc a bn min ni, bin gii, hi o chim 2/3 din tch t lin ca t nc c v tr chin lc quan trng v chnh tr, kinh t, quc phng - an ninh, i ngoi:  H Giang, Cao Bng (trn 90%), hoc Lng Sn, Tuyn Quang, Lo Cai, Sn La, Lai Chu (trn 70%). Hnh thi c tr xen ghp gia cc dn tc c xu hng ngy cng ph bin trn phm vi c nc. Tnh trng c tr xen ghp gia cc dn tc l iu kin thun li c bn  tng cng quan h mi mt gia cc dn tc, xy dng cc cng ng dn tc ngy cng gn b bn vng, cng nhau tin b v pht trin, s ho hp dn tc tng ln, s cch bit v trnh  pht trin tng bc thu hp li. Tuy nhin, nu khng c chnh sch dn tc ng n th cing d dn n gia tng s va chm, xch mch, mu thun gia cc tc ngi. Cc dn tc c trnh  pht trin kinh t - x hi khng u nhau. Trc Cch mng Thng Tm nm 1945, trong khi mt s dn tc sng ch yu da vo sn bt, lm hi, nh dn tc La H, dn tc Cht, th nhiu dn tc  tin sang hot ng kinh t sn xut, vi ngh chnh l trng trt, nng ry, la nc. V ch  x hi, cho n gia th k XX, cn nhiu dn tc thiu s ang trong giai on cui ca x hi nguyn thy; mt s dn tc  c s phn ha giai cp nh: ch  lang o  dn tc Mng, ch  pha to  dn tc Thi, ch  th ty ca dn tc Ty; mt s dn tc  c nh nc hng ngn nm nh: dn tc Kinh, dn tc Chm, dn tc Hoa... Hin nay, qua gn 30 nm i mi, i sng ca ng bo cc dn tc thiu s c nng ln r rt, nhng nhn chung trnh  pht trin kinh t - x hi vng dn tc thiu s vn cn thp, i sng vn cn i ngho, kh khn. V vy, ng ta tip tc xc nh cn phi:  Nghin cu xy dng cc c ch, chnh sch, to chuyn bin r rt trong pht trin kinh t, vn ho, x hi vng dn tc thiu s . Mi dn tc u c ngn ng v sc thi vn ho ring, gp phn to nn nn vn ho Vit Nam m  bn sc dn tc. Cc tc ngi  Vit Nam thng s dng song ng hay a ng. Ting Vit l quc ng, c dng lm phng tin giao tip ca tt c cc dn tc, ting m  ca tng dn tc vn c tn trng. Vn ha sn xut, kin trc, xy dng, vn ho n, mc, phong tc, tp qun, vn hc ngh thut, li sng, ngn ng ca mi dn tc u c nhng nt khc nhau. Cc dn tc u c kho tng vn ho dn gian v cng phong ph v c gi tr ngh thut ln. ng thi, do chung sng trong cng mt iu kin t nhin x hi, cng chung vn mnh dn tc, nn cc dn tc  Vit Nam u c nhng gi tr vn ho tinh thn chung, thng nht nh: tnh on kt, c kt cng ng, li sng thng ngi nh th thng thn, phm cht cn c chu kh, gan d, ding cm, gii chu ng, nhn ngh)a khoan dung, yu chung ho bnh, thc t ho dn tc. 2. Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh v vn  dn tc a) Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin v vn  dn tc - V tr ca vn  dn tc trong ch ngh)a x hi Vn  dn tc l nhng ni dung ny sinh mu thun trong quan h gia cc tc ngi trong ni b quc gia dn tc v gia cc quc gia dn tc vi nhau trong quan h quc t, din ra trn mi l)nh vc i sng x hi tc ng, nh hng xu n mi tc ngi v mi quan h tc ngi, quc gia dn tc i hi cc nh nc phi quan tm gii quyt. Thc cht ca vn  dn tc l mu thun, xung t li ch gia cc dn tc, cc quc gia dn tc, nht l v cc quyn c bn ca cc dn tc: quyn c tn ti vi tnh cch l mt tc ngi, dn tc; quyn c lp ca tc ngi, dn tc; quyn dn tc t quyt, quyn dn tc bnh ng; quyn c lp v kinh t v nhng iu kin  pht trin kinh t lu di, bn vng; quyn gi gn v pht trin ngn ng, vn ha tc ngi, dn tc... Vn  dn tc c v tr chin lc trong cch mng x hi ch ngh)a, gn lin vi vic thc hin s mnh lch s th gii ca giai cp cng nhn. Gii quyt vn  dn tc quan h mt thit vi vn  giai cp ca giai cp cng nhn, ph hp vi li ch c bn ca nhn dn lao ng v ca dn tc; va l mc ch trc mt va l nhim v lu di; va l mc tiu, va l ng lc ca cch mng x hi ch ngh)a. Thc cht gii quyt vn  dn tc trong ch ngh)a x hi l xc lp quyn dn tc c bn to nn nhng quan h cng bng, bnh ng, on kt, tn trng nhau gia cc dn tc trong quc gia a dn tc v gia cc quc gia dn tc vi nhau trong quan h quc t trn mi l)nh vc i sng x hi, nhm thc hin thng li s mnh lch s ca giai cp cng nhn. - Cc nguyn tc c bn gii quyt vn  dn tc trong ch ngh)a x hi V.I.Lnin  xc nh cc nguyn tc c bn gii quyt vn  dn tc trong ch ngh)a x hi l: cc dn tc hon ton bnh ng, cc dn tc c quyn t quyt, lin hip cng nhn cc dn tc. Nguyn tc cc dn tc hon ton bnh ng. Bnh ng l quyn thing ling ca cc dn tc. Cc dn tc d a s hay thiu s, trnh  pht trin kinh t - x hi cao hay thp u c ngh)a v v quyn li ngang nhau, khng mt dn tc no c gi c quyn c li v p bc bc lt dn tc khc. Quyn bnh ng gia cc dn tc phi c php lut bo v v c th hin trong mi l)nh vc ca i sng x hi. Nguyn tc cc dn tc c quyn t quyt. Quyn dn tc t quyt l quyn lm ch ca mi dn tc i vi vn mnh ca dn tc mnh, quyn t quyt nh, la chn ch  chnh tr - x hi v con ng pht trin ca dn tc mnh m khng mt dn tc no khc c quyn can thip. Quyn dn tc t quyt bao gm quyn t quyt nh tch ra thnh lp mt quc gia dn tc c lp v quyn t nguyn lin hip vi cc dn tc khc trn c s bnh ng cng c li. Khi xem xt v gii quyt quyn t quyt ca cc dn tc, phi ng vng trn lp trng ca giai cp cng nhn, m bo li ch dn tc v li ch ca giai cp cng nhn, trnh b k th li dng chia r on kt dn tc. Nguyn tc lin hip, on kt cng nhn cc dn tc. Lin hip cng nhn tt c cc dn tc l iu kin tin quyt thc hin quyn bnh ng v quyn t quyt ca cc dn tc. on kt giai cp cng nhn cc dn tc l on kt lc lng nng ct ca phong tro u tranh cho tin b, ha bnh v pht trin. Lin hip cng nhn tt c cc dn tc l c s vng chc  on kt cc tng lp nhn dn lao ng thuc cc dn tc trong cuc u tranh chng ch ngh)a  quc v c lp dn tc v tin b x hi v v li ch ca chnh giai cp cng nhn. b) T tng H Ch Minh v vn  dn tc T tng v dn tc v gii quyt vn  dn tc ca H Ch Minh c ni dung ton din, phong ph, su sc, khoa hc v cch mng.  l nhng lun im c bn lnh o, ch o nhn dn ta thc hin thng li s nghip gii phng dn tc, bo v c lp dn tc; xy dng quan h tt p gia cc dn tc trong i gia nh cc dn tc Vit Nam v gia dn tc Vit Nam vi cc quc gia dn tc trn th gii. Ni dung c bn ca t tng H Ch Minh v dn tc l: Vn  dn tc, chnh sch dn tc ch c th c thc hin gn lin vi s nghip gii phng dn tc Vit Nam, gii phng giai cp, gii phng con ngi. Trong Cng l)nh thnh lp ng Cng sn Vit Nam, H Ch Minh ch r: nc ta, sau khi lm cch mng t sn dn quyn v cch mng th a s tin hnh i ln ch ngh)a x hi.  thc hin c s nghip cch mng v vang , Ngi ch trng gio dc nng cao thc dn tc, xa b him khch gia cc dn tc, xy dng khi on kt dn tc   ly sc ta gii phng cho ta . Chnh sch dn tc phi thc hin theo nguyn tc: bnh ng, on kt, tng tr gia cc dn tc. Ngi yu cu:  Cc cp b ng phi thi hnh ng chnh sch dn tc, thc hin s bnh ng, on kt, tng tr gia cc dn tc . Nc c lp ri th cc dn tc phi xa b mi him khch, phi on kt, phi gip  nhau  cc dn tc c cuc sng m no, hnh phc. H Ch Minh ni:  ng bo tt c cc dn tc, khng phn bit ln nh, phi thng yu, gip  ln nhau, phi on kt cht ch nh anh em mt nh  cng nhau xy dng T quc chung, xy dng ch ngh)a x hi, lm cho tt c cc dn tc c hnh phc, m no .  thc hin bnh ng, on kt, tng tr gia cc dn tc, H Ch Minh yu cu phi ly khi lin minh cng - nng - tr thc lm nn tng. Thc hin i on kt rng ri lu di; m rng, a dng cc hnh thc tp hp ng bo cc dn tc; cnh gic bi tr cc nguy c chia r dn tc... khc phc t tng dn tc ln, dn tc hp hi, t ti dn tc . Chnh sch dn tc phi pht huy c kh nng vn ln ca cc dn tc, ph hp c th tng dn tc, tng vng min. Mi dn tc u c bn sc vn ha, phong tc tp qun ring, bi vy, chnh sch dn tc phi ch c im . Ngi ni:  Mt tnh c ng bo Thi, ng bo Mo th tuyn truyn hun luyn ng bo Thi khc, ng bo Mo khc, phi c s thay i cho thch hp ; Ni dung, phng php thc hin chnh sch dn tc phi ph hp:  Min ni, t rng ngi tha, tnh hnh vng ny khng ging vng khc... V vy, p dng ch trng vi chnh sch phi tht st vi tnh hnh mi ni, tuyt i ch dp khun, ch my mc, ch nng vi . Chnh sch dn tc c ni dung ton din, tin hnh ng b trn cc l)nh vc i sng x hi: kinh t, chnh tr, vn ha, x hi, quc phng an ninh; pht huy c th mnh ca tng vng min, tng dn tc. H Ch Minh lun c phng php xem xt, gii quyt vn  dn tc khch quan, ton din, lch s, c th, pht trin. Ngi quan tm nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ng bo dn tc thiu s. V kinh t, Ngi quan nim ch ngh)a x hi phi pht trin c cng nghip v nng nghip, nhng  vng dn tc thiu s c li th t - rng nn cn pht trin th mnh  bng cch pht trin lm nghip,  to tin  cng nghip ha, hin i ha vng dn tc thiu s. Quan tm o to, bi dng, pht trin i ngi cn b l con em dn tc thiu s. H Ch Minh khng nh: Vi vng dn tc thiu s, cn b nht l cn b s ti c nam v n cng quan trng. Cho nn Ngi yu cu:  Ch trng o to, bi dng, ct nhc cn b min ni, c nhiu cn b ngi Kinh phi gip  anh em cn b a phng tin b,  anh em t qun l cng vic a phng ch khng phi l bao bin lm thay. Tm li, sau khi tm ra con ng cu nc, H Ch Minh  cng ng Cng sn Vit Nam t chc, lnh o nhn dn u tranh gii phng dn tc, lp nn nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho (8/1945). Khi T quc c c lp, t do, Ngi  cng ton ng lnh o nhn dn pht trin kinh t - x hi Ngi rt quan tm chm sc nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca ng bo cc dn tc thiu s, xy dng, thc hin mi quan h mi, tt p gia cc dn tc, Ngi quan tm xy dng i ngi cn b lm cng tc dn tc, khc phc tn d t tng phn bit, k th dn tc, t tng dn tc ln, dn tc hp hi; ln n, vch trn mi m mu th on li dng vn  dn tc  chia r, ph hoi khi i on kt ca dn tc Vit Nam. 3. Quan im, chnh sch dn tc ca ng, Nh nc ta hin nay v nhim v ca qun i Quan im, chnh sch dn tc ca ng v Nh nc ta l mt h thng cc ch trng, k hoch, gii php ca ng v Nh nc tc ng vo tt c cc l)nh vc i sng ca cc tc ngi, cc vng tc ngi thiu s v c th i vi tng tc ngi ring bit, nhm thc hin quyn bnh ng, on kt, tn trng v gip nhau gia cc tc ngi  cng pht trin. Quan im, chnh sch dn tc l mt b phn ca quan im, chnh sch quc gia nhm pht trin, khai thc tim nng, th mnh, truyn thng ca cc tc ngi v vng ng bo cc tc ngi thiu s trong quan h hu c vi cc vng khc, hng ti pht trin t nc trong tng th. Quan im, chnh sch dn tc c ni dung ton din, kinh t, chnh tr, x hi, quc phng, an ninh, ph hp vi iu kin, hon cnh, truyn thng ca mi a phng, mi tc ngi nhm hng vo gii quyt vn  dn tc. Nh vy, quan im, chnh sch dn tc cn c hiu l nhng quan im, chnh sch khng ch dnh ring cho ng bo mi tc ngi, m l c vi vng tc ngi thiu s sinh sng, trong  c tc ngi a s. Chnh sch dn tc c t trong mi quan h vi chin lc phn b cc ngun lc ca c quc gia; th hin rt m nt mi quan h gia nh nc trung ng v chnh quyn a phng  vng tc ngi thiu s; gia nhng nhim v chung ca quc gia vi s pht trin c th ca tc ngi, gia nhng i hi m bo tnh thng nht ca c nc vi s pht trin a dng ca a phng, quan h gia min ni v min xui, gia thnh th v nng thn. Ni dung quan im, chnh sch dn tc ca ng, Nh nc ta Mt l, vn  dn tc v on kt dn tc l vn  chin lc c bn, lu di, ng thi cing l vn  cp bch hin nay ca cch mng Vit Nam; gii quyt vn  dn tc va l mc tiu va l ng lc ca cch mng Vit Nam. Hai l,  Thc hin chnh sch bnh ng, on kt, tn trng v gip  nhau gia cc dn tc, to mi iu kin  cc dn tc pht trin, gn b mt thit vi s pht trin chung ca cng ng dn tc Vit Nam. Gi gn v pht huy bn sc vn ha, ngn ng, truyn thng tt p ca cc dn tc. Chng t tng k th v chia r dn tc. Cc chnh sch kinh t - x hi phi ph hp vi c th ca cc vng v cc dn tc, nht l cc dn tc thiu s . Mc tiu chnh sch dn tc ca ng v Nh nc ta l tng cng khi i on kt dn tc; pht huy tinh thn cch mng v nng lc sng to ca cc tc ngi trong s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc x hi ch ngh)a. Ba l, pht trin ton din chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho x hi v an ninh - quc phng trn a bn vng dn tc v min ni, gn tng trng kinh t vi gii quyt cc vn  x hi, thc hin chnh sch dn tc; quan tm pht trin, bi dng ngun nhn lc; chm lo xy dng i ngi cn b dn tc thiu s; gi gn v pht huy nhng gi tr, bn sc vn ho truyn thng ca cc dn tc thiu s trong s pht trin chung cc cng ng dn tc Vit Nam thng nht. Bn l, u tin u t pht trin kinh t - x hi cc vng dn tc v min ni; khai thc c hiu qu tim nng, th mnh ca tng vng i i vi bo v bn vng mi trng sinh thi; pht huy ni lc, tinh thn t lc t cng ca ng bo cc dn tc, ng thi tng cng s quan tm h tr ca Trung ng v s tng tr, gip  ca cc a phng trong c nc. Nm l, thc hin chnh sch dn tc l nhim v ca ton ng, ton dn v ton qun, ca cc cp, cc ngnh, ca ton b h thng chnh tr, nhng trc ht l s nghip ca chnh ng bo cc tc ngi nh c  . ng, Nh nc, cc on th chnh tr - x hi, cc t chc kinh t cn xc nh thc thi tt cc ch trng, k hoch, chnh sch kinh t - x hi ph hp, hng dn, gip  cc tc ngi n nh sn xut, nng cao i sng vt cht - tinh thn, gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi. ng bo cc tc ngi on kt gip  nhau xy dng cuc sng mi tt p. ng ta xc nh quan im, chnh sch dn tc nht qun:  Vn  dn tc v on kt dn tc c v tr chin lc lu di trong s nghip cch mng. Cc dn tc trong i gia nh Vit Nam bnh ng, on kt, tn trng v gip  nhau cng tin b; cng nhau thc hin thng li s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc, xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. Pht trin kinh t, chm lo i sng vt cht v tinh thn, xo i gim ngho, nng cao trnh  dn tr, gi gn v pht huy bn sc vn ho, ting ni, ch vit v truyn thng tt p ca cc dn tc. Thc hin tt chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi  min ni, vng su, vng xa, vng bin gii, vng cn c cch mng; lm tt cng tc inh canh, nh c v xy dng vng kinh t mi. Quy hoch, phn b, sp xp li dn c, gn pht trin kinh t vi bo m an ninh, quc phng. Cng c nng cao cht lng h thng chnh tr  c s vng ng bo dn tc thiu s; ng vin, pht huy vai tr ca nhng ngi tiu biu trong cc dn tc. Thc hin chnh sch u tin trong vic o to, bi dng cn b, tr thc l ngi dn tc thiu s. Cn b cng tc vng dn tc thiu s v min ni phi gn gii, hiu phong tc, tp qun, ting ni ca ng bo cc dn tc, lm tt cng tc dn vn. Chng cc biu hin k th, hp hi, chia r dn tc". i hi XI tip tc quan im nht qun :  Thc hin chnh sch bnh ng, on kt, tn trng v gip  nhau gia cc dn tc, to mi iu kin  cc dn tc pht trin, gn b mt thit vi s pht trin chung ca cng ng dn tc Vit Nam. Gi gn v pht huy bn sc vn ha, ngn ng, truyn thng tt p ca cc dn tc. Chng t tng k th v chia r dn tc. Cc chnh sch kinh t - x hi phi ph hp vi c th ca cc vng v cc dn tc, nht l cc dn tc thiu s . Nhng nhim v ch yu v cp bch ca cng tc dn tc trong giai on hin nay: y mnh cng tc xa i, gim ngho, nng cao mc sng ca ng bo dn tc thiu s, trng tm l ng bo  vng cao, vng su, vng xa; trong nhng nm trc mt tp trung tr gip ng bo ngho, cc dn tc c bit kh khn gii quyt ngay nhng vn  bc xc nh: tnh trng thiu lng thc, thiu nc sinh hot, nh  tm b, khng  t liu sn xut, dng c sinh hot ti thiu; gii quyt c bn tnh trng thiu t sn xut, t  v vn  tranh chp t ai  vng ng bo dn tc thiu s. Lm tt cng tc nh canh, nh c v di dn xy dng vng kinh t mi; cng tc quy hoch, sp xp, phn b li hp l dn c, ngun nhn lc theo hng cng nghip ha, hin i ha v pht trin bn vng, gn vi bo m an ninh - quc phng. Tip tc thc hin c hiu qu cc hot ng vn ha, thng tin, tuyn truyn hng v c s; tng thi lng v nng cao cht lng cc chng trnh pht thanh, truyn hnh bng cc ting dn tc thiu s; lm tt cng tc nghin cu, su tm, gi gn v pht huy cc gi tr, truyn thng tt p trong vn ha ca cc dn tc. Thc hin chng trnh ph cp gio dc trung hc c s v cc chng trnh gio dc min ni, nng cao cht lng v hiu qu gio dc, o to, nht l h thng trng ph thng dn tc ni tr cc cp; y mnh vic t chc cc trng mu gio cng lp; m rng vic dy ch dn tc. Tng cng c s khm, cha bnh, cn b y t cho cc x, bn, thn, p; nng cao hn na cht lng cng tc chm sc sc khe cho ng bo dn tc thiu s; khuyn khch trng v s dng cc loi thuc dn gian. Cng c v nng cao cht lng h thng chnh tr c s  cc vng dn tc thiu s. Kin ton, nng cao cht lng i ngi cn b c s; kin quyt khc phc tnh trng quan liu, xa dn ca mt s cn b; thc hin tt cng tc quy hoch, o to, bi dng, s dng, i ng, lun chuyn cn b. y mnh pht trin ng vin trong ng bo dn tc, khc phc tnh trng c s khng c t chc ng v ng vin. Xy dng th trn quc phng ton dn gn vi th trn an ninh nhn dn, pht huy sc mnh ti ch  sn sng v hiu ha mi m mu th on chng ph ca cc th lc th ch; tng cng cng tc m bo an ninh chnh tr v trt t an ton x hi, kin quyt khng  xy ra nhng "im nng" v an ninh, trt t x hi  vng dn tc thiu s. Tip tc xy dng, pht trin cc khu kinh t kt hp quc phng  vng dn tc thiu s, vng bin gii. Thc hin tt chnh sch tn ngng, tn gio  vng dn tc thiu s; kin quyt ngn chn vic li dng tn gio, tn ngng  chia r ph hoi khi i on kt ton dn tc, chng ph s nghip xy dng bo v T quc x hi ch ngh)a ca nc ta. i mi ni dung, phng thc cng tc dn tc ph hp vi yu cu, nhim v trong tnh hnh mi. Thc hin tt quy ch dn ch  c s, to iu kin  nhn dn tch cc, ch ng tham gia xy dng, thc hin v gim st vic thc hin cc chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi, an ninh - quc phng  a phng. Mt s gii php ch yu thc hin chnh sch dn tc: Nng cao nhn thc, trch nhim ca h thng chnh tr, cc cp, cc ngnh v ton th x hi v v tr, nhim v ca cng tc dn tc trong tnh hnh mi. Qun trit v thc hin tt chnh sch dn tc ca ng l nhim v thng xuyn v quan trng ca cc cp y, t chc ng, chnh quyn, Mt trn, on th t Trung ng n a phng. Tuyn truyn, gio dc cc ch trng, chnh sch dn tc ca ng v Nh nc cho mi cn b, ng vin v cho nhn dn. Ph bin su rng cc ch trng, chnh sch pht trin kinh t - x hi vng dn tc v min ni cho ng bo cc dn tc thiu s. Cp y, chnh quyn cc cp xc nh r trch nhim trong vic thc hin ch trng, chnh sch dn tc; thng xuyn kim tra, thanh tra, s kt, tng kt, nh gi tnh hnh v kt qu thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc v cng tc dn tc  cc cp, c bit l  c s. ng vin, khuyn khch gi lng, trng bn, ngi c uy tn v mi ngi dn tham gia kim tra, gim st vic thc hin cc chnh sch, chng trnh, d n theo phng chm  dn bit, dn bn, dn lm, dn kim tra . Tip tc thc hin tt cc chnh sch pht trin kinh t - x hi vng dn tc v min ni; r sot, iu chnh, b sung  hon chnh nhng chnh sch  c v nghin cu ban hnh nhng chnh sch mi,  p ng yu cu pht trin cc vng dn tc v nhim v cng tc dn tc trong giai on mi. Huy ng nhiu ngun lc cho u t, pht trin, gip  vng dn tc v min ni. u tin u t cho xa i, gim ngho, pht trin nhanh kinh t - x hi, gii quyt nhng kh khn bc xc ca ng bo vng dn tc v min ni; trc ht tp trung cho cc vng c bit kh khn. y mnh ng dng tin b khoa hc v cng ngh  vng dn tc v min ni. Thc hin tt cng tc quy hoch, o to, bi dng, s dng cn b l ngi dn tc thiu s cho tng vng, tng dn tc. Trong nhng nm trc mt, cn tng cng lc lng cn b c nng lc, phm cht tt n cng tc  vng dn tc, nht l cc a bn xung yu v chnh tr, an ninh, quc phng; coi trng vic bi dng, o to thanh nin sau khi hon thnh ngh)a v qun s lm ngun cn b b sung cho c s; nghin cu sa i tiu chun tuyn dng, b nhim v cc c ch, chnh sch i ng cn b cng tc  vng dn tc v min ni, nht l nhng cn b cng tc lu nm  min ni, vng cao. Kin ton v chm lo xy dng h thng t chc c quan lm cng tc dn tc t Trung ng n a phng. Tng cng s lng v cht lng i ngi cn b lm cng tc dn tc  lm tt cng tc tham mu cho cp y, chnh quyn a phng trong vic thc hin chnh sch dn tc. Mt s b, ngnh cn t chc b phn v c cn b chuyn trch lm cng tc dn tc. Tng cng cng tc vn ng qun chng trong vic bo m thc hin tt chnh sch dn tc trong giai on cch mng hin nay. Nng cao hn na vai tr ca Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, cc on th nhn dn trong vic tham gia trin khai, thc hin cng tc dn tc, chnh sch dn tc. C chnh sch ng vin, bi dng, hng dn v pht huy vai tr ca nhng ngi c uy tn trong ng bo dn tc trong vic thc hin chnh sch dn tc ca ng v Nh nc  cc a bn dn c vng dn tc v min ni. ng vin ng bo cc dn tc on kt, tch cc hng ng cc cuc vn ng, cc phong tro thi ua yu nc, sng to trong lao ng sn xut, ch ng vn ln thot ngho; xy dng v nhn rng cc in hnh tin tin, tm gng ngi tt, vic tt, cc m hnh sn xut kinh doanh gii; xy dng qu hng t chun nng thn mi. i mi ni dung v phng php cng tc dn vn  vng ng bo dn tc ph hp vi yu cu, nhim v trong tnh hnh mi. Thc hin tt Quy ch dn ch  c s, to iu kin  nhn dn tch cc, ch ng tham gia xy dng, thc hin v gim st vic thc hin cc chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi, an ninh, quc phng  a phng. qun trit phng chm cng tc dn tc: chn thnh, tch cc, thn trng, kin tr, t nh, vng chc; s dng nhiu phng thc ph hp vi c th ca tng dn tc, tng a phng. Qun trit, thc hin tt quan im, chnh sch dn tc s gp phn quan trng gi vng, tng cng quc phng an ninh trong tnh hnh hin nay. Ch ng, kp thi pht hin, khc phc cc hn ch, thiu st, sai phm trong thc hin chnh sch dn tc ca ng, Nh nc. Hin nay, vic thc hin chnh sch dn tc ca ng Nh nc ta trong thi k i mi vn cn nhng hn ch,  l: Nhn chung kinh t  vng ng bo cc dn tc thiu s vn cn chm pht trin. Nhiu ni tp qun canh tc cn lc hu, lng tng trong chuyn dch c cu kinh t. Cht lng sn phm thp, tiu th rt kh khn. Tnh trng du canh, du c, di dn t do vn din bin phc tp. Mt s h thiu t sn xut. Kt cu h tng  mt s vng su, vng xa, vng cn c cch mng ci vn cn thp km. Kinh t lm nghip chuyn bin chm, chnh sch i vi lm nghip cha tht s m bo cho ng bo gn b vi rng. Nhiu ni mi trng sinh thi ang tip tc b suy thoi. T l i ngho  vng ng bo tc ngi thiu s cn cao, i sng vn ha cn nhiu kh khn. Khu vc nng thn min ni, ch yu l ng bo tc ngi thiu s, c nhiu x c bit kh khn. S chnh lch v mc  kinh t gia cc tc ngi cing cn kh ln. Cht lng, hiu qu v gio dc v o to cn thp, vic o to ngh cha c quan tm. Cng tc chm sc sc khe cho ng bo  vng su, vng xa cn nhiu kh khn. Mt s tp qun lc hu, m tn d oan c xu hng pht trin.Mt s truyn thng vn ha tt p ca cc tc ngi ang b mai mt. Mc hng th vn ha ca ng bo cn thp. H thng chnh tr c s  nhiu vng tc ngi thiu s v min ni cn yu; tn gio pht trin khng bnh thng. Trnh , nng lc ca i ngi cn b  vng tc ngi thiu s v min ni nhn chung cn thp so vi mt bng chung ca c nc; trnh  ca cn b  cc x c bit kh khn cn thp hn nhiu. T l ng vin so vi dn s thp. Tn gio  vng dn tc thiu s pht trin khng bnh thng: mt s ni xut hin hin tng truyn o tri php, mt s ni tn  theo cc tn gio tng nhanh khng bnh thng, mt s tn , chc sc tn gio b cc th lc th ch li dng gy ri mt trt t an ninh, chia r khi i on kt dn tc, chng ph cch mng. C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n nhng hn ch, yu km trn: do a bn cc vng dn tc v min ni rng ln, a hnh him tr, chia ct phc tp, thng xuyn chu nh hng ca thin tai, li lt. ng bo dn tc  nhiu vng su, vng xa sng phn tn, i li kh khn, t c hi tip xc vi cc dch v, phc li x hi v nn kinh t th trng. Do nhng vn  lch s  li, kinh t - x hi  nhiu vng dn tc v min ni cn km pht trin, mang nng tnh t cp, t tc, da nhiu vo t nhin; phng thc sn xut, tp qun canh tc cn lc hu. Do nhn thc ca cc cp, cc ngnh v ca nhiu cn b, ng vin v vn  dn tc, chnh sch dn tc, cng tc dn tc cha su sc, cha ton din. Mt s chnh sch dn tc cha c c th ho v vn dng sng to vo hon cnh thc t ca a phng. Vic t chc, ch o thc hin ng li, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc, trong  c chnh sch dn tc  cc vng dn tc v min ni cn yu km, khuyt im. Do i ngi cn b lnh o v qun l  vng dn tc v min ni nhn chung cn thiu v s lng, yu v nng lc t chc, ch o thc hin; cng tc o to, bi dng cn b ngi dn tc thiu s cha c quan tm. Mt b phn cn b ng vin vng dn tc cn c t tng trng ch,  li Nh nc, cha ch ng khi dy v pht huy tt cc ngun lc ca a phng. B my ng v chnh quyn cc cp  mt s a phng cn quan liu, xa dn, cha su st thc t, cha nm bt c tm t, nguyn vng ca ng bo. Mt s ni cn  xy ra tham nhing, tiu cc, vi phm chnh sch dn tc, lm gim lng tin ca ng bo. Trong qun l, iu hnh li bung lng cng tc kim tra, thanh tra,  nhiu sai phm ko di. H thng t chc lm cng tc dn tc t Trung ng n a phng cha hon chnh, thiu ng b, cha c cc cp u quan tm xy dng, kin ton  p ng tt yu cu, nhim v ca cng tc dn tc trong tnh hnh, nhim v mi. Tt c nhng nhng hn ch, thiu st, sai phm trong thc hin chnh sch dn tc phi sm c khc phc  thit thc gp phn nng cao hiu qu, cht lng thc hin chnh sch dn tc ca ng, Nh nc ta hin nay. III. TN GIO V GII QUYT VN  TN GIO 1. Mt s vn  chung v tn gio; tn gio  Vit Nam a) Khi nim, ngun gc, tnh cht tn gio - Khi nim tn gio Tn gio l hin tng x hi phc tp cn nhiu quan nim khc nhau. Theo quan nim mcxt, tn gio l hin tng x hi mang tnh lch s, bao gm thc v lc lng siu nhin, t chc, hot ng tn th lc lng siu nhin, m s tn ti v pht trin ca n l do s phn nh h o hin thc khch quan vo trong u c ca con ngi.  nc ta, v mt qun l nh nc, mt t chc tn gio c cng nhn khi c  cc iu kin sau: L t chc ca nhng ngi c cng tn ngng, c gio l, gio lut, l nghi khng tri vi thun phong, m tc, li ch dn tc; c hin chng, iu l th hin tn ch, mc ch, ng hng hnh o gn b vi dn tc v khng tri vi quy nh ca php lut; c ng k hot ng tn gio v hot ng tn gio n nh; c tr s, t chc v ngi i din hp php; c tn gi khng trng tn t chc tn gio  c c quan c thm quyn cng nhn. - Ngun gc tn gio Ngun gc kinh t - x hi: Do trnh  sn xut thp km, con ngi bt lc trc sc mnh t nhin, sc mnh x hi lm cho h tm n vi thn thnh v hy vng c che ch, cu vt. Trong x hi c giai cp, s p bc, bc lt ca giai cp thng tr i vi nhn dn lao ng l ngun gc tng nng nh hng tiu cc ca tn gio. V.I.Lnin khng nh:  S bt lc ca giai cp b bc lt trong cuc u tranh chng bc lt  ra lng tin vo mt cuc sng tt p hn  th gii bn kia, cing ging ht nh s bt lc ca ngi d man trong cuc u tranh chng thin nhin  ra nim tin vo thn thnh, ma qu, vo nhng php mu . Ngun gc nhn thc: Do s hn ch v nhn thc, s phc tp ca cc hin tng t nhin, x hi, con ngi khng l gii c cc hin tng b n ca th gii khch quan, h  tng tng, v gn cho n sc mnh siu t nhin, to ra cc biu tng tn gio. Ph.ngghen  vit:  S nhn cch ho cc lc lng t nhin lm ny sinh ra nhng v thn u tin . Ngun gc tm l: Nhng trng thi tm l tiu cc nh s s hi, c n, bt hnh, au kh, nht l s hi trc ci cht v ngay c trng thi tm l tnh cm tch cc nh: lng bit n, s knh trng, s hi lng v s ngng m trc v p hng v) ca thin nhin, x hi cing lm ny sinh nhu cu tn gio. Ngoi ra truyn thng, phong tc, tp qun, thi quen cing l nhng nguyn nhn dn n s hnh thnh, tn ti ca tn gio. - Tnh cht ca tn gio Tnh lch s: Tn gio l sn phm ca lch s, ra i, tn ti, bin i v mt i gn vi s vn ng, bin i ca x hi loi ngi. Trong nhng iu kin lch s khc nhau, dn tc khc nhau th hnh thnh quan nim tn gio khc nhau. Tn gio ra i, tn ti, bin i thch nghi vi iu kin lch s c th ca tng dn tc, quc gia, nhn loi. Tnh qun chng: Tn gio phn nh kht vng ca qun chng v mt x hi t do, bnh ng v bc i, l nhu cu tinh thn ca mt b phn ng o qun chng, c ng o qun chng tin theo. Tnh chnh tr: Trong x hi c i khng giai cp, giai cp thng tr s dng tn gio lm cng c n dch m hoc, ru ng ngi lao ng chp nhn s p bc, bc lt ca giai cp thng tr,  l tnh chnh tr ca tn gio. Ngy nay, tn gio  v ang b cc th lc chnh tr phn ng li dng chng ph cch mng, cn cnh gic u tranh chng s li dng tn gio . b) Bn cht, chc nng, vai tr x hi ca tn gio - Bn cht ca tn gio Theo quan nim mcxt, tn gio l mt hin tng x hi, mt hnh thi thc x hi phn nh h o hin thc khch quan bin lc lng t nhin, x hi thnh lc lng siu nhin; l th gii quan ln ngc trong gii quyt mi quan h gia con ngi vi t nhin, x hi. Tn gio phn nh, phn khng s bt lc, b tc ca con ngi trc t nhin v x hi. Xt n cng, tn gio p bc, lm tha ha i sng tinh thn con ngi  nhng mc  khc nhau. Tuy nhin trong tn gio cing hm cha nhng gi tr vn ha o c nht nh. Thng thng, khi mi ra i cc tn gio u phn nh nguyn vng ca qun chng, nhng trong qu trnh tn ti, vn ng v pht trin, tn gio thng l i tng d b cc th lc, giai cp thng tr li dng phc v cho li ch ca chng, chng li li ch ca qun chng. 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Trong i sng x hi, con ngi cn nhiu s kh au, bt lc, yu ui, nn tn gio vn l ch da  an i, khuyn rn bng nhng li gii thch y huyn b v sc mnh, quyn uy cu  ca thng , gp phn to nn s hi lng, tin tng vo cc lc lng siu nhin v cuc sng hnh phc  thin ng; gp phn gii to s s hi, ni bt hnh trong cuc i - mc d  ch l h o. Nh , tn gio c kh nng gim nh s bt hnh trong cuc sng con ngi. ng nh C.Mc ni: tn gio l liu thuc an thn, l hnh phc o tng ca nhn dn. Chc nng th gii quan: Tn gio to cho tn , mt quan nim v th gii, v con ngi nhng th gii quan tn gio l th gii quan ln ngc, v bn thn chng l th gii ln ngc. S phn nh ca tn gio l s phn nh h o v th gii nn  nh hng mi suy ngh), nhn thc, hnh ng ca con ngi, gp phn hnh thnh trong tn  h thng quan nim duy tm v th gii v nhng chun mc gi tr tn gio, h l thuc nht nh vo thn thnh. Chc nng iu chnh: Tn gio c h thng gi tr, chun mc o c tn gio nhm iu chnh suy ngh), hnh vi ng x ca con ngi vi bn thn, vi ngi khc, vi x hi v vi gii t nhin ph hp vi c tin tn gio, trong  c nhng phn gi tr, nhng cing c nhng chun mc, gi tr o c chn chnh, c ngh)a tch cc trong iu chnh hnh vi ca con ngi, cng ng. Chc nng iu chnh ca tn gio c thc hin va t gic, va bt buc, tun theo ni dung  gio l, gio lut, nghi l hnh o. - Vai tr x hi ca tn gio Nu nh chc nng x hi ca tn gio do bn cht, tnh cht ca tn gio quy nh th vai tr x hi ca tn gio khng ch xut pht t bn cht, tnh cht, chc nng  m cn chu s chi phi ca chnh tr, vn ho, o c x hi. Trong x hi c i khng giai cp, vai tr x hi ca tn gio thng b chi phi bi thc chnh tr - giai cp. Cc gio hi ngoi chc nng tn gio cn thc hin nhng chc nng ngoi tn gio nh: thng tr x hi, chin tranh xm lc. Do vy, cn phn bit chc nng x hi ca tn gio vi vai tr x hi ca n. Ty thuc vo s chi phi ca chnh tr, vn ho, o c x hi& m tn gio  trong cc quc gia khc nhau, giai on lch s khc nhau c vai tr x hi tch cc, tiu cc khc nhau. Vai tr tiu cc c tn gio biu hin  s hn ch pht trin t duy duy vt, khoa hc, thi  nhn nhn, khng tch cc, ch ng, sng to trong vic to dng hnh phc tht s ni trn gian; cc sinh hot tn gio rt d b li dng thc hin  chnh tr, hnh ngh m tn d oan, bun thn bn thnh. Vai tr tch cc: Vn ha, o c tn gio cing c nhng ni dung mang tnh nhn vn, khuyn thin, tr c, nn c ni dung  tr thnh gi tr vn ho o c tinh thn ca nhn loi. ng ta tha nhn, khng nh:  Pht huy nhng gi tr vn ha, o c tt p ca cc tn gio; ng vin cc t chc tn gio, chc sc, tn  sng tt i, p o, tham gia ng gp tch cc cho cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc. Tn gio c lc  gp phn c vi cuc u tranh chng li s bt cng, tn bo trong x hi c p bc v bc lt. c) Tnh hnh, c im tn gio Vit Nam Vit Nam l mt quc gia a tn gio; a s ngi Vit Nam c tn ngng tn gio. Tnh n thng 9 nm 2014,  Vit Nam c 13 tn gio vi 38 t chc tn gio c Nh nc cng nhn, cp ng k hot ng. Vit Nam c cc tn gio ngoi nhp, nh Pht gio, Cng gio, Tin Lnh, Hi gio, Blamn gio,... cc tn gio ni sinh, nh Cao i, Pht gio Ha Ho, Bu Sn K Hng, T n Hiu Ngh)a, Tnh  C s) Pht hi Vit Nam,... Vit Nam cn c nhiu tn ngng dn gian vi cc nghi l c sc, phong ph, c ng o ngi dn sng knh, nh tn ngng th Mu, th vua Hng, th c thnh Trn, th cng t tin... Hin nay  nc ta c khong 24 triu tn  tn gio, chim khong 27% dn s c nc. Tn  Pht gio hn 11 triu ngi, Cng gio gn 7 triu ngi, Tin Lnh hn 1 triu ngi, Cao i 2,4 triu ngi, Pht gio Ha Ho 1,5 triu ngi, Tnh  C s) Pht hi Vit Nam hn 1 triu ngi; cn li l tn  cc tn gio khc, chim gn na triu ngi. S lng chc sc, nh tu hnh kh ng, khong 83 nghn ngi. Tn ngng tn gio ca ngi Vit Nam c tnh dung hp, an xen, ha ng cao. Ngi Vit Nam nhn i, khoan dung,  lng nn d dng tip nhn, dung hp cc tn gio th hin in hnh l hin tng tam gio ng nguyn Pht - Nho - Lo, s "ngi chung" ca cc v thn  cc in th, cha, nh, n, miu,  trong gio l v in th ca o Cao i, Pht gio Ho Ho; t tng vn vt hu linh... Nh th m tn , chc sc Vit Nam khng cung tn, h u tin quan tm n cuc sng hin ti nhng cing d lm tng tnh thc dng, m tn, bun thn, bn thnh trong sinh hot tn gio. a s ngi c tn ngng, tn gio l ngi lao ng, trong  ch yu l nng dn. Theo c tn ca Ban Tn gio Chnh ph, trong Pht gio, Cng gio c khong 80 - 85% tn  l nng dn, trong Cao i, Pht gio Ha Ho c 65% tn  l nng dn. y l yu t quan trng phn nh li ch c bn ca h thng nht vi li ch ca giai cp cng nhn, li ch dn tc, l c s khch quan thun li trong on kt dn tc, tp hp lc lng thc hin s nghip cch mng ca ng. Thc t, mc d c tn ngng, tn gio, nhng c bn h l ngi c tinh thn yu nc, c thc gn b cng dn tc, d gn v i theo cch mng. Nhiu tn , chc sc tn gio  tch cc gp phn xng ng cng khi i on kt ton dn trong cc cuc u tranh ginh c lp, t do ca dn tc v trong xy dng t nc, bo v T quc. S nghip cch mng ca ng ta, dn tc ta c phn ng gp ng k ca ng o qun chng c tn ngng tn gio. Tuy nhin, vn cn mt b phn tn  thnh kin, mc cm vi chnh quyn, cha tht tin tng vo s nghip cch mng, thm ch b k xu v cc th lc th ch li dng  chng ph cch mng. c im ny quy nh ni dung c bn ca cng tc tn gio ca ng, Nh nc Vit Nam l cng tc vn ng qun chng, cng tc vi con ngi. Chc sc tn gio, nh tu hnh - nhng ngi hot ng tn gio chuyn nghip kh ng o. Theo s liu ca Ban Tn gio Chnh ph: Pht gio c 35.711 ngi hnh ngh chuyn nghip. Cng gio c 15.108 ngi, trong  c 01 Hng y, 38 gim mc, 3.724 linh mc (2.846 linh mc triu, 664 linh mc dng), 1.920 tu s) nam, 10.337 tu s) n. o Cao i c hn 10.000 chc sc, trong  Cu trng i hn 1.793 ngi, Hip thin i khong 7.534 ngi... Pht gio Ha Ho c 1.567 chc sc, trong  Ban tr s trung ng: 21 ngi, Ban tr s x phng: 1.546 ngi. o Tin lnh c 436 mc s, 306 mc s nhim chc, 458 truyn o, cha tnh nhiu mc s t phong ca cc t chc Tin lnh mi ng k hot ng. o Hi c 695 chc sc, trong  Ixlam c 288 chc sc, Bni 407 chc sc. Chc sc, nh tu hnh cc tn gio l nhng ngi c quyn thing ling; c uy tn v nh hng ln i vi tn  c trong vic o v vic i. i a s chc sc, nh tu hnh cc tn gio  Vit Nam u c tri thc, c nhng tn gio t chc vic o to chc sc rt cn bn. i a s chc sc tn gio tm c s tng ng gia tn gio vi cch mng l tinh thn dn tc v nhn vn, nn h  bit kt hp vic o vi vic i, thc hin   tt i, p o; knh Cha, yu nc  . Tuy nhin, c bit vn cn mt s t chc sc cn thnh kin, thm ch  k, chng ph cch mng. Chc sc, nh tu hnh, chc vic l lc lng quan trng gi mi quan h gia t chc tn gio vi nh nc v l u mi trong qun l nh nc v hot ng tn gio. Trong cng tc tn gio ni chung, cng tc qun l nh nc ni ring, vic tn trng, hp tc, tranh th pht huy vai tr ca cc chc sc, nh tu hnh c ngh)a quan trng. Cc tn gio  Vit Nam c quan h quc t rng ri. Ngi Vit Nam tip nhn, quan h vi nhiu tn gio trn th gii. Cng gio  Vit Nam l "n v" trc thuc ca Gio triu Vatican. o Tin lnh  Vit Nam c quan h rng ri, a dng vi o Tin lnh trn th gii.  l quan h gia cc phi Tin lnh Vit Nam vi h phi Tin lnh gc; quan h gia cc h phi c cng xu hng gio l, lut l, l nghi; quan h thng qua t chc t thin x hi ca o Tin lnh. Pht gio Vit Nam ch yu quan h vi Pht gio khu vc chu , nh vi Pht gio Cmpuchia, Pht gio Lo, Pht gio Trung Quc, Pht gio Thi Lan, Pht gio i Loan... v t chc Pht gio chu v Ha bnh - ABCP; t chc Thn hu Pht t th gii - WFB. Hi gio Vit Nam quan h cht ch vi Hi gio ng Nam , nht l Hi gio Malaixia. ng thi, hin nay Vit Nam c hn 4 triu ngi Vit Nam sng  nc ngoi, trong  c nhiu ngi l tn , chc sc cc tn gio cing gi mi quan h vi cc tn gio  Vit Nam. Tn ngng tn gio  Vit Nam c nhng bin thi mi theo hng th tc ha, thng mi ha. Mt mt, cc tn gio y mnh hot ng x hi t thin, ho nhp vo i sng x hi. Mt khc, cc hot ng tn gio cing b k xu li dng  u c, trc li, thng mi ho kh su sc. Vic bun thn, bn thnh kh ph bin; t "n chn" bt b khch i l, tham quan du lch xy ra thng xuyn. Nhiu ni sinh hot tn gio tn nghim b bin thnh im hnh ngh m tn. Nhiu hin tng tn gio mi xut hin, theo thng k s b, nc ta c hng chc hin tng tn gio mi: o  Siu thot ti Qung Bnh, Qung Tr, H T)nh, o  Trng Thnh Tm ti Lm ng, o "Vng Ch"  tc ngi H'Mng, tc ngi Dao, o  Tam T Thnh hin , o  Bch , o  Trng , o  Ngc Pht H Ch Minh , o  V vi khoa hc huyn b , o  T tin Chnh thng gio ... Phn ln cc hin tng tn gio mi ny l s hn tp ca cc tn gio ci, trong  c nhng hin tng tn gio mi mang tnh phi nhn, phn vn ho, tn  b li dng v tnh cm, tin bc, gy hu qu xu cho ngi tin theo v cho x hi. Tn ngng, tn gio  Vit Nam lun l i tng trong chnh sch li dng ca cc th lc th ch  chng ph s nghip cch mng. Trong lch s, cc th lc th ch u li dng tn gio  xm lc, n dch,  h nc ta, hoc gy mt n nh an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi, phc v cho  en ti ca chng. Hin nay, cc th lc th ch vn li dng tn ngng, tn gio nh mt th vi kh nhm thc hin chin lc  din bin ha bnh , ph hoi cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. Vi chiu bi  t do tn gio ,  nhn quyn , chng xuyn tc, bp mo ng li, chnh sch t do tn ngng, tn gio ca ng v Nh nc ta, m mu to ra lc lng v xy dng ngn c trong tn gio hng lt  Nh nc x hi ch ngh)a  Vit Nam.Vic truyn o tri php  Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn; gy im nng v tn gio, vi phm, xuyn tc chnh sch tn gio ca ng, Nh nc... ca cc th lc th ch l minh chng c th ca s li dng . 2. Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh v vn  tn gio a) Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin v vn  tn gio Trong ch ngh)a x hi, tn gio cn tn ti, nhng  c nhng bin i tch cc: Trong ch ngh)a x hi tn gio cn tn ti bi cc nguyn nhn sau: Ch ngh)a x hi, nht l  thi k qu , tuy  c nhng bin i cn bn v kinh t - x hi, nhng vn cha th no gii quyt trit  cc ngun gc pht sinh, tn ti ca tn gio; s tn ti nhiu thnh phn kinh t vi nhng li ch khc nhau, bt bnh ng v kinh t, chnh tr, vn ha, x hi vn cn. Mt b phn nhn dn vn cn bt lc trc nhng kh khn, bt hnh; nhiu hin tng t nhin, x hi cha l gii c. Tn ngng, tn gio vn cn c kh nng p ng nhu cu vn ha, tinh thn v c ngh)a nht nh v gio dc thc cng ng, o c, phong cch, li sng. Ngoi ra, do nhng yu km trong thc hin chnh sch kinh t - x hi ca cc ng cng sn v nh nc x hi ch ngh)a; s nui dng li dng tn gio ca cc th lc th ch...  l nhng nguyn nhn ch yu cho tn gio tn ti trong ch ngh)a x hi. Trong ch ngh)a x hi, cc tn gio  c nhng bin i tch cc: Cc t chc tn gio, gio hi khng cn l nhng t chc thng tr p bc bc lt qun chng nhn dn lao ng m  tr thnh nhng t chc chuyn chm lo vic o. Cc c quyn, c li ca nh th, gio hi b xo b. Nh th tch khi nh nc, khi trng hc, khng cn l cng c p bc chi phi gio dc. Gio dn, i ngi chc sc tn gio a s h  tin v i theo cch mng, chuyn tm chm lo phn o, gp phn xy dng ch  x hi mi. Gio l, l nghi ca cc tn gio c s thay i  thch nghi ph hp vi ch  x hi mi, tun th php lut ca nh nc x hi ch ngh)a nh so vi i sng mi. Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin v gii quyt vn  tn gio: Gii quyt vn  tn gio trong cch mng x hi ch ngh)a l tng th cc hot ng tch cc, ch ng, c k hoch ca c h thng chnh tr, din ra trn tt c cc l)nh vc, nhm khc phc nh hng tiu cc, pht huy nhng gi tr tch cc ca tn gio, gii phng nhn dn lao ng ra khi s p bc ca tn gio v tinh thn, tp hp, on kt qun chng khng phn bit tn ngng, tn gio gp phn thc hin thng li s mnh lch s ca giai cp cng nhn. Lp trng nht qun ca nhng ngi cng sn, l gii phng nhn dn lao ng ra khi nh hng tiu cc ca tn gio. Xt n cng, tn gio c nh hng tiu cc n i sng tinh thn nhn dn, vi mc tiu cao nht l gii phng con ngi, nn nhng ngi cng sn nht thit phi gii phng qun chng ra khi s p bc tinh thn ca tn gio i vi nhn dn. Gii quyt vn  tn gio trong ch ngh)a x hi phi tun th nhng nguyn tc c bn sau: Mt l, gii quyt vn  tn gio phi gn vi vic ci to x hi ci, xy dng x hi mi. Ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin khng nh, gii quyt vn  tn gio phi gn lin vi gii quyt ngun gc sinh ra tn gio, tc l gn lin vi s nghip cch mng x hi ch ngh)a:  Ph phn thng gii bin thnh ph phn ci trn, ph phn tn gio bin thnh ph phn php quyn, ph phn thn hc bin thnh ph phn chnh tr. Theo , gii quyt vn  tn gio phi s dng tng hp cc gii php trn cc l)nh vc kinh t, chnh tr, vn ha, gio dc, khoa hc - cng ngh. Khng c cc oan coi tn gio l i tng duy nht  ph phn, m coi nh vn  u tranh giai cp, mun tuyn chin, tiu dit tn gio. Khng th dng mnh lnh hnh chnh  xo b tn gio m ch c th gii phng qun chng khi nh hng tiu cc ca tn gio bng cch tng bc gii quyt ngun gc t nhin, ngun gc x hi ca tn gio. Thng xuyn coi trng th gii quan duy vt, php bin chng, ng li, chnh sch ca ng cng sn v nh nc x hi ch ngh)a mt cch ph hp. Hai l, tn trng v bo m quyn t do tn ngng, tn gio v khng tn ngng, tn gio ca cng dn, kin quyt bi tr m tn d oan. y l quan im c bn c tnh nguyn tc trong gii quyt vn  tn gio.  chnh l tn trng quyn bnh ng ca mi cng dn, khng nh quyn li, ngh)a v ca cng dn trc php lut. Trong ch ngh)a x hi, mi cng dn u c th theo hoc khng theo tn gio, khng ai c th bt buc cng dn t b tn gio m h ang theo v cing khng c li ko cng dn theo tn gio no . Mi cng dn c quyn theo o, i o, b o ty theo thch ca h m khng ai c ngn cn. Tn trng phi i lin vi khng ngng to iu kin cho qun chng tin b mi mt, bi tr m tn d oan. Khng v l do tn trng tn ngng m  qun chng ngho i, dt nt, n l thn quyn, gio l kht khe. Ba l, thc hin on kt ng bo gia cc tn gio, on kt gia ngi theo tn gio v khng theo tn gio. Quan im ny th hin chnh sch i on kt ton dn, khng phn bit tn ngng tn gio, nhm tp hp c mi lc lng  thc hin s nghip cch mng x hi ch ngh)a. on kt ng bo gia cc tn gio, khng phn bit chia r, k th cc tn gio. on kt gia ngi c tn gio v khng tn gio. Pht huy tinh thn yu nc ca nhng chc sc tin b trong cc tn gio  h lm tt vic o, vic i, hng dn tn  chp hnh ng chnh sch, php lut ca nh nc x hi ch ngh)a. Kin quyt vch trn v trng tr kp thi nhng phn t li dng tn gio  hot ng chng ph cch mng, gy chia r trong ni b nhn dn, xuyn tc ng li chnh sch ca ng v nh nc x hi ch ngh)a. Bn l, phn bit r mt t tng (tn ngng) v chnh tr trong gii quyt vn  tn gio. Mt t tng v mt chnh tr ca tn gio l hai loi mu thun khc nhau, phi c thi  gii quyt khc nhau. Mt t tng th hin s tn ngng trong tn gio ca qun chng. Khc phc mt t tng l nhim v thng xuyn, lu di gn vi qu trnh xy dng ch ngh)a x hi, nng cao i sng vt cht tinh thn ca nhn dn. u tranh loi b yu t chnh tr phn ng trong tn gio l nhim v quan trng thng xuyn phi c tin hnh kin quyt, dt khot, ng thi phi thn trng, t m. iu ny i hi khi xem xt, gii quyt vn  tn gio phi bnh t)nh, thn trng, nghin cu k) thc cht ca vn   gii quyt chnh xc, t hiu qu cao. Nm l, phi c quan im lch s c th khi gii quyt vn  tn gio. Tn gio c tnh lch s,  cc thi k lch s khc nhau, vai tr lch s ca tn gio n i sng x hi khc nhau, thi  ca gio hi, chc sc, tn  c khc nhau. Do , xem xt gii quyt vn  tn gio phi qun trit quan im khch quan, ton din, lch s c th pht trin. Tuyt i khng c mc cm, nh kin ch quan trong xem xt gii quyt vn  tn gio. b) T tng H Ch Minh v vn  tn gio Vn dng trung thnh, sng to quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, nm vng tnh hnh c im tn gio Vit Nam, Ch tch H Ch Minh   li t tng, chnh sch gii quyt vn  tn gio c sc, hiu qu, th hin trn nhng ni dung chnh sau y: on kt lng gio, ho hp dn tc Quan im on kt ca H Ch Minh l quan im bao trm ln tt c, v s nghip gii phng dn tc, v li ch ca nhn dn. on kt lng gio v nhng ngi c tn ngng, tn gio vi nhng ngi khng theo tn ngng, tn gio, gia nhng ngi theo tn gio khc nhau l mt b phn ca i on kt dn tc ni chung, xut pht t mc tiu c lp dn tc v l tng cao c gii phng giai cp, gii phng x hi ca ngi cng sn. H Ch Minh ch ra mun on kt nhng ngi c tn ngng tn gio khc nhau v vi nhng ngi khng theo tn ngng tn gio, phi t li ch dn tc, li ch ton dn ln trn ht, ng thi quan tm n i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca ng bo c o. Phi phn bit c nhu cu tn ngng chn chnh ca ng bo c o vi vic li dng tn ngng v li ch cc b, v k; phn bit c tin chn chnh ca qun chng vi vic cc phn t phn ng li dng tn gio  chng ph cch mng. Phi ch k tha nhng gi tr nhn bn ca tn gio, trn trng nhng ngi sng lp cc tn gio, v cc ng u c im chung l mong mun gii phng con ngi. Vi nhng ngi lm ng lc li, Ngi kin tr thuyt phc, cm ho vi thi  khoan dung  lng: ''mong nhng ng bo  mau mau gic ng v quay v vi khng chin  phng s Cha, phng s T quc''. Tn trng v bo m quyn t do tn ngng ca nhn dn Ch tch H Ch Minh lun khng nh t tng nht qun, lu di ca ng, Nh nc ta l tn trng quyn t do tn ngng ca nhn dn. Theo Ngi, y l mt quyn c bn ca con ngi. S tn trng y khng ch th hin trn vn bn li ni m m quan trng hn l bng hnh ng thc tin thit thc. ng thi, cnh gic nghim tr nhng k li dng tn ngng tn gio, hnh ngh m tin d oan, nhng vic lm sai ch trng, chnh sch tn gio ca ng v Nh nc. Gii quyt tt mi quan h gia tn gio v dn tc; tp hp, on kt ng bo tn gio thc hin nhim v cch mng Theo H Ch Minh ch ngh)a x hi khng mu thun vi l tng ca tn gio, m cn hin thc ho l tng . Ch c cch mng mi thc s m bo cho ng bo t do tn ngng thc hin "tt i, p o" nh kht vng thing ling ca ng bo cc tn gio. Theo H Ch Minh: Nc c lp tn gio mi c t do. Bi vy, Ngi yu cu tn  "Knh Cha v yu nc" phi kt hp vi nhau; "tt i, p o phi i lin vi nhau, khng th phn chia. Tt i l to c s vt cht, x hi  p o. Mun p o cn phi i theo cch mng xy dng cuc sng mi. y l yu cu cn phi c i vi mi tn  Vit Nam chn chnh, yu nc. Ngi quan tm su sc li ch ca gio dn. Theo H Ch Minh: ng bo cc tn gio theo cch mng m ng, Nh nc khng quan tm n li ch thit thn ca ng bo  phn xc m no, phn hn thong dong th khng th on kt c. "Ta quan tm qun chng th qun chng s theo ta. Ta c lng dn th khng s g c... Nu gio dc tt th gio dn c th u tranh... sng theo ng, cht theo Cha". Ch trng xy dng i ngi cn b lm cng tc tn gio v lc lng ct cn trong cc tn gio Cn b l gc ca mi cng vic. Cng tc tn gio phi cn c cn b gii. Do , phi o to cn b hiu bit cng tc tn gio. Ngi yu cu cn b phi tn trng v bo m t do tn ngng tn gio, khng thnh kin, hp hi, khng xc phm tn ngng, khng mc bnh dng l lun khng ng lc, hay ao to ba ln no khch quan, ch quan no tch cc, tiu cc, no khoa hc ho, g g ho m tt nht l ming ni, tay lm lm gng cho ngi khc bt chc. Phng php gio dc phi thn trng, kin tr, gn gii vi ng bo; vi phng chm ly ci tt m b dn ci xu, dn dn ni cho ngi ta hiu,  ngi ta vui lng lm, ch khng c quyn p ngi ta. Ngi quan tm thu phc, cm ho, bi dng cc chc sc, tn  tn gio theo cch mng. 3. Quan im ch o, nguyn tc v chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc i vi tn gio, nhim v cng tc tn gio hin nay Quan im nht qun ca ng ta khng nh:  Tip tc hon thin chnh sch, php lut v tn ngng, tn gio ph hp vi quan im ca ng. Pht huy nhng gi tr vn ha, o c tt p ca cc tn gio; ng vin cc t chc tn gio, chc sc, tn  sng tt i, p o, tham gia ng gp tch cc cho cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc. Quan tm v to iu kin cho cc t chc tn gio sinh hot theo hin chng, iu l ca t chc tn gio  c Nh nc cng nhn, ng quy nh ca php lut. ng thi, ch ng phng nga, kin quyt u tranh vi nhng hnh vi li dng tn ngng, tn gio  m hoc, chia r, ph hoi khi i on kt dn tc . a) Quan im ch o cng tc tn gio Cng tc tn gio va phi quan tm gii quyt li ch, nhu cu tn ngng ca qun chng, va kp thi u tranh chng ch li dng tn gio  chng ph cch mng. Tn ngng, tn gio l nhu cu tinh thn ca mt b phn nhn dn, ang v s tn ti lu di cng dn tc trong qu trnh xy dng ch ngh)a x hi  nc ta. ng, Nh nc ta thc hin nht qun chnh sch tn trng v bo m quyn t do tn ngng, theo hoc khng theo mt tn gio no, quyn sinh hot tn gio bnh thng theo php lut. Cc tn gio hot ng trong khun kh php lut, bnh ng trc php lut. Nghim cm s phn bit i x vi cng dn v l do tn ngng, tn gio. Mt khc, tn gio thng b cc th lc th ch li dng  chng ph cch mng. Cho nn ng, Nh nc ta nghim cm li dng tn gio  hot ng m tn d oan, hot ng tri php lut v chnh sch ca Nh nc, kch ng chia r nhn dn, chia r cc dn tc, gy di, xm phm an ninh quc gia. Ni dung ct li ca cng tc tn gio l cng tc vn ng qun chng. i a s tn  tn gio l qun chng nhn dn lao ng c tinh thn yu nc, ng gp xng ng vo s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc, do  cng tc tn gio thc cht l cng tc vn ng qun chng. Cng tc vn ng qun chng cc tn gio phi ng vin ng bo nu cao tinh thn yu nc, thc bo v c lp v thng nht T quc, thng qua vic thc hin cc chnh sch kinh t - x hi, quc phng, an ninh, bo m li ch vt cht, tinh thn ca nhn dn ni chung, trong  c ng bo tn gio. Cng tc qun l Nh nc i vi cc tn gio v u tranh chng li dng tn gio  chng ph ch  ch thnh cng nu lm tt cng tc vn ng qun chng. Cng tc tn gio l trch nhim ca c h thng chnh tr. Cng tc tn gio bao gm nhiu hot ng: nghin cu l lun thc tin tn gio; vn ng tn , chc sc tn gio; qun l nh nc i vi tn  tn gio. V vy, cng tc tn gio l trch nhim ca c h thng chnh tr do ng lnh o. T chc b my v i ngi cn b chuyn trch lm cng tc tn gio c trch nhim trc tip, cn c cng c kin ton. Mi tn  u c quyn t do hnh o ti gia nh v c s th t theo quy nh ca php lut i vi cc t chc tn gio: c tn ch, mc ch, ng hng hnh o, c cu t chc ph hp vi php lut c Th tng Chnh ph cho php hot ng; nu hot ng tri iu Th tng Chnh ph cho php th b nh ch v x l theo php lut. i vi tn : sng tt i, p o tn trng quyn v ngh)a v cng dn, chp hnh php lut, c bo m sinh hot tn gio bnh thng. i vi chc sc cc nh tu hnh: c hot ng tn gio trong phm vi php lut quy nh, chc sc, vi phm php lut u b x l theo php lut. C s th t ca cc t chc tn gio: l s hu chung ca cng ng tn , vic dng bia, dng tng, sa cha, xy dng c s th t phi c php ca cp c thm quyn v ch c tin hnh trong khun vin ni th t, bng ngun ti chnh hp php. Vic in n, xut bn, pht hnh: kinh sch, cc n phm tn gio phi theo ng quy nh ca php lut v qun l, in, n cc n phm tn gio. Hot ng i ngoi ca tn gio: phi tun th ng ng li, php lut chung v i ngoi ca ng v Nh nc. Mi hnh vi v hot ng li dng tn gio chng li cch mng Vit Nam, vi phm c lp ch quyn ca T quc, gy tn hi n s nghip i on kt ton dn u b x l theo php lut. b) Nguyn tc gii quyt vn  tn gio Tn trng v bo m quyn t do tn ngng tn gio v t do khng tn ngng tn gio ca cng dn. Mi cng dn u bnh ng v ngh)a v v quyn li trc php lut, khng phn bit ngi theo o v khng theo o, cing nh gia cc tn gio khc nhau. on kt gn b ng bo theo cc tn gio v khng theo tn gio trong khi i on kt ton dn. Mi c nhn v t chc hot ng tn ngng tn gio phi tun th Hin php v php lut; c ngh)a v bo v li ch ca T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a; gi gn c lp dn tc v ch quyn quc gia. Nhng hot ng tn gio ch nc, li dn, ph hp nguyn vng v li ch chnh ng, hp php ca tn  c bo m. Nhng gi tr vn ho, o c tt p ca tn gio c tn trng v khuyn khch pht huy. Mi hnh vi li dng hot ng tn gio  lm mt trt t an ton x hi, phng hi nn c lp dn tc, ph hoi chnh sch on kt ton dn, chng ph cch mng, gy tn hi cc gi tr o c, li sng, vn ho ca dn tc, ngn cn tn , chc sc cc tn gio thc hin ngh)a v cng dn, u b x l theo php lut. u tranh ngn chn hot ng m tn d oan. Cc cp u ng, chnh quyn, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc on th, cc t chc x hi v cc t chc tn gio c trch nhim lm tt cng tc vn ng qun chng v thc hin tt chnh sch tn gio ca ng v Nh nc. Mc ch thc hin cc nguyn tc v chnh sch tn gio trn l nhm ng vin ng bo tn gio cng ton dn pht huy truyn thng yu nc, thc hin tt i, p o trong s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc theo mc tiu: dn giu, nc mnh, dn ch, cng bng v vn minh. c) Nhim v cng tc tn gio Thc hin c hiu qu ch trng, chnh sch v cc chng trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi, nng cao i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca nhn dn, trong  c ng bo cc tn gio, nhm nng cao i sng vt cht ca ng bo. y l nhim v quan trng ca cng tc tn gio,  ng bo tn gio tin vo ng li chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc, thc hin ng hng hnh o tt i, p o. To iu kin cho cc tn gio hot ng bnh thng theo ng chnh sch v php lut ca Nh nc. Tng cng cng tc qun l nh nc v tn gio, a cc tn gio hot ng bnh thng theo ng chnh sch v php lut l nhm bo v quyn t do tn ngng, ng thi thc hin tt s bo tr ca Nh nc i vi cc hot ng tn gio hp php, ng lut, ngn chn nhng hnh ng li dng tn gio vi phm php lut, chng li s qun l ca Nh nc, chng ch  x hi ch ngh)a. y mnh phong tro thi ua yu nc, xy dng cuc sng tt i, p o trong qun chng tn , chc sc, nh tu hnh  c s. Xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc, thc hin thng li cng cuc i mi, xy dng v bo v t nc. Tuyt i a s tn  cc tn gio l nhng ngi lao ng. H va l cng dn, thnh vin ca cng ng dn tc, c lng yu nc, va l nhng ngi c nim tin tn gio, pht huy tinh thn yu nc ca h, ng vin h xy dng cuc sng tt i, p o, gn b vi cng ng dn tc l thc hin tt cng tc vn ng qun chng, y l mt trong nhng nhim v ca cng tc tn gio. Pht huy tinh thn yu nc ca ng bo c o, phi hp u tranh lm tht bi m mu ca cc th lc th ch li dng vn  tn gio, dn tc  ph hoi on kt dn tc, chng ch . Qun chng tn  c tinh thn yu nc, gn b vi dn tc v ch . ng thi trong hot ng tn gio h cing tun theo cc gio l, gio lut v cc rng buc ca cc hnh thc l nghi tn gio. Pht huy tinh thn yu nc ca ng bo, t chc, vn ng ng bo nhn thc r m mu li dng tn gio  ph hoi khi i on kt ton dn tc, chng ph ch  ca cc th lc th ch. Cuc u tranh chng li s li dng tn gio ch thnh cng khi qun chng nhn thc r bn cht sai tri ca nhng hnh ng . Hng dn cc tn gio thc hin quan h i ngoi ph hp vi ng li i ngoi ca ng v Nh nc; y mnh thng tin tuyn truyn v chnh sch tn gio ca ng v Nh nc; u tranh lm tht bi nhng lun iu tuyn truyn, xuyn tc, vu khng ca cc th lc th ch. Cng tc tn gio c nhim v hng dn hot ng i ngoi ca cc tn gio ph hp vi ng li i ngoi c lp, t ch, ha bnh, hp tc, pht trin; a phng ha, a dng ha quan h, ch ng v tch cc hi nhp quc t; l bn, i tc tin cy v l thnh vin c trch nhim trong cng ng quc t; v li ch quc gia dn tc, v mt nc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a giu mnh. Hot ng i ngoi ca cc t chc tn gio khng c lm tn hi n quan h quc t ca ng v Nh nc ta. Cng tc tn gio cn y mnh thng tin, tuyn truyn ra bn ngoi, u tranh lm tht bi mi mu  xuyn tc, vu khng tnh hnh tn gio v chnh sch tn gio  nc ta. Tng kt vic thc hin cc ch th, ngh quyt ca ng v cng tc tn gio, tng cng nghin cu c bn, tng kt thc tin,  rt ra cc bi hc kinh nghim trong qu trnh thc hin chnh sch tn gio ca ng v Nh nc gp phn cung cp lun c khoa hc cho vic xy dng v thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch trc mt v lu di i vi tn gio. Phng php vn ng qun chng tn , chc sc tn gio c bn l: Phng php vn ng tp trung v vn ng c bit; vn ng bng phng php kinh t; vn ng bng phng php gio dc v thuyt phc; vn ng bng phng php hnh chnh. Trong thc hin thng phi vn dng tng hp cc phng php . Song trn thc t,  mi a bn, mi i tng vn ng li khng hon ton ging nhau, do  cn phi tm kim, p dng phng php ch o. Trong tnh hnh hin nay, phng php i thoi  gio dc, thuyt phc l c tm rt quan trng, thng phi s dng thng xuyn hn c. IV. U TRANH PHNG CHNG CH LI DNG VN  DN TC, TN GIO CHNG PH CCH MNG VIT NAM GP PHN GI VNG QUC PHNG, AN NINH TRONG TNH HNH MI 1. m mu, th on li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch Chng ph cch mng Vit Nam l m mu c hu, thuc v bn cht v khng bao gi thay i ca cc th lc th ch, trong , vn  dn tc, tn gio lun b cc th lc th ch coi l mt  trng im u tin ,  huyt nhy cm nht, c bit l  cp c s. Bi v, cc th lc th ch thu hiu: Vit Nam l quc gia a dn tc, a tn gio; sc mnh ca Vit Nam l sc mnh ca i on kt ton dn tc - trong  c on kt cc tc ngi, cc tn gio; do c im tm l ca cc dn tc, tn gio c khc nhau; nhng kh khn trong i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca cc dn tc, cc tn gio; nhng thiu st trong thc hin chnh sch kinh t - x hi, chnh sch dn tc, tn gio ca ng, Nh nc ta v do vn  dn tc, tn gio lin quan cht ch vi nhau. a) m mu m mu ch o ca chng l s dng  ngi n dn tc, tn gio lm nguyn c, cng vi vic li dng trn cc l)nh vc kinh t, chnh tr, t tng  xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng vi ton x hi, chuyn ha, lt  ch  x hi ch ngh)a  Vit Nam, thc hin m mu khng nh m thng. Mc tiu c th ca vic li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio ca cc th lc th ch nhm: Trc tip ph hoi khi i on kt ton dn tc, chia r ng bo cc dn tc, chia r ng bo theo tn gio v khng theo tn gio v gia cc ng bo theo cc tn gio khc nhau. Kch ng cc dn tc thiu s, tn  chc sc tn gio chng li chnh sch dn tc, chnh sch tn gio ca ng v Nh nc; i lp cc dn tc, cc tn gio vi s lnh o ca ng i vi cch mng Vit Nam; v hiu ha s qun l ca Nh nc i vi cc l)nh vc ca i sng x hi, gy mt n nh chnh tr - x hi, nht l  vng dn tc, tn gio. To dng cc t chc phn ng trong cc dn tc thiu s, cc tn gio  tip tc chng ph cch mng Vit Nam. b) Th on Vic li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch din ra trn mi l)nh vc ca i sng x hi, vi nhiu th on va tinh vi, xo quyt va trng trn,  hn. Mt l, chng li dng nhng vn  lch s  li, nhng c im tm l, nhng kh khn trong i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca cc dn tc, cc tn gio; nhng thiu st, sai lm trong thc hin chnh sch dn tc, tn gio  xuyn tc ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, quan im, chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc Vit Nam, trc tip l quan im, chnh sch dn tc, tn gio, hng gy mu thun, to c can thip cng vic ni b ca Vit Nam. Hai l, kch ng t tng dn tc hp hi, dn tc cc oan, ly khai dn tc; kch ng chia r quan h dn tc, quan h lng - gio v gia cc tn gio, nh i ci gi l t do tn gio, t tr, thnh lp Vng quc Mng c lp, nh nc  ga, quc gia Kh Me Crm hng lm chia r, ph hoi, suy yu khi i on kt ton dn tc Vit Nam. Ba l, ph hoi cc c s kinh t - x hi; mua chuc, li ko, p buc ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio chng i chnh quyn, di c v vt bin tri php, gy bt n chnh tr - x hi, bo lon, to cc im nng  vu khng Vit Nam n p cc dn tc, cc tn gio vi phm dn ch, nhn quyn  c lp, lm suy yu cch mng Vit Nam Trong 10 nm li y, trn c nc  xy ra hn 500 im nng, trong  c khong 30 im nng ln lin quan n vn  dn tc, tn gio. Bn l, xy dng, nui dng cc t chc phn ng ngi Vit Nam  nc ngoi; tp hp, ti tr, ch o lc lng phn ng trong cc dn tc, cc tn gio  trong nc hot ng chng ph cch mng Vit Nam, nh:  Lin on Khme Campuchia Crm th gii ,  Mt trn dn tc gii phng Khme Campuchia Crm ;  Tr thc Mng ,  Tn gio - Chnh tr ,  Trung tm nghin cu vn ha Mng ;  Hip hi ngi Thng  ga (MDA) ;  Trung tm Thi hc ,  Vn phng Chmpa quc t - IOC ,  Hi bo tn vn ha Chmpa . Chng cn h tr thnh lp cc i pht thanh nh VOKK (Khme Campuchia Crm), RFA (Chu t do), i  ga v in n bo ch, tp ch, ti liu (Champakha, VIJAYA& ) bng ting dn tc, tn pht bng )a c ni dung tuyn truyn xuyn tc, vu co Vit Nam chim t, n p, km kp ngi dn tc thiu s, vi phm nghim trng lut php quc t nhm kch ng t tng i t tr, ly khai chia nh, x l Vit Nam. Nm l, li dng nhng tn ti ca lch s  tuyn truyn, kch ng i ly khai, t tr v tm cch lut php ha, quc t ha vn  dn tc  can thip vo cng vic ni b ca Vit Nam. o xi nhng vn  lch s  li l th on quen thuc, xuyn sut ca cc th lc th ch  gy mt n nh chnh tr - x hi. Nhng nm gn y, chng li dng vn  dn tc, dn ch, nhn quyn, t do tn gio, t chc cc cuc hi tho v quyn con ngi, ci gi l l mt t (ngy 04 thng 6),  ngy thnh lp FULRO (ngy 20 thng 09)  tuyn truyn kch ng i ly khai, t tr , tm cch lut php ha, quc t ha vn  dn tc, tn gio. Su l, li dng hot ng t thin, nhn o, thm thn, du lch, hp tc  tp hp lc lng, to dng ngn c tin hnh cc hot ng ph hoi. Hin nay c nc c hng trm t chc phi chnh ph hot ng trn 63 tnh thnh. Trong cc t chc ny c khng t t chc quan h cht ch vi Tin Lnh, nn o Tin Lnh pht trin. Ti Ty Nam B, li dng vn  thm thn, du lch, lm t thin, hp tc, pht trin kinh t, cc th lc phn ng  xm nhp v cc cha Kh Me lm t thin v tn pht bng )a c ni dung tuyn truyn xuyn tc lch s, kch ng ngi Kh Me i t tr, ly khai. Ti Ty Nguyn, ly danh ngh)a cc t chc quc t, t chc phi chnh ph, cc th lc th ch tm cch xm nhp a bn  nm tnh hnh, kch ng biu tnh, bo lon, vt bin tri php sang Campuchia gy mt n nh chnh tr - x hi hai nc. 2. u tranh phng chng ch li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam - mc tiu, phng chm, gii php a) Mc tiu u tranh Ch ng phng nga, kp thi pht hin u tranh lm tht bi m mu ca cc th lc th ch li dng dn tc, tn gio xm phm an ninh quc gia, gi vng c lp ch quyn, ton vn lnh th to s n nh chnh tr gp phn quan trng thc hin hai nhim v chin lc xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. b) Phng chm u tranh Gi vng s n nh bn trong l chnh, kt hp vi thc hin chnh sch i ngoi ng li i ngoi c lp, t ch, ha bnh, hp tc, pht trin; a phng ha, a dng ha quan h, ch ng v tch cc hi nhp quc t; l bn, i tc tin cy v l thnh vin c trch nhim trong cng ng quc t; v li ch quc gia dn tc, v mt nc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a giu mnh. Tng cng khi i on kt ton dn, m rng dn ch i i vi gi nghim k cng php lut, thc hin cng bng x hi. Ly phng nga, xy dng l chnh i i vi ch ng u tranh y li v v hiu ha m mu hot ng chng ph t bn ngoi, khng  xy ra tnh hung phc tp, bt ng; ch trng cuc u tranh trn mt trn t tng - vn ha; bo v cng l)nh, ng li chnh tr ca ng, bo v bn sc vn ha dn tc, chng a nguyn chnh tr, a ng i lp. Phng, chng cc th lc th ch li dng dn tc, tn gio l trch nhim ca h thng chnh tr: Pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca h thng chnh tr tin hnh ng b cc bin php di s lnh o ca cc cp y ng, s qun l iu hnh v thng nht ca Nh nc, vai tr tham mu ca cc c quan chc nng tng cng cng tc phng chng m mu, hot ng li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio ca ch. Tng cng nng lc ton din ca quc phng - an ninh, sn sng u tranh, x l cc tnh hung nhanh gn, kin quyt khng  ly lan, khng s h  cc th lc th ch to c can thip vo cng vic ni b ca ta. Kt hp gia u tranh v hp tc: Tch cc, ch ng; khn kho trong u tranh; va u tranh, va hp tc i vi cc th lc th ch bn ngoi; trit  tranh th s ng h ca d lun quc t, bo m v nguyn tc chin lc trong mi tnh hung. X l tnh hung c th kin quyt, tnh to, thn trng, khn kho, khng  ch mn c can thip. Tranh th s ng h rng ri ca nhn dn trong nc, d lun quc t; kt hp cht ch gia u tranh trong nc vi hot ng i ngoi; kt hp gia phn ha, c lp cc i tng chng i  ngoi nc vi x l kin quyt, tnh to, khn kho i vi cc phn t chng i ngoan c  trong nc. Phn bit r mu thun ch - ta v mu thun ni b nhn dn, gia tn gio n thun v li dng tn gio. Khng ln ln gia bn phn ng vi qun chng nhn dn; chng hu khuynh, gin n; ng thi, chng cng nhc, t khuynh; khng  tnh hnh phc tp thm, khng  i tng tr thnh th i u, th ch vi ta, can thip vo ni b ta. c) Ni dung, gii php u tranh u tranh phng chng cc th lc th ch li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio c ni dung ton din trn tt c cc l)nh vc i sng x hi. Xt n cng, ni dung c bn nht  v hiu ha s li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio ca cc th lc th ch  c s l thc hin tt chnh sch pht trin kinh t x hi, m trc tip l chnh sch dn tc, chnh sch tn gio, nng cao i sng vt cht tinh thn ca nhn dn cc dn tc, tn gio, cng c xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc  c s, thc hin thng li cng cuc i mi, theo mc tiu dn giu, nc mnh, dn ch, cng bng, vn minh. Hin nay, cn tp trung vo cc ni dung, gii php sau: Mt l, ra sc tuyn truyn, qun trit quan im, chnh sch dn tc, tn gio ca ng, Nh nc; m mu th on li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch cho ton dn, m trc tip l ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio  c s. Cn tp trung ph bin su rng cc ch trng, chnh sch pht trin kinh t - x hi vng dn tc, tn gio, chnh sch dn tc, tn gio; ph bin php lut v gio dc thc chp hnh php lut v thc hin y  ngh)a v cng dn, thc hin ng chnh sch, php lut v dn tc, tn gio; khi dy lng t tn, t ho dn tc, truyn thng on kt gia cc dn tc, cc tn gio trong s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc. Thng xuyn tuyn truyn, gio dc  ng bo hiu r m mu th on chia r dn tc, tn gio ca cc th lc th ch,  cao cnh gic  khng b chng la gt, li ko, li dng. Kp thi gii thch nhng thc mc, khiu ni ca nhn dn v cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc. Tip tc i mi mnh m hnh thc tuyn truyn theo hng st hp vi tng tng lp nhn dn, nht l vng dn tc thiu s. Pht hin vn  mi ny sinh, gii quyt dt im nhng vn  cn vng mc v nhn thc; u t pht trin cc phng tin truyn thng i chng mt cch tho ng. Pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca h thng chnh tr, nht l cc lc lng ti ch, nhng ngi c uy tn trong dn tc, chc sc tn gio, ph hp vi phong tc tp qun, iu kin n , lao ng, i li, sinh hot, vn ho ca ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio, ch trng hng dn nhn dn pht trin kinh t cho gia nh v a phng. Hai l, tng cng cng c xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc, gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi  c s. Xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc phi da trn nn tng khi lin minh cng - nng - tr thc, di s lnh o ca ng; m rng a dng ha cc hnh thc tp hp ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio; nng cao vai tr ca Mt trn v cc on th nhn dn. Chng k th chia r dn tc, tn gio, chng t tng dn tc ln, dn tc hp hi, dn tc cc oan, t ti, mc cm dn tc, tn gio. Ch ng gi vng an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi  cc vng dn tc, tn gio, bo v ch quyn an ninh quc gia. Ba l, chm lo nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca ng bo cc dn tc, cc tn gio  c s. Xt n cng y l gii php c ngh)a nn tng  v hiu ha s li dng ca k th. Bi vy, cn phi y nhanh tin  v nng cao hiu qu cc chng trnh, cc d n u tin pht trin kinh t - x hi min ni, vng dn tc, vng tn gio; to mi iu kin gip  ng bo cc dn tc, cc tn gio nhanh chng xa i gim ngho nng cao dn tr, sc khe, bo v bn sc vn ha cc dn tc. Khc phc s chnh lch v pht trin kinh t - x hi gia cc dn tc, cc tn gio; s k th, chia r dn tc, tn gio. Tng cng xy dng h tng c s thit yu vng ng bo dn tc thiu s v min ni. Hng dn v c chnh sch khuyn khch ng bo pht trin kinh t hng ho ph hp vi iu kin t nhin v phong tc tp qun ca tng a phng; ch trng cng tc khuyn nng, khuyn lm. u t  pht trin vn ho - x hi trong vng min ni v ng bo dn tc. Pht trin v ph cp gio dc, nng cao dn tr, tng cng o to ngun nhn lc cho vng dn tc thiu s. C chnh sch u tin c tuyn hc sinh l ngi dn tc thiu s  o to trnh  i hc, cao ng, hc sinh c tuyn cn c u tin v tiu chun hc ph, hc bng, tn dng, ngnh ngh o to... v b tr vic lm sau khi tt nghip. Hon chnh mng li y t vng dn tc thiu s, nht l trm y t x, cc x c bit kh khn min ni; tng cng thuc cha bnh cho phng khm cm x trong khu dn c; nh k bi dng nng cao trnh  cn b y t cp c s; tng cng bc s  tuyn x. Tip tc thc hin chnh sch u t, h tr cc vng dn tc v min ni, nht l cc vng c bit kh khn bng cc chng trnh quc gia, cn c chnh sch,  n, d n c th h tr 5 dn tc c s dn di 1 nghn ngi: Si La, Pu po, R Mm, Bru, u  chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng sn xut hng ho, cng nghip ho, hin i ho tip cn vi tin b khoa hc - cng ngh, i sng vn minh. Bn l, cng c v xy dng h thng chnh tr c s vng mnh, trong  ch trng nng cao nng lc lnh o, sc chin u ca t chc ng, chnh quyn c s, chm lo xy dng i ngi cn b, nht l cn b ch cht l ngi dn tc thiu s, vng tn gio. Cp u cc a phng c k hoch o to bi dng cn b, ng vin dn tc thiu s v nht l  cp x  cn b thc s st dn, hiu tm t, nguyn vng ca dn, ng lng thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, php lut ca Nh nc. Tip tc tng cng cn b c nng lc, c phm cht o c cho c s  vng dn tc thiu s, vng tn gio, nht l  nhng a bn trng im... Cn b tng cng  vng dn tc, vng tn gio cn c trang b hc tp k v ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, php lut ca Nh nc phi nm chc phong tc tp qun v bit ting dn tc, gio l, gio lut...  c th d dng xm nhp thc t, nm vng tnh hnh, phi hp cht ch vi lc lng cn b ti ch; c bit quan tm pht huy vai tr tch cc ca cc gi lng, trng bn, ngi c uy tn trong cc dn tc, cc chc sc tn gio. Trn c s , pht huy vai tr ca c h thng chnh tr tham gia u tranh phng, chng s li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch. i mi cng tc dn vn vng dn tc, tn gio theo phng chm: chn thnh, tch cc, thn trng, kin tr, t nh, vng chc; s dng nhiu phng php ph hp vi c th tng dn tc, tng tn gio. Cn b cng tc vng dn tc, tn gio phi bit ting dn tc, am hiu phong tc tp qun, tn gio ca ng bo. Thc hin tt phong cch cng tc dn vn: trng dn, gn dn, hiu dn, hc dn, c trch nhim vi dn; khng quan liu, tham nhing. Nm l, pht huy vai tr ca chc sc tn gio, cc nh hot ng vn ha, x hi, khoa hc ngh thut trong thc hin chnh sch dn tc, tn gio ca ng, Nh nc. y l mt trong nhng bin php quan trng. Bi chc sc tn gio, cc nh hot ng vn ha x hi, khoa hc ngh thut l lc lng c uy tn v nhiu li th, nh hng ln n ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio, trong thc hin chnh sch dn tc, tn gio. Cc chc sc tn gio l lc lng nng ct ca gio hi cc tn gio, c o to c bn v gio l, gio lut, c kinh nghim thc tin c gio hi cng nhn; c trng trch qun l, iu hnh cc cng vic v tn gio trong mt c s th t trn mt khu vc a phng c th, h c uy tn ln trong qun chng tn , l cu ni gia gio hi cc tn gio vi tn  nn c tc ng to ln, nh hng su sc n qun chng tn . Do  pht huy vai tr tch cc ca cc chc sc tn gio trong tuyn truyn, hng dn ng bo c o chp hnh v thc hin nghim ng li, ch trng ca ng, php lut Nh nc, lm trn bn phn ca mt tn  chn chnh, sng  tt i, p o ; trong vn ng ng bo gio dn xy dng c s a phng vng mnh; trong pht trin kinh t - x hi, tham gia cng tc gi gn an ninh, trt t  a phng; trong u tranh chng ch li dng tn gio chng ph cch mng; trong tham gia xy dng lc lng ct cn  c s& c ngh)a ht sc quan trng, nhm thc hin ng li, chnh sch v tn gio ca ng v Nh nc ta. ng nh Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI  ch r:  ng vin cc t chc tn gio, chc sc, tn  sng tt i, p o, tham gia ng gp tch cc cho cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc . Cc nh hot ng vn ha, x hi, khoa hc ngh thut bao gm tng lp tr thc, vn ngh s), nhng nh gio, thy thuc, nhng cn b lnh o cc cp c uy tn t Trung ng n a phng c nh hng ln n ng bo cc dn tc, cc tn gio trn mi l)nh vc i sng x hi, c vai tr quan trng trong thc hin chnh sch dn tc, tn gio. y l lc lng quan trng,  ch cng , thng qua cc  binh chng c bit - vn ha, ngh thut gp phn a nh sng vn ho, trong  c chnh sch dn tc, tn gio ca ng, Nh nc n vi ng bo vng su, vng xa, vng dn tc tn gio, vn ng b con pht trin kinh t, xo i gim ngho, gi gn bn sc vn ho dn tc, thc hin tt cc hot ng t qun ti c s, xy dng qui c, hng c trong tng cng ng dn c... gp phn thit thc thc hin tt chnh sch dn tc, tn gio ca ng, Nh nc. ng thi h cing l lc lng quan trng, thng qua cc l)nh vc vn ha, ngh thut  u tranh t tng l lun vch trn, v hiu ha mi m mu, th on hot ng li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch. Chnh v vy, vic pht huy vai tr ca nhng ngi c uy tn, tiu biu trong cng ng cc dn tc, tn gio. Su l, ch ng xy dng th trn quc phng - an ninh  c s, cng c th trn lng dn vng chc; ch ng u tranh trn mt trn t tng - vn ha lm tht bi mi m mu, th on li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch. Kp thi pht hin, dp tt mi m mu, hnh ng li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio kch ng li ko ng bo gy bo lon. Thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng, thng xuyn vch trn b mt phn ng ca k th,  nhn dn nhn r v khng b la bp. Vn ng ng ng bo tin tng vo ng li chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc; vch mt th on  tin, thm him ca cc th lc phn ng; khng tin v nghe theo k xu xi gic gy chia r dn tc, tn gio. Khi xut hin im nng, cn tm r nguyn nhn, bin php gii quyt kp thi, khng  lan rng, khng  k th ly c can thip; x l nghim minh theo php lut nhng k cm u ngoan c chng ph cch mng, khng  b ng bt ng. X l v vic c l, c tnh, ng ngi, ng ti; kin quyt, cn trng v trnh dng bin php th bo, phn bit r phn t chng i vi qun chng ng nhn b ch la bp, li ko; ly phng nga l chnh. ng thi kin tr thuyt phc, vn ng nhng ngi nh d, c tin nghe theo k xu, quay v vi bun lng, i x khoan hng,  lng, bnh ng i vi nhng ngi lm li  n nn hi ci, phc thin. m mu th on li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio ca cc th lc th ch rt thm c nham him, nhng nu ton ng, ton dn, ton qun, c h thng chnh tr, trc tip l h thng chnh tr  cp c s, i ngi chc sc tn gio, cc nh hot ng vn ha, x hi, khoa hc, ngh thut lun nu cao tinh thn cnh gic, cc dn tc anh em, ng bo cc tn gio on kt mt lng, kp thi pht hin v ch ng u tranh ngn chn trc, t xa th m mu, th on  ca chng s khng th no thc hin c; quc phng an ninh s c gi vng, tng cng; i sng ng bo cc dn tc, tn gio s c nng cao, t nc pht trin i ln con ng m no, hnh phc. VN  NGHIN CU 1. Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin v dn tc, gii quyt vn  dn tc. 2. c im dn tc Vit Nam; chnh sch dn tc ca ng, Nh nc ta. 3. Quan im ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin v tn gio, gii quyt vn  tn gio. 4. Tnh hnh, c im tn gio Vit Nam; quan im chnh sch gii quyt vn  tn gio ca ng, Nh nc ta hin nay. 5. m mu, th on li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio ca cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam; gii php u tranh phng chng. TI LIU THAM KHO 1. ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011. 2. ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th X, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2006. 3. ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Ngh quyt Hi ngh ln th 7 Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng (kho IX) v cng tc dn tc. 4. ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Ngh quyt Hi ngh ln th 7 Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng (kho IX) v cng tc tn gio. 5. Php lnh Tn ngng, Tn gio, s 21/2004/ PL-UBTVQH 11. 6. Ngh nh s 92/2012/N-CP, ngy 8 thng 11 nm 2012, ca Chnh ph  Quy nh chi tit v bin php thi hnh Php lnh Tn ngng, tn gio . 7. Ngh nh s 5/2011/N-CP ca Chnh ph: V Cng tc dn tc. 8. Phm Ding,  Tip tc i mi cng tc tn gio p ng yu cu, nhim v trong tnh hnh mi , Tp ch Cng sn s 9/ 2013. 9. ng Nghim Vn, V tn gio tn ngng Vit Nam hin nay, Nxb Khoa hc x hi, H Ni, 1996, tr. 75.  T in Bch khoa qun s Vit Nam, H Ni, 2004, tr. 848.  Lut An ninh quc gia nm 2004.  ng Cng sn VitNam,Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011, tr. 82.  Sch  dn, tr. 81-82.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia - S tht, H Ni, 2011, tr. 317.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia - S tht, H Ni, 2011, tr. 319.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 6, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 281-282.  H Ch Minh,  Bo co chnh tr ti i hi i biu ton quc ln th II ca ng thng 2/1951 , Ton tp, tp 6, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 171.  McNamara, Nhn li qu kh - Tn thm kch v nhng bi hc v Vit Nam, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 1995, tr. 316.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 7, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 496.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 9, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 279.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011, tr. 244.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 10, Nxb Chnh tri quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr.323.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 10, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 282.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 11, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 136.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 11, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 118.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 10, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 611.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 10, Nxb Chnh tri quc gia, H Ni, 2000, tr. 481.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011, tr. 81.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th X, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2006, tr. 122-123.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011, tr .81.  Php lnh Tn ngng, Tn gio, s 21/2004/ PL-UBTVQH 11.  V.I.Lnin, Ton tp, tp 12, Nxb Tin b, Mtxcva, 1979, tr. 169.  V.I.Lnin, Ton tp, tp 12, Nxb Tin b, Mtxcva, 1979, tr. 169.  C.Mc v Ph.ngghen, Ton tp, tp 1, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 1995, tr. 569.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011, tr. 245.  Phm Ding,  Tip tc i mi cng tc tn gio p ng yu cu, nhim v trong tnh hnh mi , Tp ch Cng sn s 9 nm 2013.  C.Mc v Ph.ngghen, Ton tp, tp 1, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 1995, tr. 571.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 10, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 1996, tr. 385.  H Ch Minh, Ton tp, tp 5, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 1995, tr. 91-109.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI,Nxb Chnh tr quc gia - S tht, H Ni, 2011, tr. 245.  ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011, tr. 235- 236.     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