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V N H A , T T N G V P H O N G T R O T O N D N
B O V A N N I N H T Q U C
X y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h c v c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g l m t n i d u n g q u a n t r n g t r o n g t c h c c c b i n p h p b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a . T r o n g n h n g n m q u a m c d n g , N h n c v B C n g a n c n h n g v n b n , c h t h v x y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c t u y n h i n h i u q u c a c n g t c n y v n c h a c a o . t h c c a q u n c h n g n h n d n t h a m g i a p h o n g t r o c h a t g i c v c h a n g u . T r o n g l c v i c t r i n k h a i t c h c l c l n g , p h n g t i n , b i n p h p c a c q u a n a n n i n h x y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c c in g c h a c q u a n t m n g m c . N h m n n g c a o h i u q u c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g v p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c t r o n g t h i g i a t i , t r c h t c h n g t a p h i n h n t h c y v v n n y v q u n t r i t t i t o n b c n b , n g v i n . M i c n b , n g v i n p h i t m n h t h a m g i a v o p h o n g t r o v c t h c t u y n t r u y n n n g c a o t r c h n h i m c h o c c c n g d n k h c t r o n g b o v c q u a n , n v v x y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c . V b o v a n n i n h t q u c l t r c h n h i m c h u n g c a m i c n g d n .
T h e o n g h c a H i n g g i o d c , q u c p h n g A n n i n h t r u n g n g , H c v i n A n n i n h n h n d n b i n s o n c h u y n : " n g l i , q u a n i m c a n g C n g s n , c h n h s c h p h p l u t c a N h n c V i t N a m v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g v p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c " n h m p h c v c h n g t r n h b i d n g k i n t h c q u c p h n g a n n i n h c h o c c c n b , n g v i n .
C h u y n c b c c t h n h 2 p h n n h s a u :
P h n 1 : n g l i , q u a n i m c a n g C n g s n , c h n h s c h p h p l u t c a N h n c V i t N a m v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g .
P h n 2 : X y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
P h n 1
N G L I , Q U A N I M C A N G C N G S N V B O V A N N I N H C H N H T R , K I N H T , V N H A , T T N G
I . N H N G V N C B N V B O V A N N I N H C H N H T R , K I N H T , V N H A , T T N G
1 . N h n t h c c h u n g
a ) B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b
A n n i n h c h n h t r n i b l s n n h v p h t t r i n b n v n g c a b m y n g , N h n c , l c l n g v i t r a n g , c c t c h c c h n h t r , c h n h t r x h i t r o n g h t h n g c h n h t r . A n n i n h c h n h t r n i b l m t b p h n q u a n t r n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h n i b , n t h h i n q u y n l n h o t r c t i p , t u y t i v t o n d i n c a n g i v i n h n c v x h i .
N i h m c a a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b c h n h l s n g n c a c c c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c , s p h h p c a c c c h t r n g , c h n h s c h n y v i l i c h c a q u c g i a , d n t c , p h h p v i l i c h c a i a s q u n c h n g n h n d n ; s a n t o n , v n g m n h c a c c c q u a n n g , N h n c , l c l n g v i t r n g , c c t c h c c h n h t r , c h n h t r x h i t r o n g h t h n g c h n h t r ; s t h c h i n n g n v c h i u q u c c n g l i , c h t r n g , c h n h s c h c h o c a n g , N h n c t r n c c l )n h v c k h c n h a u c a i s n g x h i ; s t r o n g s c h , v n g m n h v c h n h t r c a c n b , n g v i n t r o n g b m y n h n c , l c l n g v i t r a n g , t c h c c h n h t r x h i t r o n g h t h n g c h n h t r ; s a n t o n v c s v t c h t , h t n g , k t h u t c a n h n c , c h q u y n v l i c h q u c g i a t r n c c l )n h v c ; s a n t o n c a c c l o i b m t n h n c , b m t n i b c a n g , c c c n g t r n h q u a n t r n g v a n n i n h q u c g i a ; s t h n g l )n h c a c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h v q u a n i m , c h t r n g , n g l i c a n g i v i t t n g c a t o n x h i . A n n i n h c h n h t r n i b c n g h )a h t s c q u a n t r n g t r o n g q u t r n h x y d n g v p h t t r i n t n c . A n n i n h c h n h t r n i b c m b o t h h t h n g c h n h t r t t r u n g n g n c s m i h o t n g n n h .
B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b l m t b p h n q u a n t r n g c a b o v a n n i n h n i b , b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a , l v i c t c h c c c l c l n g , p h n g t i n , b i n p h p c a c q u a n a n n i n h n h m p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h , n g n c h n m m u , h o t n g c a c c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i , c c t h l c t h c h t h m n h p n i g i n , p h h o i n i b , t c n g c h u y n h a n i b t b n t r o n g , p h n g c h n g c c y u t t d i n b i n , t c h u y n h a t r o n g n i b , p h n g n g a c c n h n t b n t r o n g l m s u y y u s l n h o c a n g , c a h t h n g c h n h t r , m b o s n n h v p h t t r i n b n v n g c a c h c h n h t r x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m .
i t n g c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r b a o g m i t n g b o v v i t n g u t r a n h . i t n g b o v c h n h l c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h , c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c t h e o n h h n g x h i c h n g h )a ; c n b , n g v i n , n h n g n g i n m g i b m t n h n c , c k h n n g t c n g c h i p h i n n i b ; c c t c h c n g t t r u n g n g n c s , c c o n t h c h n h t r t h u c h t h n g c h n h t r x h i c h n g h )a ; b m t n i b n g , b m t n h n c .
i t n g u t r a n h c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b c h n h l t , c n h n v c s c a c c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i c h o t n g n h m v o n i b t a ; c c t h l c k i n h t , t i c h n h c t c n g c h i p h i n a n n i n h c h n h t r ; c c l o i t i p h m k h n g b , b u n l u , t c h c x h i e n h o t n g l i n q u a n n n i b ; t i p h m t h a m n h in g , t i u c c t r o n g n i b ; c c i t n g c h i c h n h t r ; v n n g h s , t r t h c c c o a n q u k h c h h o t n g t r n l )n h v c v n h a , n g h t h u t , k h o a h c , g i o d c c h o t n g x m p h m a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b ; c c t c h c p h n n g l u v o n g , c c t c h c k i n h t , v n h a t r h n h h o c b c h t h a o t n g c h n g V i t N a m . y u l n h n g i t n g u t r a n h c a c q u a n a n n i n h n h m m b o s t r o n g s c h v n g m n h c a b m y n g , N h n c .
M c c h c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b l b o v v a i t r , v t r l n h o t o n d i n t u y t i c a n g , b o v a n t o n v h o t n g h i u q u c a b m y n h n c , b o v c h x h i c h n g h )a n c t a , g p p h n g i g n s n n h v a n n i n h c h n h t r , t r t t a n t o n x h i p h c v s n g h i p x y d n g v b o v T q u c V i t N a m x h i c h n g h )a .
b ) B o v a n n i n h k i n h t
A n n i n h k i n h t l s p h t t r i n n n h v b n v n g c a n n k i n h t t h t r n g n h h n g x h i c h n g h )a . D i g c c n g t c a n n i n h , a n n i n h k i n h t l k h c h t h c n c b o v v c c u t h n h b i c c y u t : S t h c h i n n g n , c h i u q u n g l i , c h n h s c h k i n h t c h o c a n g , N h n c ; s a n t o n c c l o i b m t n h n c t r o n g l )n h v c k i n h t ; s a n t o n s h u n h n c , t i s n q u c g i a , c s v t c h t k t h u t q u a n t r n g c a N h n c , l i c h d n t c v k i n h t ; s a n t o n c c c n g t r n h , m c t i u t r n g i m v k i n h t c l i n q u a n n a n n i n h q u c g i a ; s v n g m n h v c h n h t r c a i n g i c n b q u n l k i n h t , n h k h o a h c , c h u y n g i a g i i t r o n g l )n h v c k i n h t .
B o v a n n i n h k i n h t d i g c q u n l n h n c v k i n h t n i c h u n g l t n g t h c c b i n p h p c h n h t r , k i n h t , h n h c h n h , p h p l u t v n g h i p v c h u y n n g n h c a c c c q u a n n h n c , c c d o a n h n g h i p h n g v o c c h o t n g k i n h t n h m m b o c h o n n k i n h t p h t t r i n n n h v b n v n g t h e o n h h n g x h i c h n g h )a d i s l n h o c a n g .
D i g c c h c n n g , n h i m v c a c q u a n a n n i n h t h b o v a n n i n h k i n h t l b p h n q u a n t r n g c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a b a o g m : p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g m m u , h o t n g t n h b o , p h h o i k i n h t , t h n g q u a k i n h t c h u y n h a c h n h t r c a c c t h l c t h c h ; p h n g c h n g t i p h m k i n h t , t c h c c n g t c t n h b o k i n h t n h m b o v a n n i n h , c l p , c h q u y n , t o n v n l n h t h , l i c h q u c g i a , p h c v h i n h p v p h t t r i n k i n h t c a t n c .
B n c h t c a b o v a n n i n h k i n h t l m t h o t n g n g h i p v c a l c l n g a n n i n h t r n l )n h v c k i n h t . l h t h n g b i n p h p c a c n g a n p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h l m t h t b i m i m m u , h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h , c c l o i t i p h m v c c v i p h m p h p l u t k h c x m p h m , e d a x m p h m a n n i n h k i n h t .
i t n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h k i n h t b a o g m c i t n g b o v v i t n g u t r a n h , p h n g n g a . i t n g b o v l c h t r n g , n g l i p h t t r i n k i n h t c a n g v N h n c t a , l m c t i u , a b n , c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p k i n h t , c o n n g i , c s v t c h t , k t h u t v n h n g h o t n g k i n h t p h i v t c h t . i t n g p h n g n g a b a o g m c c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i , c c t h l c t h c h , c c t p o n k i n h t , t i c h n h n c n g o i i l p v l i c h v i n h n c t a , c c l o i t i p h m v v i p h m p h p l u t v k i n h t .
C n g t c b o v a n n i n h k i n h t t p t r u n g v o p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h , n g n c h n m m u , h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h v c c l o i t i p h m h o t n g x m p h m a n n i n h k i n h t , p h n g c h n g t i p h m v v i p h m p h p l u t t r n l )n h v c k i n h t , k h c p h c n h n g s h , t h i u s t t r o n g q u t r n h t c h c v h o t n g c a c c c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p k i n h t ; t c h c c n g t c t n h b o k i n h t , t n h b o k h o a h c , k t h u t p h c v c h o h o t n g n g h i p v a n n i n h v p h c v c h o n h i m v c n g n g h i p h a , h i n i h a t n c , b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a . C n g t c b o v a n n i n h k i n h t l t r c h n h i m c h u n g c a c c c q u a n b a n n g n h , c c c n g t y , d o a n h n g h i p , t r o n g l c l n g a n n i n h k i n h t l l c l n g c h u y n t r c h c n h i m v t h a m m u , h n g d n v t h c h i n c c c n g t c c h u y n m n v b o v a n n i n h k i n h t .
M c c h c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h k i n h t l t h n g q u a c c b i n p h p c n g t c c a c q u a n a n n i n h , g p p h n b o m c h o n n k i n h t c a t n c n i c h u n g , h o t n g k i n h t c a t n g a p h n g , c a c c c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p n i r i n g p h t t r i n n n h , b n v n g t h e o n g n h h n g x h i c h n g h )a d i s l n h o c a n g .
B o v a n n i n h k i n h t c c h i a t h n h h a i c p v ) m v v i m . B o v a n n i n h k i n h t c p v ) m l n h i m v c a h t h n g c h n h t r , c a c c c q u a n l n h o , c q u a n q u n l n h n c t r n l )n h v c k i n h t , c c c q u a n c h u y n t r c h t r o n g l c l n g a n n i n h l n n g c t . B o v a n n i n h k i n h t c p v i m l t r c h n h i m c a b n t h n c c c q u a n , t c h c k i n h t , c c d o a n h n g h i p , c c c n g t y v c n h n n h n g n g i l n h o c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p k i n h t d i s q u n l , h n g d n c a c q u a n a n n i n h .
N i d u n g c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h k i n h t b a o g m :
B o v s t h c h i n n g n c h i u q u n g l i , c h t r n g , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c v p h t t r i n k i n h t , x h i ; b o v a n t o n i n g i c n b , n g v i n , c n g n h n v i n , c s v t c h t , k ) t h u t v l i c h q u c g i a ; b o v c c c q u a n , t c h c k i n h t ; b o v b m t n h n c t r o n g k i n h t , b n q u y n , t h n g h i u q u c g i a ; b o v a n n i n h c c c n g t r n h , m c t i u k i n h t q u a n t r n g .
T h c h i n c h c n n g q u n l n h n c v a n n i n h q u c g i a t r n l )n h v c k i n h t b a o g m v i c t h a m g i a x y d n g c c v n b n q u y p h m p h p l u t i u c h n h h o t n g c a c c c q u a n , t c h c t r o n g l )n h v c k i n h t , t h a n h t r a , k i m t r a v i c t h c h i n p h p l u t t r n g l )n h v c k i n h t , t h a m g i a t h m n h c c c h n g t r n h , d n t r n g i m t r n l )n h v c k i n h t , x l n h n g t r n g h p v i p h p l u t t r o n g l )n h v c k i n h t .
P h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g m m u , h o t n g c a c c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i , c c t h l c t h c h , c c t c h c p h n n g , c c t c h c , c n h n h o t n g p h h o i k i n h t , t h n g q u a k i n h t c h u y n h o c h n h t r . K h c p h c n h n g s h t h i u s t t r o n g c n g t c l n h o , q u n l v t c h c h o t n g k i n h t m c h n h n h n g s h t h i u s t l i u k i n c c t h l c t h c h l i d n g x m h i a n n i n h k i n h t .
P h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g c c l o i t i p h m k i n h t , c c l o i t i p h m t h a m n h in g , t i u c c t r o n g n i b , p h n g c h n g c c h o t n g l i d n g k i n h t t c n g c h u y n h a c h c h n h t r , p h n g c h n g t d i n b i n , t c h u y n h a t r o n g c c c q u a n , t c h c k i n h t .
T c h c t h c h i n c n g t c t n h b o k i n h t , t n h b o k h o a h c , k ) t h u t v c n g n g h n h m t h u t h p t h n g t i n v c c l )n h v c k h c n h a u p h c v v i c p h t t r i n k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g v b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a . C n g t c t n h b o k i n h t , t n h b o k h o a h c k t h u t c t c h c t h c h i n d i s c h o t p t r u n g t h n g n h t c a B C n g a n , c q u a n t n h b o c h i n l c v c c l c l n g l m n h i m v b o v a n n i n h k i n h t . a b n t c h c c n g t c t n h b o k i n h t , t n h b o k h o a h c , k t h u t c t h c t r i n k h a i c t r o n g n c v n c n g o i t y t h e o t n g t r n g h p , t n g v v i c c t h .
T h a m g i a , p h i h p g i i q u y t , x l c c v v i c p h c t p v a n n i n h k i n h t , t r c t i p x l , g i i q u y t c c s c l n , n h n g v n p h c t p l i n q u a n n a n n i n h , t r t t t r n l )n h v c k i n h t .
c . B o v a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g
T t n g v v n h a l h a i l )n h v c c l i n q u a n m t t h i t v i n h a u , c n g h p t h n h n n t n g t t n g , t i n h t h n c a x h i v c v a i t r q u a n t r n g n s t n t i , v n g m n h c a m t c h c h n h t r . V n h a l n n t n g h n h t h n h t t n g , n g t h i t t n g d n d t , n h h n g v n h a . M t n n v n h a l n h m n h , t i n t i n s p h t s i n h n h n g t t n g t i n t i n , n h n g t t n g t i n t i n s t i p t c d n d t n n v n h a p h t t r i n t i n b h n , v n m i n h h n .
A n n i n h v n h a , t t n g l s n n h v p h t t r i n b n v n g c a v n h o , t t n g t r n n n t n g c a c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h v c h t r n g , n g l i c a n g , c h n h s c h p h p l u t c a N h n c . A n n i n h v n h a , t t n g l m t b p h n c a a n n i n h q u c g i a , b o v a n n i n h v n h a t t n g g n l i n v i b o v c h x h i c h n g h )a n c t a .
B o v a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g c h n h l b o v s n n h v p h t t r i n b n v n g c a v n h a , t t n g t r n n n t n g c a c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h v c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c v v n h a , t t n g . D i g c c n g t c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a t r n l )n h v c v n h a t t n g t h b o v a n n i n h v n h a t t n g l v i c t c h c l c l n g , p h n g t i n , b i n p h p c a c q u a n a n n i n h n h m p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g m m u , h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h t r n l )n h v c v n h a t t n g , u t r a n h c h n g h o t n g c h i n t r a n h t m l , p h h o i t t n g v c h n g c c h o t n g t r u y n b v n h a c h i , p h n n g , b o v c s v t c h t k t h u t v i n g i c n b c h c h t h o t n g t r n l )n h v c v n h a , t t n g , b o t n v p h t h u y b n s c v n h o d n t c .
N i d u n g b o v a n n i n h t t n g , v n h o b a o g m b o v c h n g h )a M c - L n i n v t t n g H C h M i n h , b o v c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c . y l n h i m v t r n g t m , x u y n s u t , t h h i n r n h t c u c u t r a n h g i a i c p g i a c h n g h )a x h i v c h n g h )a t b n . B o v a n n i n h v n h a t t n g c h n h l b o v n n t n g t t n g , v n h a c a n g , N h n c v c a d n t c t a . T r o n g m i g i a i o n c c h m n g d i c h x h i c h n g h )a , c h n g t a u p h i b o v c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h , c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c t r c s t n c n g c a c c t h l c t h c h n h t l c a c c h c g i t s n , c a c h n g h )a x t l i h i n i , c a s i t n g c h i c h n h t r .
B o v a n n i n h v n h a t t n g c n l b o v t r u y n t h n g , b n s c v n h o d n t c , t i p t h u c c h n l c t i n h h o a v n h o t h g i i . X y d n g m t n n v n h a c a V i t N a m t i n t i n , m b n s c d n t c p h h p v i x u h n g t i n b c a t h g i i . t h c h i n i u n y t h c n c s v o c u c c a c h t h n g c h n h t r , c a m i n g i d n c h k h n g c h r i n g c q u a n a n n i n h . T r o n g q u t r n h t h c h i n n h i m v c a m n h , c q u a n a n n i n h c n t h a m m u c h o c c c q u a n l n h o , c q u a n q u n l n h n c v v n h a , t t n g t h c h i n t t n h t n h i m v .
B o v a n n i n h v n h a t t n g c n l c h n g l i s t c n g c a c c t r o l u v n h a , t t n g c h i , l i s n g i t r u , b o l c , s x m l n g v v n h o c a c c t h l c t h c h t r n l )n h v c t t n g v n h o . y l n h i m v q u a n t r n g c c p n t r o n g c c v n k i n c a n g m m i n h t l t r o n g N g h q u y t H i n g h l n t h 9 B a n c h p h n h t r u n g n g K h a X I ( 2 0 1 4 ) . N g o i r a b o v a n n i n h v n h a t t n g c n l p h n g c h n g h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h p h h o i t r n l )n h v c t t n g , v n h a . l c c h o t n g t u y n t r u y n p h h o i t t n g , x u y n t c , c h t r c h , p h p h n c h t r n g , n g l i c a n g , c h n h s c h p h p l u t c a N h n c , h o t n g k c h s l n h o c a n g , b i n h c c n g c h l n h o n g , N h n c , p h b n g c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h v c h t r n g , n g l i c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c .
2 . Y u t t c n g t i u c c n a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g
a . T n h h n h t h g i i v k h u v c
S s p c a c h n g h )a x h i L i n X v n g u t r o n g n h n g n m u c a t h p n i n 9 0 t c n g s u s c n i s n g c h n h t r , k i n h t , x h i , a n n i n h , q u c p h n g c c n c x h i c h n g h )a c n l i , t r o n g c V i t N a m . i u n y l m c h o m t b p h n c n b , n g v i n v m t b p h n q u n c h n g n h n d n h o a n g m a n g , l o l n g , d a o n g , m t n i m t i n v o s l n h o c a n g , v o c o n n g c h n g h )a x h i m n g v C h t c h H C h M i n h l a c h n . X u t h i n s p h n h a t r o n g n i b , x u t h i n k h u y n h h n g x t l i m t s n g v i n , t r o n g c n h n g n g i t n g g i c c c n g v l n h o c a o c p c a n g , c c c q u a n n h n c , l c l n g v i t r a n g . M t b p h n c n b , n g v i n t h o i h o , b i n c h t , t d i n b i n , t c h u y n h a . C c t h l c t h c h l i d n g t n h h n h y m n h c h i n t r a n h t m l v i m c c h p h n b c c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h , p h n h n c o n n g i l n c h n g h )a x h i n c t a , n g t h i p h n h o n i b t a .
V v y , c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g t r o n g g i a i o n n y h t s c p h c t p , v a p h i t i n h n h u t r a n h v i c c l u n i u t u y n t r u y n x u y n t c , v a p h i l m t t c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g n h m g i v n g m t t r n c h n h t r t t n g - y u t q u a n t r n g h n g u m b o s t n t i c a c h x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m , c in g n h g p p h n t o r a m i t r n g a n t o n , n n h v m i m t p h t t r i n k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g , m r n g i n g o i h i n h p q u c t .
C u c c c h m n g k h o a h c , c n g n g h p h t t r i n v i t r n h c a o , t c n g m n h m t i m i q u c g i a , d n t c c t c n g n h t n h t i c n g t c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g n i r i n g . K h o a h c k t h u t p h t t r i n m a n g l i n h i u t i n c h t o l n c h o x h i l o i n g i , t u y n h i n n u k h n g k i m s o t t t , k h o a h c k t h u t c in g m a n g n n h i u n g u y c e d a t r c t i p n a n n i n h q u c g i a , a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b . C c t h l c t h c h s d n g k h o a h c k t h u t t i n h n h h o t n g t h u t h p b m t n h n c , b m t n i b , x m h i a n n i n h q u c g i a . C h n g s d n g c c t h i t b k t h u t n g h e t r m i n t h o i , p h t t n c c p h n m m g i n i p c n h h n g v o c c a c h I P k t n i i n t e r n e t n h m l y n h i m v o c c m y t n h , c c t h i t b l u g i t h n g t i n , v o c c m y i n t h o i t h n g m i n h . T h n g q u a c c p h n m m g i n i p n y c h n g t h u t h p t h n g t i n r n g r i t r o n g q u n c h n g n h n d n v c b i t l c n b , n g v i n t h c h i n c c m u k h c n h a u .
N h n g t h n h t u c a c u c c c h m n g k h o a h c c n g n g h v a n g t c n g m n h m n t t c c c q u c g i a , d n t c t r n t h g i i . N t o r a n h i u c h i p h t t r i n , n g t h i c in g t c c n c a n g p h t t r i n , c c n c c t r n h k h o a h c , c n g n g h t h p t r c n g u y c t t h u x a h n . C c t h l c t h c h t r i t l i d n g c c t h n h t u k h o a h c , c n g n g h t i n h n h c c m t h o t n g c h n g p h n c t a t r n n h i u m t : k i n h t , t t n g v n h o , t h n g t i n , v . v . . . . C h n g s d n g c c t h i t b k h o a h c h i n i , c c p h n g t i n t h u t i n t h u t h p t h n g t i n b m t n h n c , b m t n i b n g , k i m s o t h t h n g t h n g t i n l i n l c c a c h n g t a , x m h i n a n n i n h q u c g i a . y a n g l m t t h c h t h c i v i c c l c l n g l m c n g t c b o v a n n i n h n i b .
T o n c u h o , h i n h p q u c t l x u t h k h c h q u a n , l i c u n n g y c n g n h i u q u c g i a t h a m g i a t r o n g c n c t a . T o n c u h o l h q u t t y u c a s p h t t r i n k h o a h c , c n g n g h , l x u t h c h u n g t r o n g q u t r n h h i n h p q u c t , c c q u c g i a c n h u c u x c h l i g n n h a u , c n g l i n k t v i n h a u p h t t r i n t n c . T o n c u h a l y u c u c a s p h n c n g l a o n g t h g i i k h i l c l n g s n x u t p h t t r i n n t r n h d c a o . T o n c u h o k i n h t s t o r a n h n g t h i c m i c h o s p h t t r i n c a t t c c c q u c g i a t r n t h g i i , n h n g k o t h e o l m t l o t n h n g v n c h u n g m c c q u c g i a p h i n g u , l s l in g o n k i n h t c a c c n c p h t t r i n , n g u y c k h n g h o n g k i n h t v t i p h m q u c t , t o n c u h a c in g l m c h o c c n c g i u n g y c n g g i u h n , c c n c n g h o c in g g i u c h n n h n g k h o n g c c h c h n h l c h v i c c n c g i u n g y c n g x a h n . i u n y t o r a s b t c n g t r o n g x h i v h n h t h n h n h n g b t n v a n n i n h t r t t m c q u a n a n n i n h c n t n h t o n g i i q u y t .
i v i c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g t h t o n c u h o t o i u k i n c h o s h p t c q u c t t r n l )n h v c a n n i n h , t o i u k i n t h u n l i c h o c c q u c g i a t r o n g v i c x l c c t n h h u n g c l i n q u a n t i y u t n c n g o i , g i p c h n g t a c c s p h p l t i n h n h c n g t c n g h i p v a n n i n h . N h n g t h e o l s k h k h n t r o n g v i c p h t h i n i t n g u t r a n h , t r o n g v i c p d n g c c b i n p h p n g h i p v b m t , t r o n g x l c c v n l i n q u a n n q u c t . C c t h l c t h c h t r i t l i d n g n h n g u t h v k i n h t t n g b c t o s c p v r n g b u c t a v c h n h t r ; l i d n g h p t c q u c t t o v b c , a n g i c h u i s u l e o c a o v o n i b t a , g y k h k h n c h o c n g t c p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c a t a .
C h i n t r a n h c c b , x u n g t v i t r a n g , x u n g t s c t c , t n g i o , c h y u a v i k h , c a n t h i p l t , k h n g b c n x y r a n h i u n i v i t n h c h t n g y c n g p h c t p h n . T r n t h g i i c c c u c x u n g t v n t h n g x u y n x y r a v c n h n g t c n g n h t n h i v i V i t N a m . C c c u c x u n g t l m c h o q u a n h n g o i g i a o , q u a n h k i n h t g i a V i t N a m v i c c k h u v c g i m s t , V i t N a m p h i t h h i n q u a n i m c a m n h v i c c x u n g t , n g h h a y k h n g n g h b n n o s c n h n g t c n g t i u c c t i V i t N a m , t i q u a n h i n g o i v i c c q u c g i a k h c , i u n y s t c n g t i a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g n i r i n g . V n c h y u a v i t r a n g , s p h t t r i n m n h m c a c c n g u y c e d a n a n n i n h q u c g i a V i t N a m b u c c h n g t a p h i t n g c n g t i m l c q u n s , a n n i n h q u c p h n g n h m i p h v i c c e d a . i u n y s l m g i a t n g s b o v n h n g c in g c h o t h y s t c n g , n h h n g n k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g . B n c n h i v i n c t a , c c t h l c t h c h n c n g o i l u n t m c c h k c h n g c c v n d n t c , t n g i o , d n c h , n h n q u y n ; k c h n g , g y m u t h u n t r o n g n i b n h n d n , g i a n h n d n v i n g , v i c h n h q u y n v c c l c l n g v i t r a n g e d o n g h i m t r n g n a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g , t t o c c a n t h i p n g y c n g t r n g t r n v o c n g v i c n i b c a t a . T h c t i h i l c l n g a n n i n h p h i v a k i n q u y t u t r a n h v c h t r n m m u c a c c t h l c t h c h , v a t r a n h t h c s n g h c a c n g n g q u c t i v i s n g h i p x y d n g v b o v t q u c .
b . c i m t n h h n h t r o n g n c
T n h h n h k i n h t , x h i n c t a c n n h i u v n t n t i , y u k m c t h g y m t n n h a n n i n h c h n h t r , x h i . C u c k h n g h o n g k i n h t , t i c h n h t r n p h m v i t o n c u t c n g t r c t i p k i n h t , x h i c a n c t a v q u a n t c n g n a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , x h i . C c n g u y c t t h u x a h n v k i n h t ; c h c h h n g x h i c h n g h )a , t h a m n h in g , b u n l u v t n n q u a n l i u ; n g u y c d i n b i n h a b n h c h a b y l i . N h n g m u t h u n t r o n g c n g n g v l i c h k i n h t c n n g t h n v t h n h t h ; t n h t r n g d u c a n h d u c , d i d n t d o , k c s n g i n n g t h n r a t h n h p h a n g g i a t n g ; m t s v n g d n t c t h i u s a n g n y s i n h m t s n h n t g y m t n n h v c h n h t r . T n h t r n g b u n l u q u a b i n g i i , g i a n l n t h n g m i , s h t r o n g q u n l t i n t , x u t n h p k h u , q u n l t h t r n g . . . n h h n g x u n s p h t t r i n c a n n k i n h t n c t a .
N h n g t n t i t r n y a n g c h a n g n h n g n h n t c t h g y b t n n h i v i a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g , l c s m c c t h l c t h c h c t h l i d n g t c n g , t o i u k i n t h u n l i c h o v i c t h c h i n c c m m u p h h o i c c h m n g V i t N a m .
M t t r i c a c c h t h t r n g a n g t c n g s u s c n i s n g k i n h t , x h i n c t a . N h n g n m v a q u a , c c h t h t r n g a n n k i n h t n c t a p h t t r i n h t s c n n g n g , t c n h n g t h n h t u r t q u a n t r n g t r n n h i u l )n h v c . T u y n h i n , d o s t c n g c a m t t r i c c h t h t r n g , n i b t a x u t h i n n h i u v n p h c t p . M t b p h n c n b , n g v i n c t t n g , l i s n g t h c d n g c h y t h e o n g t i n , l o t h u v n c h o l i c h c n h n , c o i n h o c t r u y n t h n g , x a r i l t n g c n g s n , l m g i u b t c h n h . M t b p h n c n b , n g v i n m t c n h g i c v i m m u , t h o n c a c h h i n b c c t h l c t h c h t c n g , l i k o , m u a c h u c , k h n g c h . T r o n g n i b v n g o i x h i c s p h n h a g i u n g h o . N n t h a m n h in g , b u n l u p h t t r i n t h n h q u c n n , l m t h o i h a b i n c h t h n g n g n c n b , n g v i n .
H o t n g t i p h m t h m n h p v o n i b , k c l c l n g v i t r a n g , c b i t l l o i t i p h m c t c h c , t i p h m m a n g t n h q u c t v m a p h i a a n g g i a t n g e d o n g h i m t r n g c h t l n g c h n h t r t t n g c n b , n g v i n . C c t h l c t h c h a n g r a s c l i d n g c c v n t r n t u y n t r u y n c h n g l i n g , N h n c t a ; m m u t h c y h n h t h n h g i a i c p t s n , l i s n g p h n g T y , l m m t d n b n s c v n h a d n t c , t o r a s p h n h a , p h n c c g i a n h n g n g i c n g s n c h n c h n h v i t n g l p t p h , g i a q u n c h n g l a o n g v i c n b , n g v i n , g y m u t h u n i k h n g n g a y t r o n g n i b v x h i V i t N a m . T h c t l m c h o m t b p h n c n b , n g v i n v m t b p h n q u n c h n g n h n d n m t l n g t i n i v i n g , c h n h q u y n v c o n n g c c h m n g x h i c h n g h )a . y l m t y u t t c n g t i c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g c a t a t r o n g t n h h n h c b i t n h y c m h i n n a y .
T n h t r n g m u t h u n t r o n g n i b n h n d n , k h i u k i n t p t h d i n b i n p h c t p n h h n g x u n a n n i n h , t r t t . T r o n g t h i g i a n q u a , t n h h n h t r a n h c h p , k h i u k i n t p t h x y r a n h i u a p h n g . m t s n i , n h i u p h n t x u , b t m n c n h n g h n h v i v i p h m p h p l u t g y h i u q u n g h i m t r n g . m t s n i , t n h h n h b c c p h n t x u l i d n g t h c h i n c c h n h v i g y r i , v i p h m p h p l u t ; t c n g x u n v i c t h c h i n c c c h t r n g , c h n h s c h c a n g , N h n c v a n n i n h t r t t n n g t h n . H i n t n g b t b n h t r o n g c n g n h n , t i u t h n g , h c s i n h , s i n h v i n v i c c n v v c h n h q u y n c s d n n b i k h a , b i t h , n h c n g , b i c n g n h t l t r o n g c c c s l i n d o a n h v i n c n g o i , c c c n g t y t n h n d i n b i n n g y c n g p h c t p .
T r o n g t n g i o v d n t c n i l n v n t u y n t r u y n p h t t r i n o v o v n g d n t c t h i u s , v n g c b i t k h k h n . N h i u t n g i o m i p h t s i n h , t n g i o n g o i l a i c h a c n h n c c h o p h p h o t n g i c n g n h n t c c h p h p n h n , g y k h k h n t r o n g c n g t c q u n l c a n h n c c in g n h g y p h c t p t r o n g c n g t c q u n l t n g i o . M t s t n g i o c h a c c n g n h n t x y d n g t r s , c c c s c a g i o h i , s a c h a n h t h , c h a c h i n , k h u y c h t r n g t h a n h t h , m c n i v i c c t h l c t n g i o b n n g o i n h m t m s g i p , t i t r v v t c h t v t i n h t h n . N h i u n g i n c n g o i v o V i t N a m t u y n t r u y n p h t t r i n o t r i p h p , m t s c h c s c t r o n g t n g i o h o t n g t n g i o t r i p h p . T n h h n h t r n d n n t n h t r n g k h n g n n h m t s v n g , l n g d n k h n g y n . C c t h l c t h c h t r o n g v n g o i n c t m m i c h i l i d n g v n n y k h o t s u m u t h u n v t i n h n h c c h o t n g k c h n g c h n g i h n g l m m t n n h c h n h t r , x h i n c t a .
T n h h n h c h n h t r , t t n g c a c n b , n g v i n v n h n d n c n n y s i n h n h i u v n p h c t p . M t b p h n k h n g n h c n b , n g v i n b c l t m t r n g b n k h o n , l o l n g v t i n c a c h n g h )a x h i ; m t s h o a n g m a n g , d a o n g , m t p h n g h n g h o c m u n i t h e o h n g p h t t r i n c h c h n g h )a t b n . X u t h i n t t n g a n g u y n c h n h t r , a n g i l p m t s c n b , n g v i n , c n h n g n g i g p t h a y i i u 4 H i n p h p , m t b p h n t d i n b i n , t c h u y n h a v t t n g c h n h t r , c b i u h i n h o t n g c h t r c h c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c , g y k h k h n c h o c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g .
V i c q u n l v b o v c n b t r o n g c c l )n h v c c n g t c , n g n h n g h , m i t r n g x h i p h c t p c n l n g l o , c n g t c g i g n b m t n i b , b m t n h n c c n r t n h i u s h , t h i u s t , t n h t r n g l , l t , m t b m t n h n c d i n r a n g h i m t r n g n h i u c b n , b a n , n g n h , a p h n g . m t s a p h n g x u t h i n t n h t r n g m u t h u n , m t o n k t n i b d o n h i u n g u y n n h n k h c n h a u t r o n g c x u n g t v l i c h c h n h t r , k i n h t v t h i u d n c h t r o n g c n g t c l n h o , c h o .
M n g l i t n h b o v i n , m t b o v i n c a M - N g y l i , c b i t l n h n g k h o c h , u m i c a c c c q u a n c b i t n h v o n i b t a t m c c h c h u i s u l e o c a o p h c v c h o l u d i c a M c h a x l h t . y l m t v n l n t r a c h o c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g v c in g l m t v n g y r a t n h h n h p h c t p n h k h i u n i , t c o , c b i t l t r c n h n g n h i m k m i c a k h a c p u m i .
T t c n h n g t n t i k t r n v a n g t r t h n h m c t i u t c n g , t u y n t r u y n c h n g n g , c h n g c h , c h n g N h n c c a c c t h l c t h c h c t r o n g v n g o i n c . N u n h n g h i n t n g n y k h n g c g i i q u y t d t i m s d i n b i n t h e o c h i u h n g p h c t p h n , g y n g u y h i t i a n n i n h q u c g i a .
c . m m u v h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h v c c l o i t i p h m t c n g n a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g
S a u k h i t h c h i n t h n h c n g c h i n l c d i n b i n h a b n h l m s p c h x h i c h n g h )a L i n X v n g u , c c t h l c t h c h n g u l q u c M t i p t c t r i n k h a i c h i n l c " d i n b i n h a b n h " v i c n g m n h h n v b n g n h i u h n h t h c t h o n m i n g u y h i m h n n h m x a c c n c x h i c h n g h )a c n l i , t r o n g V i t N a m l m t t r n g i m . C h n g l i d n g i u k i n , b i c n h c h n h t r t h g i i v t r o n g n c a h o t n g d i n b i n h a b n h v o s u h n , t r c t i p h n t r o n g n i b t a t r n n h i u l )n h v c , b n g c p h n g t h c c n g k h a i v b m t . M c t i u c b n c a c h n g l x o b q u y n l n h o c a n g C n g s n V i t N a m , t i n t i x o b c h x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m , a V i t N a m t h e o t h c h a n g u y n c h n h t r , a n g i l p , b i n V i t N a m t r t h n h m t n c d n c h t h n p h n g T y .
V i m m u , m c c h h o t n g , c c t h l c t h c h t n g c n g c c h o t n g x m p h m a n n i n h q u c g i a c a V i t N a m t r n m i l )n h v c c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g & v i c c m t h o t n g c t h n h s a u :
C c t h l c t h c h t i p t c t h c h i n m m u " d i n b i n h o b n h " , g i a t n g s c p v k i n h t , c h n h t r , d n c h , n h n q u y n i v i V i t N a m n h m t h a y i c h c h n h t r V i t N a m . M v q u c g i a p h n g T y , c c t h l c t h c h g i a t n g h o t n g t c n g c h u y n h o n i b , h n g l i c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c t h n g q u a k i n h t , t h n g q u a s c p n h n q u y n , d n c h , t h n g q u a c c h o t n g t r a o i , g i a o l u v n h a . T r o n g q u t r n h b n h t h n g h o q u a n h v x y d n g c c k h o c h , c h n g t r n h v i n t r k i n h t v u t v o n c t a , c c t h l c t h c h m m u y V i t N a m i x a c o n n g x h i c h n g h )a v t n g b c i v o q u ) o t b n c h n g h )a , p V i t N a m m r n g k i n h t t h t r n g , t n h n h o m t c c h v i u k i n t h e o q u ) o c a M v p h n g T y . T r n c s l i k o v t c h q u n c h n g r a k h i s q u n l c a N h n c x h i c h n g h )a , l m l u m v a i t r c a n g C n g s n V i t N a m b n g k i n h t h o , m i s i n h h o t c a q u n c h n g n h n d n l a o n g . B n c n h , c h n g r o r i t t h c h i n t h m n h p , t c n g c h u y n h o v t t n g i v i c n b , n g v i n v n h n d n , t c n g m n h m t r n l )n h v c v n h c n g h t h u t , b o c h - x u t b n , g i o d c - o t o . . . c a V i t N a m t h e o x u h n g d n c h t s n p h n g T y . T n g c n g m i c n b c a t a r a n c n g o i d t r i n l m , h i t h o , h c t p . . . t c n g l i k o , t u y n c h n l m c n g t c v i n s d n g v o h o t n g t h u t i n n i b v k c h n g h o t n g c h n g c h n h q u y n . T n g c n g l i d n g c h n h s c h m c a , h i n h p , g i a o l u q u c t c a n g , N h n c t h m n h p n i b t a t h n g q u a h o t n g h p t c u t , l i n d o a n h , l i n k t t r n l )n h v c c h n h t r , k i n h t , h p t c u t , v n h c - n g h t h u t , b o c h - x u t b n , g i o d c - o t o n h m t o d n g m t l p n g i t h n M v p h n g T y .
C c t h l c t h c h t n g c n g c c h o t n g t u y n t r u y n p h h o i t t n g , t n g c n g t u y n t r u y n c c g i t r d n c h , n h n q u y n t s n v o V i t N a m n h m h n h t h n h m i t r n g x h i d n s c h o s x u t h i n c c t r o l u t t n g d n c h t s n , t c h c c h n h t r i l p c h n g n g v N h n c V i t N a m . y c c o i l k h u t p h t r o n g v i c t r i n k h a i c h i n l c d i n b i n h a b n h V i t N a m . H o t n g p h h o i t t n g c a c h n g v i m c t i u c h i n l c l u d i l n h m p h n h c h n g h )a M c - L n i n , t t n g H C h M i n h . T r n c s t n g b c l m l u m b n c h t g i a i c p c a n g ; c h u y n h a t t n g c a c n b , n g v i n ; h n h t h n h l c l n g c h n g i x h i c h n g h )a , i l p v i n g ; x a b N h n c C n g h a x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m v c h x h i c h n g h )a n c t a . T h c h i n m c t i u t r n , c c t h l c t h c h b n n g o i t p t r u n g l c l n g , p h n g t i n v s d n g n h i u h n h t h c t c n g m n h m b n g n h i u c h i u n h i u h n g v o n i b c c c q u a n t r u n g n g n h m p h v s t h n g n h t t t n g . C h n g t c h c t r i n k h a i n h i u c h i n d c h c h n g p h t a v n g l i , q u a n i m , c n g l )n h , i u l n g n h m l o i b n n t n g t t n g c a n g t a , a q u a n i m , t t n g t s n p h n n g v o t r o n g n g , v o t r o n g x h i t a . T m c c h a q u a n i m x h i d n c h v o c c v n k i n c a n g v c h t r n g c h n h s c h c a N h n c n h m t h a y i n g l i c h n h t r , b n c h t c h x h i c h n g h )a .
C c t h l c t h c h t i p t c t i n h n h c c h o t n g t u y n l a c s , c i c m n i g i n v o c c c q u a n b a n , n g n h c a n g v N h n c t a n h m t h u t h p b m t n h n c , p h h o i n i b . y l h o t n g p h b i n c a c c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i v c c t h l c t h c h . C h n g t r i t k h a i t h c i u k i n x h i s n c V i t N a m v s d n g s t r n g r i n g t i n h n h h o t n g n i g i n n c t a . C c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i t p t r u n g t h m n h p n i g i n v o n h n g c q u a n , n v c m t , t h i t y u g i v a i t r r n g c t c a c h , n g t h i l n i t p t r u n g t h n g t i n c h i n l c c a n g v N h n c , n h c c c q u a n u n o c a n g , N h n c , q u n i , c n g a n ; n h n g n g n h k i n h t m ii n h n , k h o a h c c n g n g h c a o ; c c c q u a n i d i n n g o i g i a o c a V i t N a m n c n g o i . T h c t t h i g i a n q u a c h o t h y , c c c q u a n c b i t M l a c h n m c t i u t h m n h p n i g i n v x y d n g c m t s u m i n i g i n c n g t c t r o n g m t s c q u a n q u a n t r n g c a n g v N h n c
C c t h l c t h c h t i n h n h c c h o t n g t h u t h p t n h b o . C c t h l c t h c h b n n g o i n h t l s i t n g t r o n g c c c q u a n t n h b o c c n c l i d n g d a n h n g h )a c n g k h a i h p p h p x m n h p v o V i t N a m t h u t h p t n h b o , n h m t h c h i n m m u c h n g n g , N h n c t a . H o t n g n y n g y c n g g i a t n g k c v p h m v i , a b n , m c t i u v l )n h v c . N i d u n g t h n g t i n t n h b o m c c t h l c t h c h q u a n t m t h u t h p , k h a i t h c t p t r u n g v o n h n g t i n v t n h h n h n i b n g , N h n c t a n h : n h n s i h i n g c c c p , c c b n g n h ; q u a n i m , c h t r n g c a n g v N h n c t a t r o n g q u a n h i n g o i v i c c q u c g i a t r n t h g i i n h t l q u a n h v i c c n c l n n h M , T r u n g Q u c , N g a , N h t B n , n . B n c n h c c c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i c in g t i n h n h t h u t h p c c q u a n i m , c h n h s c h c a n g , N h n c t a t r o n g q u t r n h p h t t r i n k i n h t , x h i n i c h u n g v p h t t r i n k i n h t , x h i c c v n g d n t c , t h i u s , v n g c b i t k h k h n , v n g d n t c , t n g i o , t h n g t i n v c h t r n g g i i q u y t v i c l m , c h n g t r n h x a i , g i m n g h o , n h n g t h n g t i n v q u c p h n g a n n i n h b a o g m t n h h n h v a n n i n h b i n g i i , b m t q u c p h n g , k h n n g q u n l b i n g i i , c a k h u , n h n g t i n v c c l )n h v c k i n h t - x h i n h : k h n n g l i n d o a n h , u t , l p d n ; b m t t r n l )n h v c n g h i n c u , n g d n g k t h u t h t n h n ; c h t r n g p h t t r i n k i n h t - x h i ; t n h h n h v x u h n g c h u y n h a c h n h t r n i b , p h n g p h p , c c h t h c c a c q u a n a n n i n h V i t N a m t r o n g x l s i t n g m c h n g c h o l n h n g n g i b t n g c h n h k i n .
B n c n h c c t h l c t h c h c in g t h c y c c h o t n g " t d i n b i n " , " t c h u y n h a " t r o n g n i b t a n h m l m c h o b m y n g , N h n c t a m c r u n g t b n t r o n g . T r o n g n i b c c c q u a n , n v x u t h i n n h i u y u t k h n g n g t h u n , c n g k h a i p h p h n , p h n h n c h t r n g , c h n h s c h c a n g v C h n h p h . M t b p h n c n b n g v i n k h n g q u a n t m , t h v i c c v n c h n h t r c a t n c , p h a i n h t l t n g , c h c h y t h e o l i c h c n h n . M t b p h n t h i u t i n t n g v o s l n h o c a n g , s i u h n h c a C h n h p h ; c h o r n g c n g t c q u n l , i u h n h c a N h n c k h n g t h n g n h t , k h n g h i u q u ; C h n h p h s a i l m t r o n g q u n l k i n h t v ) m n h c h o p h p t h n h l p h n g l o t t p o n k i n h t N h n c , c h o n c n g o i t h u t t r n g r n g k h u v c b i n g i i , k h a i t h c b a u x i t e t i T y N g u y n , t n h t r n g t i u c c , t h a m n h in g c n n h c n h i , i s n g n h n d n c h a c c i t h i n . T , h b y t s l o n g i v c o n n g i l n c h n g h )a x h i c a V i t N a m . M t s c n b n g v i n b n k h o n , l o l n g v v a i t r l n h o c a n g , s i u h n h c a C h n h p h , i p h i t h a y i l n h o c h c h t h i n n a y , i t h a y i t n n g , t n N c & M t s c n b , n g v i n ( k c n g c h c v h u t r ) x u t h i n k i n t r i c h i u , k h n g n g t h u n d i d n g c h t v n , t h n g , b i v i t , g p k i n g i T r u n g n g k i n n g h c n d n c h h o t r o n g c n g t c t c h c c n b , i m i s l n h o c a n g . H v i t v t n p h t n h i u b i b n h l u n v i n i d u n g n h y c m v c h n h t r , g y p h n t m t r o n g q u n c h n g n h n d n .
T n h h n h t r n c h o t h y c d u h i u t c h u y n h a t r o n g n i b c c c q u a n t r u n g n g . M t b p h n n g v i n b s u y t h o i , t d i n b i n t r c n h n g t c n g c a b n n g o i , i p h n b i n x h i , k h n g n g t h u n h o c c h n g l i q u a n i m c a n g . T r o n g c n b l n h o m t s c q u a n c h u y n m n c a M t t r n , Q u c h i , B , n g n h b c l s h u k h u y n h h o c c h i n n k h n g n m c t n h h n h t t n g v q u n l n g v i n , c h a c h n g x l k p t h i c c t r n g h p n g v i n v i p h m q u y n h , n g u y n t c c a n g . S p h b n h , u t r a n h c a c q u a n c h q u n v i c c k i n c n g k h a i p h n b c l i c c q u a n i m , c h t r n g , c h n h s c h c a n g , t u y n t r u y n c c l u n i u , q u a n i m s a i t r i c a k c h v s c h i c h n h t r b t m n , c h n g i n g a y t r n c c d i n n c a c c t c h c n g t r u n g n g , M t t r n h o c Q u c h i , C h n h p h c n y u t h o c t h n i v c h o r n g m b o q u y n d n c h .
H o t n g c a c c l o i t i p h m h n h s , t i p h m c t c h c , b n g n h m x h i e n , c c l o i t i p h m t h a m n h in g , t i u c c , t i p h m k i n h t , c h c v d i n b i n p h c t p g y n h h n g n a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g . T r o n g n h n g n m g n y , t n h h n h t i p h m t r o n g n c d i n b i n h t s c p h c t p : n h i u l o i t i p h m c x u h n g g i a t n g , c b i t l t i p h m k i n h t , t i p h m c t c h c , t i p h m d o n g u y n n h n x h i , t i p h m t r o n g c c l a t u i v t h n h n i n , t i p h m m a n g t n h c h t x u y n q u c g i a ; a b n h o t n g c a c c l o i t i p h m n g y c n g r n g , d i n r a n h i u t n h , t h n h p h ; n g c h l c c l o i t i p h m c s p h t t r i n v o n i b , m t b p h n c n b n g v i n , t h m c h l l n h o c p c a o t r o n g m t s n g n h , c q u a n n g , c h n h q u y n c c c p t t r u n g n g n c s t h o i h o , b i n c h t h o c b t c n g l i k o , m u a c h u c d u n g t n g c h o b n t i p h m h o c t r t h n h t i p h m t c n g r t l n t i n i m t i n c a q u n c h n g n h n d n ; t i p h m c t c h c , c b i t l c c b n g t i p h m h o t n g t h e o k i u x h i e n p h t t r i n n h i u a p h n g , g y h o a n g m a n g , n g h i k , c h i a r t r o n g c n b , n g v i n , l m g i m s t n g h i m t r n g l n g t i n t r o n g n h n d n v o n g , N h n c , c h . T n h h n h c h y c h c , c h y q u y n , c h y c h , c h y t i , c h y b n g c p t i p t c x u t h i n , g y d l u n x u v l m x i m n n i m t i n c a c n b , n g v i n v q u n c h n g n h n d n i v i c c c q u a n n g , N h n c , c q u a n t h c t h i p h p l u t t r u n g n g .
H o t n g c a t i p h m t h i g i a n q u a c x u h n g m r n g p h m v i h o t n g . H u q u d o c h n g g y r a r t n g h i m t r n g : p h i n g i c n b n g v i n t c s n t r u n g n g ; p h v t c h c , l m c h o h o t n g c a c c c q u a n n v n h t l c q u a n h n h p h p , t p h p k m h i u q u ; p h v k i n h t , g y t h i t h i v v t c h t , t i s n N h n c t h t t h o t v i m t s l n g r t l n . H o t n g c a c c l o i t i p h m n h h n g r t l n n u y t n c a n g , N h n c v c h X H C N n c t a . T n h t r n g t i p h m t r n y l i u k i n c c T L T l i d n g , v t i n h n h c c m t h o t n g c h n g n g , c h n g N h n c . N u k h n g c g i i q u y t k p t h i t h c in g l m t n h n t t c n g l m c h o n i b t d i n b i n , t t a n r .
I I . T T N G , Q U A N I M C A N G V B O V A N N I N H C H N H T R N I B , K I N H T , V N H A , T T N G
1 . B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g p h i t d i s l n h o t r c t i p c a n g , s q u n l c a N h n c
B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g p h i t d i s l n h o t r c t i p c a n g , s q u n l c a N h n c l m t t r o n g n h n g q u a n i m c h o q u a n t r n g c a n g v N h n c t a . i u n y h o n t o n p h h p v i c h c h n h t r n c t a d o n g C n g s n l n h o t p t r u n g t h n g n h t t r n t t c c c l )n h v c . C n c t h e o H i n p h p n c c n g h a x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m q u y n h t i i u 4 v v a i t r l n h o t r c t i p , t o n d i n v t u y t i c a n g i v i N h n c v x h i . B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g c in g l v n t h u c p h m v i c a n h n c v x h i , d o v y c n t h i t p h i t d i s l n h o t r c t i p , t u y t i v t o n d i n c a n g .
y l q u a n i m q u a n t r n g u t i n c a n g C n g s n V i t N a m c h o c n g t c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a , t r o n g l c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g l c c n i d u n g q u a n t r n g c a b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a d o v y y l q u a n i m c n c q u n t r i t m t c c h s u s c t r o n g q u t r n h t c h c c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g . B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g l i n q u a n m t t h i t n u y t n c a n g , h i u l c q u n l c a N h n c v s i n h m n h c h n h t r c a c n b , n g v i n . C h n h v v y c n p h i t d i s l n h o , t r c t i p , t o n d i n c a n g n h m m b o t n h n g , t n h t n g t h , t o n d i n , m b o c c y u c u c h u n g c a t n c .
V i c x l c c v n v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g t h n g n h y c m , n k h n g c h l c c v n k i n h t , v n h a n t h u n m l i n q u a n t r c t i p n c h n h t r , i n g o i , a n n i n h q u c g i a , l i n q u a n t r c t i p n v a i t r l n h o c a n g c h o n n c n p h i t d i s l n h o , t r c t i p , t o n d i n , t u y t i c a n g .
T h c t i n c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g t r o n g n h n g n m q u a c h o t h y c n p h i q u n t r i t q u a n i m t t n g t r n n h m m b o s l n h o t r c t i p , t u y t i v t o n d i n c a n g t r n c c m t c a i s n g k i n h t , x h i .
K h i t c h c q u n t r i t q u a n i m t r n t h c q u a n a n n i n h c n n m v n g c h t r n g , n g l i , c h n h s c h c a n g v n h n g v n l i n q u a n n c t h x l , g i i q u y t m t c c h k h o l o , n g v i s l n h o , c h o c a n g , k h n g g y x o t r n n i b , k h n g c c t h l c t h c h v u c o , x u y n t c n g v N h n c . C q u a n a n n i n h c n n m v n g m c t i u c a c n g t c b o v n i b l g p p h n l m c h o c c t c h c c a n g v b m y n h n c t r o n g s c h , v n g m n h , n n g c a o c h i u l c l n h o , q u n l c c v n k i n h t , x h i . C q u a n a n n i n h p h i t h c h i n n g h i m t c c c q u i n h c a n g v b o v c h n h t r n i b , v m i q u a n h g i a c c c q u a n t p h p , c n g a n v b o v c h n h t r n i b t r o n g x l c c v n n l i n q u a n n c n b , n g v i n .
C q u a n a n n i n h c n l m t t c h c n n g t h a m m u , d b o c h o c c c p u n g , c h n h q u y n v c c v n l i n q u a n n a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g , a n n i n h t h n g t i n . P h i p h c v t t n h t c h o c c n h i m v c h n h t r c a n g , N h n c t r o n g t n g t h i k , c c h i n l c v s c h l c . K h i x l c n b , n g v i n v i p h m p h p l u t p h i m b o t u n t h e o c c q u i n h c a n g v t h e o p h p l u t c a N h n c , l y y u c u c h n h t r l m t r c h t . C n t r n h k h u y n h h n g n g h i p v n t h u n t r o n g x l n h n g c n b , n g v i n v i p h m , c t h g y r a n h n g v n p h c t p v c h n h t r n i b , l m n h h n g n u y t n c a n g , N h n c . N m v n g v t n g c n g t h c h n h c c q u i n h p h p l u t v c h n g t h a m n h in g ; t h i h n h t i t k i m , c h n g l n g p h ; v q u n l c n b , c n g c h c n h n c ; v b o v b m t n h n c . . . t r o n g b m y n h n c . N m v n g v t h c h i n n g c h c n n g , n h i m v , q u y n h n c a m n h t r o n g q u t r n h t h c t h i c n g t c c g i a o .
2 . P h t h u y c s c m n h t n g h p c a c h t h n g c h n h t r v k h i i o n k t t o n d n , t r o n g l c l n g c n g a n n h n d n l n n g c t t r o n g b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g
C s k h o a h c c a q u a n i m n y x u t p h t t t n h c h t , c i m , m c t i u , n h i m v c a c u c u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a . l c u c u t r a n h g i a i c p , u t r a n h d n t c , d i n r a g a y g o , q u y t l i t v p h c t p , c n h h n g t r c t i p n s t n v o n g c a c h x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m . C n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a t t n g l b p h n c a b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a , c m c t i u , n h i m v b o v t u y t i a n t o n c h o c h c h n h t r x h i c h n g h )a , b o v a n t o n t u y t i c h o n g , N h n c , l c l n g v i t r a n g , c c t c h c c h n h t r , c h n h t r x h i t r o n g h t h n g c h n h t r , b o v s n n h v p h t t r i n c a n n k i n h t t h e o n h h n g x h i c h n g h )a d i s l n h o c a n g . t h c h i n c i u t h c h l c l n g c n g a n k h n g t h h o n t h n h n i m c n c s c m n h t n g h p c a c h t h n g c h n h t r v k h i i o n k t t o n d n m i c t h g i n h t h n g l i .
B n c n h x u t p h t t m m u , p h n g t h c h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h v i V i t N a m l u n t m c c h c h n g p h n g v N h n c t a v i m c t i u l x a b v a i t r l n h o c a n g C n g s n V i t N a m , x a b c h c h n h t r x h i c h n g h )a V i t N a m . C h n g t i n h n h c h n g p h n g v N h n c t a t r n c c m t , c c l )n h v c c a i s n g x h i . D o , c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a t t n g l i n q u a n n n h i m v c a n h i u l c l n g , n h i u n g n h , p h i h u y n g s c m n h t n g h p c a c h t h n g c h n h t r m i c t h p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h l m t h t b i m m u , h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h .
X u t p h t t t h c t i n c n g t c u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a c h o t h y b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g n i r i n g c n c s c m n h t n g h p c a c h t h n g c h n h t r , c a k h i i o n k t t o n d n . C h k h i n o c h n g t a p h t h u y c s c m n h t n g h p c a h t h n g c h n h t r v k h i i o n k t t o n d n t h c h n g t a m i g i n h c t h n g l i .
S c m n h t n g h p c a c h t h n g c h n h t r l s c m n h c a t n g t h n h v i n t r o n g h t h n g c h n h t r c h u y n g v s d n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g . S c m n h t n g h p b a o g m s c m n h c a n g . n g l t h n h v i n , l b p h n c a h t h n g c h n h t r n g t h i c in g l l c l n g l n h o , t c h c h u y n g s c m n h c a c h t h n g c h n h t r t r o n g b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g , b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g n i r i n g . S c m n h c a n g t r o n g l n h o s n g h i p b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a t h h i n c h n g r a , h o c h n h n g n n g l i c h i n l c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a , x y d n g v p h t t r i n t n c . n g l n h o N h n c t c h c t r i n k h a i t h c h i n c c n g l i , c h i n l c . n g b t r n h n g n g v i n c n n g l c , u y t n m n h i m n h n g v t r q u a n t r n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a , n g g i o d c t h u y t p h c , v n n g n h n d n t h a m g i a t c h c c , t g i c n h i m v b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a .
S c m n h c a N h n c t r o n g b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g n i r i n g t h h i n v i c N h n c b a n h n h c h n h s c h , p h p l u t p h t t r i n t n c c v c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g . C h n h t r , k i n h t , x h i n n h t h c n g t c m b o a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g c n n h . N h n c t h n h l p r a b m y t c h c c a l c l n g c n g a n l m n h i m v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g . N h n c t c h c t h c h i n c n g t c q u n l n h n c v a n n i n h q u c g i a , t r c t i p u t r a n h , t r n p c c l o i t i p h m x m p h m a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g v x m p h m a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g n i r i n g .
S c m n h c a m t t r n v c c o n t h n h n d n t h h i n c h m t t r n v c c o n t h n h n d n g i o d c v n n g c c h i v i n , o n v i n c a m n h , g n g m u v t c h c c , t g i c t h a m g i a b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g , a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g n i r i n g , p h i h p c h t c h v i c c c q u a n c h u y n t r c h t r o n g p h n g , c h n g t i p h m . C c o n t h n h n d n t h a m g i a v o p h o n g t r o p h n g c h n g t i p h m , b o v a n n i n h t r t t t r n c c a b n c in g c h n h l g p p h n q u a n t r n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g .
S c m n h c a t o n d n c h n h l s c m n h t n g h p c a q u n c h n g n h n d n . L c l n g a n n i n h l m n h i m v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g c h c h n g c h c n g h n n g i n h n g n g i d n l i c h n g c h c t r i u n g i . V i h n g c h c t r i u n g i s h u y n g c h n g c h c t r i u n h n l c , h n g c h c t r i u v t l c k h c n h a u c t h t h a m g i a v o c n g t c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a . H u y n g c s c m n h t n g h p c a h n g c h c t r i u n g i d n s g p p h n q u a n t r n g t h c h i n t h n g l i c c n h i m v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g . y l n g u n l c v c n g q u a n t r n g c a t n c t r o n g q u t r n h p h t t r i n k i n h t x h i v b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a .
S c m n h t n g h p c a c c n v t r o n g l c l n g c n g a n n h n d n c h n h l s t h a m g i a , p h i h p t c h c c c a c c c q u a n , c c l c l n g t r o n g c n g a n n h n d n . C c l c l n g h t r t r o n g n m t n h h n h , n h g i i t n g c h i n l c c n c s t h a m g i a c a n h i u c q u a n c h c n n g n h : A n n i n h , n i c h n h , q u n i , i n g o i . . . t h a m g i a h o c h n h c h i n l c c n p h i b i t k t h p t h n h c h i n l c t h n g n h t g i a c h i n l c k i n h t , q u c p h n g , i n g o i v i c h i n l c b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a .
Q u n t r i t q u a n i m t r n c n k t h p c h t c h c c b i n p h p g i o d c , k i n h t , h n h c h n h , t c h c v n g h i p v c h u y n m n t o t h n h s c m n h c h u n g ; p h i h u y n g c s c m n h c a m i l )n h v c c h n h t r , k i n h t , a n n i n h q u c p h n g , i n g o i ; x y d n g c c h p h i h p , x c n h r c h c n n g , n h i m v , v a i t r c a c c c q u a n N h n c , o n t h q u n c h n g , t c h c x h i t r o n g v i c p h i h p v i l c l n g c n g a n n h n d n t r o n g u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a .
K t h p c h t c h g i a p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g , t n h t c h c c c c h m n g c a q u n c h n g v i c n g t c n g h i p v v v a i t r n n g c t c a l c l n g c n g a n n h n d n t r o n g q u t r n h t c h c c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g ; p h t h u y v a i t r c a c n g a n v a l l c l n g t h a m m u c h o n g h u y n g s c m n h t n g h p v a l l c l n g n n g c t t r o n g v i c p h i h p c c n g n h t r o n g u t r a n h p h n g c h n g t i p h m b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a .
T r o n g q u t r n h t c h c q u n t r i t q u a n i m n y c a n g v N h n c , c q u a n a n n i n h c n c h t r n h h a i k h u y n h h n g : n g h i p v t h u n t y h o c t u y t i h o v a i t r c a q u n c h n g , q u c a o v a i t r c a m t n g n h n o h o c l q u a n h p h i h p m t c c h v n g u y n t c , d n n l b m t n g h i p v v g y h i u l m , n g h i k l n n h a u n h h n g n u y t n c h n h t r c a n g , N h n c , n h h n g n h i u q u c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g .
T r n h t c h r i , b a o b i n , l m t h a y c h c n n g , n h i m v c a c c n g n h , c c t c h c t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g . T h i u c c h v s p h i h p c h t c h v i c c n g n h t r o n g c n g t c n y . P h i x c n h r t r c h n h i m , q u y n h n c a m n h t h e o q u i n h c a l u t p h p , t r n h t n h t r n g n y t r c h n h i m h o c b a o b i n l m t h a y , d n n c a n t h i p t h b o v o c n g v i c c a l c l n g k h c .
3 . C n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g p h i p h c v c h i u q u c c y u c u c h n h t r , i n g o i v n h i m v p h t t r i n k i n h t x h i t h e o h n g c n g n g h i p h a , h i n i h a t n c .
Q u a n i m n y c c s k h o a h c x u t p h t t m i q u a n h b i n c h n g g i a h a i p h m t r n n h v p h t t r i n . B t k m t q u c g i a n o c n n h t h m i p h t t r i n c k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g v n g c l i c p h t t r i n c k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g t h m i c i u k i n v t i m l c p h c v s n g h i p b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a . C in g n h v y c n n h v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g t h m i c i u k i n p h t t r i n v c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g . N g c l i , s p h t t r i n n n h t o n d i n c a c c l )n h v c c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g c h n h l i u k i n , l n n t n g t n g c n g t i m l c a n n i n h q u c g i a , m b o a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g .
T r o n g n n k i n h t t h t r n g , h i n h p q u c t p h t s i n h n h i u n g u y c e d a a n n i n h q u c g i a n i c h u n g , a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g n i r i n g m c q u a n n i n h p h i v n d n g h t s c k h o l o t r n c s p h c v v i c p h t t r i n k i n h t , x h i , p h c v c c n h i m v c h n h t r i n g o i l c h n h . B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g l i u k i n t h u n l i x y d n g m i t r n g t h u n l i p h t t r i n k i n h t , x h i p h c v c c n h i m v c h n h t r , i n g o i c a t n c .
t c h c q u n t r i t q u a n i m n y t r c h t c q u a n a n n i n h p h i n m v n g v t h c h i n n g n c c c h t r n g , c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c ; l m t t c h c n n g t h a m m u , h n g d n c h o c c c q u a n , b a n , n g n h , c c m c t i u c q u a n , n v x y d n g , b s u n g v h o n t h i n h t h n g v n b n p h p l u t , c c q u y n h , c h n h s c h m n g c h o k h o a h c k t h u t , k i n h t , v n h a c i u k i n p h t t r i n . K h n g v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g m k m h m s p h t t r i n c h n h s p h t t r i n c a k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g .
L c l n g a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g p h i t h n g x u y n t i m i , n n g c a o t r i t h c k h o a h c c n g n g h v n n g l c n g h i p v p n g y u c u c n g t c a n n i n h t r o n g t n h h n h m i . n g t h i , l c l n g a n n i n h t i p t c h o n t h i n c v m t t c h c , t r a n g t h i t b , p h n g t i n n h m n n g c a o h i u q u c n g t c c a m n h p n g n h i m v b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a t r o n g t h i k c n g n g h i p h a , h i n i h a v h i n h p q u c t .
Q u n t r i t q u a n i m n y , c q u a n a n n i n h c n n h n t h c r m i q u a n h g i a i t n g v i t c v v n v a h p t c , v a u t r a n h t r o n g t n h h n h m i v i p h n g c h m c n g r n v n g u y n t c , m m d o v s c h l c . C n g l m t c o n n g i v o V i t N a m u t p h t t r i n k i n h t x h i , t o c n g n v i c l m c h o n g i d n V i t n a m t h l i t c n h n g n u c h o t n g x m p h m a n n i n h q u c g i a V i t N a m t h h l i t n g . C h n h v v y i h i l c l n g a n n i n h p h i c h n g n n g c a o t r n h , k h n n g , i u k i n p h n n h r c h r i h o t n g n o l h p t c v i V i t N a m , h o t n g n o l h o t n g x m p h m a n n i n h q u c g i a V i t N a m .
C q u a n a n n i n h c h n g p d n g c c l c l n g , p h n g t i n , b i n p h p n h m p h t h i n , n g n c h n , v h i u h a m m u , h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h p h h o i a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a t t n g . C h n g p h t h i n n h n g s h , t h i u s t t r o n g c n g t c q u n l k i n h t , q u n l v n h a , t t n g , q u n l c n b , n h n g s h t h i u s t t r o n g c n g t c b o v b m t n h n c c a c c n g n h , c c c p k h c p h c k p t h i k h n g c q u a n c b i t n c n g o i l i d n g g y h u q u , t c h i .
C q u a n a n n i n h c h n g t c h c t r i n k h a i v t h c h i n c h i u q u k h o c h t n h b o k i n h t , t n h b o k h o a h c , k t h u t c h n g n m c a n c n g o i , c h n g t h u t h p t h n g t i n g i p c c n g n h l a c h n i t c , m p h n , k k t h p n g . T h a m m u c h o c c n g n h t r a n h t h c h t x m c a c c c h u y n g i a , c c n h k h o a h c n c n g o i k h i h t h a m g i a n g h i n c u , c n g t c t i V i t N a m p h c v v i c p h t t r i n k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g .
4 . Q u n t r i t t t n g c h n g p h n g n g a , t c h c c t n c n g v i p h n g c h m g i v n g b n t r o n g l c h n h " t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g
C s k h o a h c c a t t n g n y x u t p h t t t t n g c h o c h i n l c c a n g v N h n c t a t r o n g s n g h i p b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a v g i g n t r t t a n t o n x h i . B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g l m t n i d u n g q u a n t r n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a n n n c in g c n t u n t h e o t t n g c h o c h u n g n y .
B n c n h d o c i m , t n h c h t c a i t n g b o v t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a t t n g l b m y n g , N h n c , l c l n g v i t r a n g , c c t c h c c h n h t r , c h n h t r x h i t r o n g h t h n g c h n h t r , l s n n h v p h t t r i n c a n n k i n h t , c a n n v n h a t i n t i n , m b n s c d n t c . C h n h v v y m y u c u p h i b o v t u y t i a n t o n c h o h t h n g c h n h t r , c h o q u t r n h p h t t r i n k i n h t , x h i c a t n c , g i v n g n h h n g x h i c h n g h )a n n c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g p h i n h n m n h y u c u p h n g n g a , g i v n g b n t r o n g l c h n h .
C c v n c h n h t r n i b , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g u l m c t i u s m t m c c t h l c t h c h v c c l o i t i p h m t p t r u n g t i n h n h c c h o t n g p h h o i t i n t i l m t h a y i t h c h c h n h t r , c h k i n h t t r o n g n c . X l n h n g v n v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g l u n r t n h y c m , d b c c p h n t x u l i d n g v u c o , x u y n t c , g y r i , l m m t u y t n c h n h t r c a n g v N h n c , c h n h v v y y u c u g i v n g b n t r o n g l c h n h c t l n h n g u .
T h c t i n c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g t r o n g n h n g n m q u a c h n g m i n h t n h n g n c a t t n g c h n g p h n g n g a , c h n g t n c n g t r o n g l y p h n g n g a , g i v n g b n t r o n g l c h n h t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g . C h in g c h n h n h q u n t r i t t t q u a n i m c h o t r n m t r o n g n h n g n m q u a t n h h n h a n n i n h c h n h t r , t r t t a n t o n x h i c a c h n g t a c g i v n g , v i c n h n m n h y u c u g i v n g b n t r o n g l c h n h h o n t o n p h h p v i t h c t c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g .
q u n t r i t q u a n i m n y , t r c h t c q u a n a n n i n h t c h c t t c n g t c n m t n h h n h c o i t r n g c t n h h n h t h e o c h i u r n g v c h i u s u , n m t n h h n h t x a . C h t r n g p h t h u y t c d n g v h i u q u c a c c b i n p h p n g h i p v c h u y n s u n h x y d n g v s d n g l c l n g b m t , c c b i n p h p t r i n h s t k t h u t , c c c n g t c n g h i p v c b n k h c . . . n h m p h t h i n k p t h i m m u v h o t n g c a c c t h l c t h c h p h h o i a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g . T c h c c t r i n k h a i l c l n g , p h n g t i n b i n p h p j l n x * < > l n . ` p ~ 岣vvg[gSG h4 h'p 6OJ QJ h\ OJ QJ hn/ OJ QJ mHsH hn/ h\ OJ QJ mHsH "hn/ h\ 56OJ QJ mHsH h4 56OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH h0U h\ OJ QJ mHsH h_] OJ QJ mHsH h_] 5OJ QJ mHsHhmN8 5OJ QJ mHsHhXs 5OJ QJ mHsHh0U 5OJ QJ mHsHh5. 5OJ QJ mHsH > l n p | & $dh 7$ 8$ H$ `a$gd\ dh `gd\
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" & ( , . 0 2 6 8 < > B D H J L N P T X Z \ ^ ` d f h j l $hy h\ OJ QJ mHnHsHtH $hy h\ OJ QJ mHnHsHtHVl p t v z | ~ $ & ( * , 4 6 : < > @ B D F H L N P R V X \ ^ hy h\ OJ QJ nHtH $hy h\ OJ QJ mHnHsHtH $hy h\ OJ QJ mHnHsHtHP^ b d f h j l n p v | $ & ( . 2 6 8 > @ B D F ڸ %hy h\ B*OJ QJ mHph sH%hy h\ B*OJ QJ mHph sH hy h\ OJ QJ nHtH $hy h\ OJ QJ mHnHsHtH $hy h\ OJ QJ mHnHsHtHAF H L R X Z ^ ` b d f j n p r t v x z ~ " $ & , 4 : < D F ɹɹɹ hy h\ OJ QJ \mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ \mHsH%hy h\ B*OJ QJ mHph sH%hy h\ B*OJ QJ mHph sH IF L N V X \ ^ ` b h j l n p r x z |
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" & * , . 2 4 6 8 : > B D J L P R Z \ ` b f h n r z | hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHT Ċ Ȋ ̊ Ί Њ Ԋ ֊ ڊ ܊ " ( * , . 2 4 8 < > @ B D F H R T X Z ` b f h l n v x | ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsHN~ ċ Ƌ ȋ ʋ ̋ Ћ ҋ ؋ ڋ " $ & ( * , 4 6 8 < @ D F H L N R T X Z b d l n t x hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY Č ʌ ̌ Ԍ ، ڌ ܌ ތ
$ & ( * , 4 6 : < D F J L P R X Z ` b f j r t x | ~ ʍ ̍ ҍ hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHNҍ ԍ ڍ ܍
( * , . 4 6 < > F H J N P R T X Z \ ^ ` f h l n p r t v x z ~ Ď Ȏ ʎ ̎ Ύ Ԏ ֎ ؎ ڎ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYڎ ގ ( * 0 2 8 : > @ D F N P X Z ` b d f h j t x | ~ ď ȏ ʏ ̏ ҏ ԏ ֏ ؏ ڏ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY $ , . 6 8 : < @ B F H R T X Z ^ b l n t v ~ Đ Ɛ Ȑ Ґ Ԑ ؐ ڐ ܐ ސ
& ( 0 2 6 8 < > @ B D F hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYF H L P R T V X Z \ ^ b d h j n p r v x z | ~ Ƒ ȑ ̑ Α ґ ԑ ڑ ܑ
" & ( * 0 4 : < D F L N R T hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHNT V X Z \ ^ ` d f j l n r x z Ē Ȓ Β В Ғ Ԓ ڒ ܒ " $ ( * . 0 6 8 > @ D H P R V Z \ ^ hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHN^ ` b d f h l n r t v | ~ ē ȓ ʓ Γ Г ғ ԓ ֓ ؓ ޓ
$ & . 0 : < @ B F H L N T X ^ d hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsHNd h j l n r t | ~ Ĕ Ɣ ̔ Δ Ҕ Ԕ ֔ ؔ
" $ ( * . 0 8 : B D J N T X ^ d h j p r z | hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY ĕ ƕ ȕ ʕ Ε Е ҕ ԕ ֕ ؕ
" $ & ( 2 4 8 : @ B F H L N V X \ ^ b d j l r t x | Ɩ Ȗ hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHNȖ ʖ Ж ؖ ږ ܖ ޖ " & * , . 0 4 6 @ B F J N P T V Z \ ^ ` j l t v z | ~ ȗ ʗ җ ԗ ܗ ޗ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsHN " $ & ( , . 2 4 8 : < > @ B D F J L P R T X \ ^ f h n r z | Ƙ Ș ʘ ̘ Ҙ Ԙ ޘ
hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY $ & , . 8 : @ B D F J L N P T \ ` b f l p r t v | ~ ̙ Ι Й ԙ ܙ ޙ
$ ( * , 0 4 : > @ J R Z \ b d n hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYn r x z ƚ Ț Қ Ԛ ֚ ؚ ܚ ޚ
" & . 0 4 6 : @ D F P R X Z d f h j n p v x | ~ ƛ ̛ Λ қ ԛ ֛ ؛ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY؛ ޛ
" $ & ( . 2 : < @ D F H L N R T X \ ` b j l n r ~ Ɯ Ȝ Ҝ ֜ ޜ " & hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY& ( . 0 4 6 : < B H P R V Z ^ ` h j r t x z ~ ȝ ̝ Ν Н ҝ ֝ ܝ ޝ
$ & ( * , . 0 4 < > B F H J N T V X Z \ b d l n r t hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYt x | Ȟ ʞ О Ҟ Ԟ ֞ ܞ ޞ
& ( , . 2 4 < > F H N R X Z ` b j l r t | ~ Ɵ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYƟ ȟ ʟ ̟ П ҟ ڟ ܟ
" & ( * . 4 6 : > @ B F H N P V X ^ ` b d j l n p t v z | Ơ Ƞ ʠ ̠ Π Р ֠ ؠ ܠ ޠ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY
" * , 0 4 8 : B D F H J L N P R V X \ ^ ` f j n p r t z | ġ ơ Ρ С ҡ ԡ ֡ ء ޡ
$ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY$ & , . 0 4 : < > @ F H J L P R X Z d f n p x z ¢ ̢ Ԣ ֢ ޢ " $ ( , 0 2 6 8 < > F H L N P R \ ^ f j p r t v x z hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYz ģ ƣ ̣ Σ ң ڣ ޣ * , . 0 2 6 > B L P T V Z ^ d f j n t v ~ Ĥ Ƥ ʤ ̤ Ф Ҥ Ԥ ֤ ؤ ڤ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY
$ , . 0 2 8 < B F J L P R T X ^ ` l n r t v z | ~ ¥ ĥ ʥ Υ ҥ ԥ إ ڥ ܥ ޥ
$ & hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY& ( * 0 4 8 : B D J L R T V X \ ^ ` b d f l n r t x z ¦ Ʀ ʦ ̦ Φ Ц Ҧ Ԧ ֦ ئ ܦ ަ $ & ( * , 4 6 > @ B D H L V X \ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY\ ^ d f h j l n r t x | ~ ħ Ƨ Χ Ч ԧ ֧ ڧ ܧ " $ ( * . 0 2 8 < F H J N T V X \ ` b j l r t | ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY ¨ Ĩ ƨ ʨ Ҩ Ԩ ֨ ب ڨ ި " $ & * , 4 6 < @ F H N P X Z ^ ` b f j l p r t v z | © ʩ ̩ Ω hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYΩ Щ ҩ ԩ ܩ $ & . 0 6 8 > @ B D J L P R T X ^ ` b f h j l n p v x | ~ Ī ƪ Ȫ ʪ ̪ Ϊ оооооооооооооооооо "h & h\ 5OJ QJ \mHsH "h & h\ 5OJ QJ \mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHKΪ Ъ Ҫ Ԫ ֪ ڪ ܪ ު " $ & ( . 0 4 6 : < B H L N X Z \ ` j l p r v x z | ̸ &h & h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH &h & h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH h & h\ 5OJ QJ mHsH"h & h\ 5OJ QJ \mHsH "h & h\ 5OJ QJ \mHsH@ ī ƫ ҫ ԫ ֫ ث ګ ޫ " $ & ( * . 0 4 8 : B D J L T V Z \ ^ ` d f l n v x | ~ ǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶǶ hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH &h & h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH &h & h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsHH ¬ Ȭ ̬ ά Ԭ ج ڬ ܬ ެ $ ( , 2 4 8 < B D H J L N X ^ b d l n r v x z | ~ òò hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ h' h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHF ĭ έ ԭ ح ڭ " ( . 0 8 : < @ H J P T V X ` b f h l n z | Ʈ Ȯ ʮ ή hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h' h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ Lή Ү ֮ ܮ ޮ & ( 0 2 6 : > @ H J L N P R T V X Z \ ` b d j l p t z | ~ į ȯ Я ү ֯ گ ܯ ޯ hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHR
" $ & 0 2 6 : @ B F H J L T V \ ^ ` b d f h j n p v x | ~ пппппппппппппппппппппппе hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h & h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ mHsH@ ° İ Ȱ ʰ ΰ а Ұ ְ ذ ް
( * 0 2 6 8 @ B J L R X \ ^ d f j l t v z | ± ʱ ̱ α б ұ Ա ֱ ر hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ Mر ڱ ޱ " $ * . 4 6 > @ H J N P T V X Z b d n p x z | ² Ʋ ʲ ̲ Բ ֲ ڲ ܲ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHL
" * , . 0 2 4 6 8 : < > B D F L N P R T V Z \ ` b d h j n v x ij Ƴ ȳ ʳ ̳ г Գ ֳ $ ( 0 2 6 hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY6 8 : < > @ J L P R V X \ ^ d h l n x z | ƴ ȴ ̴ д Դ ִ
$ & ( . 4 6 > @ J L R hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHNR V X Z \ ^ ` b j l n p r t x z ĵ Ƶ ʵ е ҵ ڵ ܵ $ & , 0 4 6 8 : > F H J N P X Z ^ ` b d n p x | hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY ȶ ʶ ж Ҷ ڶ ܶ
$ ( , . 2 4 6 8 < > D H N R V X Z \ d f l n r v x z ~ ķ Ʒ ̷ η Է hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYԷ ַ ط ڷ ܷ
" $ ( 0 8 : < @ B D F H J R V Z \ d f h l p r t v ¸ ȸ ̸ Ҹ ָ ڸ ܸ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY ( , 4 6 : > @ B D F H J L N P V \ ^ f h l n p r | ¹ Ĺ ʹ ̹ й Թ ع ڹ
hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHN " $ & ( * , . 0 4 6 : < > @ J L P R V X \ ^ b d f h r t z | ƺ Ⱥ ̺ κ ֺ غ ܺ
hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHN " $ , . 0 2 4 6 8 : < @ B F H J P R Z \ ` b h j p r t v z ~ » Ļ ƻ Ȼ ̻ λ ֻ ػ ڻ
" $ & ( hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHN( , . 0 2 4 6 : < D F P R T V Z \ ^ ` d f l r x z ¼ ļ Ƽ м Ҽ ּ ؼ ܼ $ & . 0 8 : < > B D J L T V \ ^ ` b f h j l n p v hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYv x z | ½ ʽ ̽ ҽ Խ
" $ & ( * , . 2 8 : B D L N R V Z \ ^ ` j l t x ~ ľ ƾ Ⱦ ̾ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY̾ Ҿ Ծ ܾ " & , 0 2 6 < > D F H J L P V Z ^ ` j n x z | ~ ƿ ȿ ̿ ο ֿ ؿ ڿ ܿ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHL
" ( * 0 2 6 8 < > @ B D F N P V Z ^ ` b f j l n p z |
hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHX
$ & ( , 4 8 > @ B D F H P R V X ` b j l r t | ~ " $ * , 0 2 6 : < @ F H hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHXH J L P V \ ^ f j l n r t v z ( * . 0 8 : B D J L T V \ ^ b hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHMb d h p r v x " & ( , 4 6 8 : < @ B D F H J N V Z ` b h j l n p r x z hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY
" $ & , 0 6 : @ B F H J L T V ` b d h l p z | ~ h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHT
$ & ( , 0 2 < > @ B D F P R T V Z \ ^ ` b d j l p r t x ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsHN " $ ( * 0 2 4 6 < > F H J L N P V X ^ b d f h j p t v x z ~ hy h\ 6OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHS " $ & . 0 4 8 : < @ B D F H J R T Z ^ b d n r t v |
hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHL & * . 0 2 4 6 > @ B F H J N P T Z \ b f l n p x z | ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHL " $ * , 0 2 : < B D L N P R X \ ^ ` d f h j l n t v ~ &hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHEv R ^ ~ N HR &W :\ ] db g i n q q q $dh 9D `a$gdnqP $dh 7$ 8$ H$ `a$gd\ $dh 1$ `a$gd\ $dh `a$gd\ $dh 1$ `a$gd\
$dh a$gd\ " $ * . 4 6 : < @ B J N P R V X ^ ` f h j l p r x z ~ ȟ )hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \]mHsH)hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \]mHsH&hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH "hO h\ 5OJ QJ \mHsH "hO h\ 5OJ QJ \mHsH &hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH6
$ & * . 2 4 < > F H J P T V ^ ` b d f h j l &hd h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH &hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH &hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH )hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \]mHsH)hO h\ 5@OJ QJ \]mHsH 5l n r t x z |
& ( * . 2 6 8 : > @ D F P R V X d f l n ̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽̽ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH &hd h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsH h\ 5@OJ QJ \mHsHJn r t x z " $ , . 6 8 < @ D F N P R T V X Z \ ^ b d h j l r t v z hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHNz
" $ * , 2 6 : < F H J L N R T V X Z b j n r v z hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHL
" & ( * , . 0 2 4 6 8 < > @ F H J N R T V X Z ^ d h l p r t x | hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHL $ ( * . 2 4 8 < B D F J N P R T ^ ` f h n p x z ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY
" ( * . 0 : > B D H J N P R T Z \ ` b l n r t x z hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHL & ( . 0 6 8 : < > @ B D F H L N P R T V \ ^ b d h j r t x z ~ hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHA
$ * , 4 6 8 : < > H J L P T V Z ^ ` b d f l p r t x z ~ ŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴŴ hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH9
$ * , . 2 4 6 8 : B D J L T V \ ^ h j r t v x | ~ пппппп hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHK
* , . 0 4 6 8 < > @ D N P V Z \ ^ b d h j r t x z ~ ͼͼͼͼͼͼͼͼͼͼͼͼ hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHJ
" $ & ( 0 2 6 8 > @ F H P T V X \ ^ ` b d h n p r t z ~ пппппп hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHK
( * , . 0 2 < > @ D H J N T X \ ` b d f h j l n r v z | ~ hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHL~ " $ & * , 0 2 4 : < F H R T V X Z \ b j t v ~ hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHN " $ ( * 2 6 < > F H J L N P Z \ ^ b f h l n x z | ~ hW h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHN
" $ & * , 0 2 6 8 < > D F J L N P Z \ b d l p v x ~ ֿ h\ OJ QJ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hW h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsHK
& ( . 0 4 6 : < @ F J L R T \ ` h j r t | ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hW h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ P
" $ ( * . 0 8 : > @ D F L N T V Z ^ b d l n v x | ппппппް hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ @OJ QJ mHsH h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsHA
" $ ( * 2 4 : < > @ D F H J L N T V X Z ^ ` b d h j p r | ~ hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY " $ & ( * , 4 6 8 < D F L N T V X Z \ ^ f h l n p r ~
hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHY $ & 0 4 6 8 : < > @ D F H J L N Z \ ` b d h n p t v x
" * , 0 2 6 8 > @ F H L P T hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsHYT V ^ ` h j n r t v x z | ~ N N N N N N N N N N "N $N *N ,N 2N U hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ @OJ QJ mHsH hd h\ OJ QJ mHsH h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH hy h\ OJ QJ mHsH@ p h n g n g a t h n g x u y n , p h n g n g a n g a y t k h i c h a c d u h i u c a c c h o t n g x m p h m a n n i n h n i b .
C q u a n a n n i n h c h n g t h a m m u , h n g d n c c c q u a n b a n n g n h , n v c h q u n l m t t c n g t c p h n g n g a c h u n g , p h n g n g a t x a i v i a b n , m c t i u b o v . C h n g l m t t c n g t c r s o t c h n h t r n i b , x y d n g n i b t r o n g s c h , v n g m n h , k h c p h c n h n g s h t h i u s t m c c t h l c t h c h v c c l o i t i p h m c t h l i d n g p h h o i a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g .
C q u a n a n n i n h c h n g x y d n g v t c h c t h c h i n c c p h n g n p h n g i n , p h n g n b o v t o n d i n t i c c a b n , m c t i u t r n g i m . T o t h t r n p h n g n g a l i n h o n g m p h n g n g a c h u n g v p h n g n g a n g h i p v . K h i x l c c v v i c , h i n t n g l i n q u a n n a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g p h i c n g q u y t , v i p h n g c h m p h i m b o n n h c h n h t r v g i v n g o n k t n i b , k h n g c c t h l c t h c h l i d n g c h n g l i t a . n g t h i b n g m i b i n p h p h n c h n m c t h p n h t n h n g t h i t h i v c c t c n g x u v c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g .
T r o n g q u t r n h t h c h i n i s c h v i c c i t n g t r o n g n i b k h n g c t u t i n m p h i c h p h n l o i k c m u t c h c c c h n g i v i s l n g c h n g , d a o n g , p h i l y t n c n g c h n h t r c m h o , g i o d c l i k o h v p h a t a l c h n h . T r o n g x l i t n g x m p h m a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g c n h t s c t h n t r n g , t n g c n g i t h o i , t y t r n g h p c t h m i t i n h n h b t g i , x l c n g k h a i t r c p h p l u t . i v i s i t n g l n i g i n , t i p h m k i n h t , t h a m n h in g p h i t p t r u n g l c l n g , p h n g t i n , b i n p h p n h a n h c h n g i u t r a , x c m i n h l m r x l t r c p h p l u t .
5 . B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g l t r c h n h i m c a c p u n g , t h t r n g c q u a n , n v , l c l n g a n n i n h t h c h i n c c n h i m v c h u y n m n n g h i p v , t h a m m u , h n g d n .
B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , v n h a , t t n g l u n g n v i n h i m v c h n h t r c a m i n g n h , m i c q u a n , t c h c n n c n p h i t h c h i n n g n g u y n t c n g l n h o , t h t r n g q u n l . T i n h n h c n g v i c t i y c q u a n a n n i n h k h n g c t y t i n , l m t h a y m p h i t n t r n g c q u a n c h q u n v p h t h u c v o c q u a n c h q u n . T r c h n h i m c h n h t r o n g m i v n c c c q u a n , b a n , n g n h v n t h u c v c p y , t h t r n g c c c q u a n , b a n , n g n h . C q u a n a n n i n h c h v i v a i t r t h a m m u , h n g d n t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b c q u a n .
B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g v n p h i p h i t h c h i n n g u y n t c p h p c h x h i c h n g h )a , t h c h i n t h e o n g c c q u y n h c a p h p l u t . M i n g n h , m i c q u a n , t c h c c in g p h i t h c h i n t h e o n g c h c t r c h c a m n h , c q u y n q u y t n h v n m n h c a c q u a n , n v m n h , c q u a n a n n i n h c h t h c h i n c h c n n g n h i m v c a m n h v i v a i t r l m t h a m m u , h n g d n t r o n g b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g ; t h c h i n c h c n n g q u n l n h n c v a n n i n h q u c g i a t r n c c l )n h v c n y v t r c t i p u t r a n h p h n g c h n g c c l o i t i p h m x y r a t r n c c l )n h v c .
q u n t r i t q u a n i m n y t r c h t c q u a n a n n i n h c n n m v n g c c q u y n h c a p h p l u t v c h c n n g , n h i m v , q u y n h n c a t n g n g n h , t n g c p , q u y n h c a n g t r o n g c n g t c p h i h p x l n h n g v v i c l i n q u a n n c n b , n g v i n p h i h p , h n g d n t h c h i n n g .
C q u a n a n n i n h c n t c h c c n g t c t u y n t r u y n v n n g l m c h o c p y , t h t r n g c c c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p , c n b , n g v i n t r o n g c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p h i u r c c h c t r c h , n h i m v c a m n h t h c h i n n h i m v c a m n h v t o i u k i n p h i h p v i c q u a n a n n i n h t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b , a n n i n h k i n h t , a n n i n h v n h a , t t n g . C o i t r n g c n g t c x y d n g p h o n g t r o b o v a n n i n h T q u c t r o n g c c a b n , l )n h v c . P h t h u y t n h c h n g s n g t o c a c n b , n g v i n t r o n g c c c q u a n , t c h c , d o a n h n g h i p v q u n c h n g n h n d n x u n g q u a n h a b n , m c t i u c l i n q u a n .
C q u a n a n n i n h c n c h x y d n g m i q u a n h p h i h p g i a c q u a n a n n i n h v i c c c q u a n , b a n , n g n h n h m t o i u k i n t h u n l i n h t t r o n g q u t r n h t h c h i n n h i m v b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r n i b . C o i t r n g c n g t c t h a m m u , h n g d n c h o c c c p u n g , t h t r n g c q u a n , t c h c t r o n g c n g t c g i g n a n n i n h c h n h t r v t r t t x h i .
P h n 2
X Y D N G P H O N G T R O T O N D N B O V A N N I N H T Q U C
I . Q u n c h n g v p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c
1 . Q u n c h n g
Q u n c h n g l l c l n g l a o n g n g o l m n n t n g c h o m t n c , l g c r c a m t d n t c , l n g l c c h n h t h c y s p h t t r i n c a x h i .
T h c t i n l c h s d n g n c v g i n c c a n g c h a t a c h n g m i n h : T t i n t a d n g v g i n c , n h g i c v t h n g g i c t t h i c c v u a H n g , H a i B T r n g n N g Q u y n , T r n H n g o , L L i , Q u a n g T r u n g u d a v o s c m n h c a t o n d n v b i t l y d n l m g c .
K t h a t t n g c a n g c h a t a v v a i t r c a n h n d n , B c H v n g t a t r o n g s u t q u t r n h l n h o c c h m n g l u n n u c a o t t n g c c h m n g l s n g h i p c a d n , d o d n , v v d n , q u a n h m t t h i t g i a n g v n h n d n l n g u n s c m n h t r u y n t h n g v c n g q u b u c a n g . V v y d i n g n c c a n g , t t n g H C h M i n h , n h n d n t a n g l n g h p s c l m n n n h i u c h i n c n g v v a n g t r o n g s n g h i p g i i p h n g d n t c . N g y n a y s n g h i p x y d n g v b o v T q u c t h e o n g l i i m i v i c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g n h m g p p h n l m c h u y n b i n t t t n h h n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , x h i c a t n c .
2 . V a i t r c a q u n c h n g t r o n g b o v a n n i n h t q u c
M t t r o n g n h n g c i m c a c n g t c b o v A n n i n h t r t t l c u c u t r a n h d i n r a t r n d i n r n g k h p m i a b n , m i l )n h v c h o t n g c a x h i . T r o n g l c l c l n g c n g a n t h c h n , d o v y v i c h u y n g l c l n g q u n c h n g r n g l n t h a m g i a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t l u n c n g h )a c h i n l c t o l n .
B n g i n i p , p h n n g , b n t i p h m k h c m u n t n t i v h o t n g t h c h n g p h i t r t r n n n p t r o n g q u n c h n g . V v y n i d u n g c b n c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t c h n h l c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g n h m x y d n g t h t r n a n n i n h n h n d n , x y d n g n n a n n i n h n h n d n t c s , m b o c h o c n g a n n h n d n c s c m n h c h i n t h n g m i m m u t h o n c a k t h .
T h c t i n c in g c h o t h y m t b p h n t i p h m p h t s i n h v p h t t r i n n g a y t r o n g q u n c h n g . V v y v i c t c h c q u n c h n g , g i o d c , g i c n g q u n c h n g h n c h n m c t h p n h t n h n g n g u y n n h n , i u k i n p h t s i n h t i p h m , q u n l g i o d c , c i t o t h u h p d n i t n g p h m t i , l p h n g c h m h n h n g t c h c c n h t t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t .
C n g v i c c v i n p h p n g h i p v k h c , b i n p h p q u n c h n g s g p p h n c b n t o t h n h t h t r n p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h i u q u v i c c h o t n g c a b n t i p h m .
T h n g q u a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c , l c l n g C n g a n n i n h n h n d n c i u k i n t r i n k h a i s u r n g c c m t c n g t c n g h i p v . N h n g t i n t c a d n g , p h o n g p h v a n n i n h t r t t c t h u l m t q u n c h n g l n g u n t i l i u p h o n g p h c h o c n g t c t r i n h s t . P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h t t r i n l i u k i n t h u n l i p h t h u y t c d n g c c l c l n g , p h n g t i n n g h i p v , x y d n g c s b m t , c n g t c v i n , c t n h , b i h c g i c n g , t h t h c h , o l u y n t r o n g p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g .
P h o n g t r o q u n c h n g p h t t r i n l c s v n g c h c c h o v i c t n h t o n x y d n g l c l n g C n g a n t r o n g s c h v n g m n h . Q u n c h n g g i c n g l n g u n b s u n g v t n c h o l c l n g C n g a n n h n d n , q u n c h n g g p x y d n g c h o l c l n g C n g a n , p h t h i n n h i u t r n g h p t h o i h o b i n c h t t r o n g l c l n g c n g a n x l l m t r o n g s c h l c l n g . Q u a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g l c l n g c n g a n c r n l u y n v k h n n g c n g t c d n v n , l p t r n g c h n h t r v q u a n i m q u n c h n g .
3 . V t r , n g h )a c a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h T q u c l m t h n h t h c h o t n g t g i c c t c h c c a n h n d n l a o n g t h a m g i a p h n g n g a p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g t i p h m n h m b o v a n n i n h t q u c v g i g n t r t t a n t o n x h i .
N i n p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h T q u c t r c h t p h i n i n s t h a m g i a n g o c a c c t n g l p l a o n g t r o n g x h i . K h n g t h g i l p h o n g t r o , k h i m i a s n h n g n g i l a o n g c n n g n g o i , t h v i m i h o t n g u t r a n h g i g n a n n i n h t r t t . T u y n h i n t r o n g t h c t i n v i c n h g i p h o n g t r o c q u n c h n g t h a m g i a n g o h a y c h a c n l t h u c v o c c y u t v p h m v i , a b n v v n c t r a g i i q u y t .
Y u t t g i c l m t t r o n g n h n g t i u c h u n c b n n h g i c p h n g t r o q u n c h n g t h c s h a y c h a . T r o n g t h c t x h i , c k h n g t n h n g t r o l u t h u h t n g o q u n c h n g t h a m g i a , k h n g t n h n g v n t c n g n m t s l n g l n q u n c h n g , n u c h x t n k h a c n h n g o t h d n h m l n , n g n h n n h n g h o t n g m a n g t n h c h t t r o l u v i n h n g h o t n g c a p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g .
P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h T q u c c m c c h p h n g n g a p h t h i n , u t r a n h n g n c h n t i p h m . T n h m c c h c a p h o n g t r o s p h n b i t n v i c c t r o l u h a y c c p h o n g t r o k h c .
K h n n g c a q u n c h n g l v ) i , s o n g k h n n g c h c g i t r t h c t , l n h o m t c c h c h t c h v k h o a h c . H a y n i c c h k h c p h i c c q u a n t p h p , g i o d c h n g d n , c c c h p h t h u y h t k h n n g v n c c a q u n c h n g . K h n g c t c h c , h n g d n t h h o t n g c a q u n c h n g c h c t n h c h t t p h t , l t . H n t h n a , l c l n g q u n c h n g l t p h p k h n g n g u v n h n t h c , k h c n h a u v p h o n g t c t p q u n , t h i q u n s i n h h o t , m i n g i , m i t n g l p , g i i t n h m a n g n h n g c i m v t m l , t n n g n g r t a d n g v p h c t p . T r o n g l c , n h n g h o t n g c a p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g i h i p h i h n g q u n c h n g v o m t m c t i u n h t n h . D o k h n g t h t h i u v a i t r c a c q u a n l n h o , t c h c t h n g n h t q u n c h n g l i .
X c n h r v a i t r q u n c h n g v t h n g x u y n c h n h t h c t c h c c c h o t n g t h u h t q u n c h n g v o g i i q u y t n h n g y u c u c a u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h t r t t l b i n p h p c b n c h i n l c c a l c l n g C n g a n .
- P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l m t b p h n g n b c h t c h v i c c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c t r o n g c n c .
T r o n g q u t r n h l n h o c c h m n g , n g t a t c h c n h i u c u c v n n g q u n c h n g g i i q u y t n h n g n h i m c k h c n h a u . C n g v i c c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c , p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c g p p h n t c h c c t h c h i n n h i m v x y d n g v b o v T q u c . N i d u n g c a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l m t t r o n g c c n i d u n g h o t n g a d n g c a q u n c h n g , n h p h o n g t r o s n x u t . t i t k i m , p h o n g t r o x y d n g n p s n g m i , c o n n g i . . .
G i a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c v c c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c c m i q u a n h k h n g k h t , t c n g h t r l n n h a u m t c c h t c h c c . C c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c g i i q u y t n h i m v n n h k i n h t n n g c a o v n h a , p h t t r i n t r n h d n t r , o c v c c c h u n m c q u a n h g i a c o n n g i v i c o n n g i . . . l n n t n g v n g c h c c h o p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c c p h t n g c h i u q u . P h n g n g a , n g n c h n u t r a n h k p t h i v i b n t i p h m , q u n l g i o d c t t n h n g p h n t c h m t i n , n n h t n h h n h a n n i n h , t r t t l i u k i n t t p h t t r i n c c p h o n g t r o k h c .
T r o n g t h c t i n , n h i u v n a n n i n h t r t t c g i i q u y t k h n g p h i b t n g u n t c n g t c t r n p t i p h m , m l i t v i c g i i q u y t t t c c m t k i n h t x h i k h c . N h i u c u c v n n g q u n c h n g n h m m c c h g i i q u y t c c v n a n n i n h t r t t l i p h i b t u t v i c v n n g q u n c h n g g i i q u y t c c v n v o c , n p s n g , t h o g i i n h n g m u t h u n t r o n g n i b q u n c h n g , c h n g l y h i u q u c a c c v n t h u h t s n g h c a q u n c h n g , k h i d y l n g n h i t t n h c a q u n c h n g , t p h p q u n c h n g .
R r n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l m t b p h n k h n g t h t c h r i c a p h o n g t r o c c h m n g c h u n g , b i v y k t q u c a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c k h n g t h t c h r i k t q u c h u n g c a c c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c .
P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l h n h t h c c b n t p h p , t h u h t n g d o q u n c h n g l a o n g v o g i i q u y t n h n g n h i m v t r a t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t .
T h n g q u a v i c t c h c p h o n g t r o b o v a n n i n h T q u c c h n g t a m i c i u k i n g i o d c , h n g d n n n g c a o n n g l c h o t n g c h o q u n c h n g . T h c t i n c h o t h y q u n c h n g c t r n h n h n t h c k h n g n g u , n h n g h i u b i t v a n n i n h t r t t c n r t h n c h , b i v y t h c h i n n h n g n h i m v u t r a n h t r a , c h n g t a k h n g t h k h n g t i n h n h c n g t c t u y n t r u y n , g i o d c n n g c a o n h n t h c c h o q u n c h n g .
P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l i u k i n c b n n h n d n l a o n g t h c h i n q u y n l m c h t r o n g g i i q u y t n h n g l i c h t h i t t h n c a m n h v a n n i n h , t r t t . C h n h b n g p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g , n h n d n l a o n g m i c i u k i n t h a m g i a v o c n g v i c x y d n g , q u n l n n a n n i n h - t r t t .
T u y n h i n t r o n g t h c t i n h o t n g c a x h i , v a i t r q u n c h n g c h c p h t h u y y t r o n g i u k i n c t c h c . n g t h i n h n g m c t i u t r a p h i p h h p v i k h n n g c a q u n c h n g . K h n g n n q u a n n i m r n g : q u n c h n g c t h l m c t t c , q u n c h n g l v n n n g , b i c n h n g l )n h v c h o t n g c a c n g t c u t r a n h , b o v c h c n h n g c q u a n c h u y n m n , m t t r n h n h t n h m i c t h g i i q u y t c .
P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c c v t r c b i t q u a n t r n g t r o n g c n g c u c u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h t q u c v g i g n t r t t a n t o n x h i . V v y , b i n p h p q u n c h n g l b i n p h p c b n c h i n l c , n h n g k h n g t h t h a y t h c c c b i n p h p n g h i p v k h c . V v y , t r o n g n h n t h c , t t n g c in g n h k h i c h o c t h , c h n g t a p h i h t s c c o i t r n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c v i y n g h )a c h i n l c c a n , n h n g n g t h i p h i t h y r v t r , t c d n g v m i q u a n h g i a b i n p h p n g h i p v k h c v i c c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c . C n h v y c h n g t a m i p h t h u y c s c m n h t n g h p , n g b g i a c c l c l n g c c b i n p h p , g i n h t h n g l i t r o n g c u c u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
I I . C n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
1 . C n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v a n n i n h t q u c l h o t n g t u y n t r u y n , g i o d c , t c h c , h n g d n q u n c h n g t h a m g i a x y d n g v b o v a n n i n h , t r t t c a t n c .
C n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v a n n i n h t q u c n h m m c c h t c h c , n g v i n m t p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g r n g l n , b a o g m m i t n g l p , d n t c , t n g i o , l a t u i v i t r n h v i u k i n h o n c n h s n x u t , c n g t c v s i n h h o t k h c n h a u , g i i q u y t c c y u c u b o v a n n i n h q u c g i a .
H o t n g c a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g c b i u h i n t h n g q u a c c h c n g t c v n n g , b a o g m : C c t c h c l m c n g t c v n n g ; c c n i d u n g v n n g ; c c h n h t h c , p h n g p h p , i t n g c a c n g t c v n n g .
M i t c h c t r n c n h n g c h c n n g , n h i m v r i n g t r o n g v n n g , t o n n n h n g s k t h p v i n h a u . i u i h i p h i p h n c n g r n h m c h n h i m v , c h c n n g v q u y n h n c a m i t c h c m i t h n g n h t h n h n g .
T c h c n g l c q u a n l n h o i v i c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g , b i v n g r a n g l i c h n h t r x y d n g c h n g h )a x h i . Q u a c h n h s c h c a n g b i u h i n l i c h c a n h n d n l a o n g . n g c i u k i n t h n g n h t h o t n g c a c c t c h c c h n h t r - x h i k h c .
L m t b p h n t r o n g t c h c N h n c , l c l n g C n g a n v i t c c h l m t c q u a n t c h c n n g t r c t i p q u n l c n g t c b o v a n n i n h - t r t t , c n h i m v t h n g q u a t h c t i n c h i n u c a m n h m t h a m m u c h o c p u n g v c h t r n g v n n g , h n g d n c c t c h c c h u y n m n t r o n g b m y N h n c v c c t c h c q u n c h n g l m t t c n g t c v n n g ; n g t h i t r c t i p t i n h n h c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v a n n i n h t r t t .
- H n h t h c v n n g q u n c h n g .
C c h n h t h c k h c n h a u c a h o t n g v n n g q u n c h n g c s d n g x u t p h t t h o n c n h c t h , t n h n g c i m c a i t n g v n n g .
T h c t i n c h o t h y c h a i h n h t h c p h b i n n h t t i n h n h c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g l : H n h t h c v n n g r n g r i c t n h c h t i c h n g v h n h t h c v n n g c b i t .
+ H n h t h c v n n g r n g r i l v i c t i n h n h c n g t c v n n g k h n g c s p h n b i t i t n g v n n g , m n t c n g v o q u n g i q u n c h n g t h u c m i t h n h p h n l a t u i .
H n h t h c v n n g r n g r i c b i u h i n d i d n g s d n g t h n g x u y n , l i n t c c c p h n g t i n t h n g t i n i c h n g , c c c h n g t r n h g i o d c , c c c u c h i t h o , t a m . . . t c n g n n g o q u n c h n g , h o c b i u h i n d i d n g c c t v n n g t p t r u n g c h o m t c h , m t a b n n o . C h n g h n , v n t n c n g t i p h m , v n t r u y q u t v n h o p h m i t r u p h n n g . . . N h n g t v n n g t p t r u n g c t h c h g i i h n m t v i a p h n g n o .
- H n h t h c v n n g c b i t l v i c t i n h n h c n g t c v n n g i v i t n g n g i h o c n h m n g i c t h . V i c x c n h c b i t p h t h u c v o m c c h v n n g . C h n g h n , v i c t i n h n h c n g t c v n n g i v i m t l i n h m c t i n b , v i m t g i l n g , v i m t c n b k h o a h c . . . s d n g h v o m t h o t n g n o . T r o n g i u k i n h i n n a y , v a i t r c a c c h n h t h c v n n g c b i t c n g t n g l n d o t r n h p h t t r i n c a q u n c h n g v m i m t , d o c c u n g h n g h i p , c c u t h n h p h n x h i a d n g h n .
V i c s d n g c c h n h t h c v n n g r n g r i , v n n g c b i t c a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g v p h i h p c c h n h t h c y v i n h a u c t c d n g b a o q u t t t c c c i t n g v n n g . K h n g n n i l p h n h t h c v n n g r n g r i v i h n h t h c c b i t m g i a c h n g c m i q u a n h c h t c h v i n h a u .
- P h n g p h p v n n g q u n c h n g .
P h n g p h p v n n g q u n c h n g l c c h t h c , b c i t r o n g q u t r n h v n n g q u n c h n g , b a o g m t v i c i u t r a n g h i n c u i t n g v n n g l p k h o c h , t i n h n h t u y n t r u y n g i o d c , t c h c , c h o n h n g d n h n h n g .
i t n g c a c u c u t r a n h g i g n a n n i n h t r t t r t a d n g v p h c t p , p h n g t h c , t h o n h o t n g c a c h n g c in g l u n t h a y i , d o p h n g p h p s d n g l c l n g q u n c h n g u t r a n h c in g r t a d n g . i u c t c n g r t l n n v i c l a c h n p h n g p h p v n n g q u n c h n g . T u y v y q u t r n h t i n h n h v n n g u p h i i t h e o m t q u y t r n h c h u n g t c h u y n b i n n h n t h c n h n h n g .
- i t n g c a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g l n h n g t p , n h n g n h m n g i , c c c n h n c h u s t c n g c a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g .
C t h n i y l b p h n q u a n t r n g n h t c n c h t r o n g c n g t c v n n g . B i c u t h n h l c l n g q u n c h n g r t a d n g , t r n h n h n t h c k h c n h a u , p h o n g t c t p q u n k h c n h a u , t n n g n g k h c n h a u , t m l k h c n h a u , i u k i n s n g v s i n h h o t k h c n h a u . . . D o i h i c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g p h i c h n h t h c , n i d u n g , p h n g p h p p h h p , t h m c h c n b v n n g c in g p h i c n n g l c p h h p t h m i c h i u q u . y l c i m c b i t c a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g .
2 . N h n g q u a n i m c b n v c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
- L y d n l m g c t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t l v n c n g h )a c h i n l c .
C c h m n g l s n g h i p c a q u n c h n g d o s n g h i p b o v a n n i n h t q u c c in g l s n g h i p c a q u n c h n g . V v y p h t n g k h t h c c h m n g c a q u n c h n g , x y d n g t h t r n a n n i n h n h n d n r n g k h p l m t v n c t n h c h i n l c l u d i b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
T h c t i n t h c h i n n h i m v b o v a n n i n h t q u c g i g n t r t t a n t o n x h i c in g c h o t h y : S n g h i p x y d n g v q u n l n n a n n i n h t r t t c a t n c , p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g t i p h m c t h i u q u h a y k h n g p h t h u c v o s n g g p t c h c c c a q u n c h n g . l y d n l m g c t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t t h h i n c h o : t i n v s c m n h , t i n n g , t r t h n g m i n h s n g t o c a n h n d n , k h n g n h n g c h d a v o d n t r o n g q u t r n h t c h c t h c h i n c c c h t r n g c h n h s c h m n g a y t r o n g t d u y , n g h i n c u , c h u n b x y d n g c h t r n g , c h n h s c h n q u t r n h t h c h i n , k i m t r a , g i m s t , u n n n , s a i c h n h s c h , s c h l c u t r a n h c in g p h i d a v o d n . P h i t h c s v n h n d n m p h c v , t t c v l i c h v h n h p h c c a n h n d n . T r o n g t o n b h o t n g c a m n h c n b c h i n s ) c n g a n p h i c t c p h o n g q u n c h n g , h c h i n h n g k i n h n g h i m c a n h n d n . C n t h y r n g c n g t c c n g a n k h n g p h i c h l c h u y n m n n t h u n , m c h n h l c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g n h m x y d n g t r n a a n n i n h t c s .
- n g l c t h c y p h o n g t r o l p n g l i c h t h i t t h c c a n h n d n , k t h p h i h o c c l i c h , t h n g n h t q u y n l i v i n g h )a v c a c n g d n .
L i c h t h i t t h c c a n h n d n t r o n g q u t r n h b a o g m b a y u t c b n : L i c h c n h n , l i c h t p t h v l i c h x h i . B a y u t g n b c h t c h v t h n g n h t v i n h a u . C n g t c v n n g v t c h c n h n d n c h c t h t h n h c n g n u t r c h t b o v v p n g c l i c h t h i t t h c c a n h n d n , t k t h p h i h o c c l i c h , g n c h t q u y n l i n g h )a v c n g d n .
L i c h t h i t c a n h n d n t r n l )n h v c a n n i n h t r t t l v i c m b o c c q u y n c b n c a c n g d n : q u y n c b n h n g t r c p h p l u t , q u y n c s n g m t c u c s n g y n v u i , t r t t , l n h m n h , c t h a m g i a q u n l n n a n n i n h t r t t c a t n c , s d n g c c c n g c c h u y n c h n h u t r a n h b o v m n h .
V k h a c n h t m l , h o t n g c a c o n n g i l u n h n g t i n h m t h o m n n h n g n h u c u c h n h n g c a m n h . D o m i k h i t h c c l i c h c o n n g i t r n n t g i c v l i n h h o t t r o n g h n h n g . G n c h t q u y n l i v n g h )a v l n i d u n g c t h c a q u y n l m c h c a n h n d n . N i n q u y n l m c h c a n h n d n k h n g t h k h n g n i n q u y n l i v n g h )a v c a c n g d n . B o m c h o q u y n l i v n g h )a v c a c n g d n c t h c h i n n g c h n h s c h v p h p l u t q u y n h l l m c h o q u y n l m c h c a n h n d n c n i d u n g t h i t t h c . Q u y n l i v n g h )a v c a c n g d n l h a i m t c a q u y n l m c h . H a i m t k h n g t c h r i n h a u , k h n g i l p n h a u k h n g c q u y n l i n o m k h n g c n g h )a v , v k h n g c n g h )a v n o m k h n g c q u y n l i . S t h n g n h t g i a m i q u y n l i v n g h )a v c a c n g d n l c i m n i b t c a c h x h i c h n g h )a x h i . V v y g i o d c c n g d n t h c h i n y q u y n l i v n g h )a v c a m n h l g p p h n t n g c n g t n h u v i t c a c h t a , l m c h o m i c n g d n t n t u k h i l m n g h )a v v h t s c n g m c t r o n g k h i h n g q u y n l i .
- T c h c x y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h i g n l i n v p h c v n h i m v x y d n g , p h t t r i n k i n h t - x h i .
N h i m v x y d n g v p h t t r i n k i n h t - x h i l n h i m v c h n h t r t r u n g t m c a c n c , l l i c h c a q u n c h n g . P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h i p h c v n h i m v c h n h t r , p h c v l i c h c a q u n c h n g t h m i m b o t h n g l i m i m b o p h t t r i n b n v n g .
K i n h t - x h i p h t t r i n l i u k i n q u a n t r n g t h u h p d n n h n g c s n y s i n h t i p h m .
K i n h t - x h i p h t t r i n , i s n g m i m t c n n g c a o s l m c h o q u n c h n g p h n k h i t i n t n g t g i c t h a m g i a c n g t c x h i . l n h n g t i n q u a n t r n g c h o c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g . N g c l i a n n i n h - t r t t c g i v n g l t i n c b n m b o c h o s p h t t r i n k i n h t - x h i c t h u n l i .
p h c v k p t h i c h o n h i m v k i n h t , x h i p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h i k t h p c h t c h v i c c c u c v n n g l n c a n g v N h n c , v i c c p h o n g t r o k h c c a c c n g n h , c c o n t h q u n c h n g l u n l u n g n c h t n i d u n g c a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c v i v i c b o v p h c v c h o c n g c u c x y d n g v p h t t r i n k i n h t , v n h o , x h i .
T h c t i n h o t n g c a p h o n g t r o t r o n g m y c h c n m q u a k h n g n h , n i n o , l c n o p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c b m s t v p h c v c l c c h o n h i m v c h n h t r t r u n g t m , g i i q u y t n h n g v n n n g b n g , t h i s , l i n q u a n n i s n g k i n h t - v n h o x h i c a q u n c h n g t h p h o n g t r o p h t t r i n t t , v n g c h c .
- V n n g q u n c h n g p h i g n l i n v i t n c n g t i p h m .
T r o n g t n h h n h q u n c h n g b t i p h m k h n g c h , u y h i p , k h n g t h n o t i n h n h c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g m t c c h b n h t h u n g c , t h p h i t n c n g , t r n p m n h t i p h m m i p h t n g c q u n c h n g . V i c t n c n g t i p h m p h i c t i n h n h b n g s c m n h p h i h p n g b c a c c l c l n g t r o n g t c h c c h n h q u y n , m n n g c t l c c n g n h n i c h n h ; b n g s p h i h p t r n m i l )n h v c t c h c v t t n g v p h i c t i n h n h m t c c h t h n g x u y n l i n t c . C n h v y m i t p t r u n g c s c h c a q u n c h n g , k h i d y l n g t i n , l n g n h i t t n h c a n h n d n , t o c h o p h o n g t r o h n h t h n h v p h t t r i n .
c n g t c t n c n g t i p h m t c h i u q u c a o p h i d a v o k h t h c a q u n c h n g c p h t n g . S n g h , c v i n h i t t n h c a n g o q u n c h n g l c h d a q u a n t r n g t t h u t h p t i n t c , p h t h i n i t n g t r n g i m , n h t r n g b n u s n g u y h i m . H n n a k h i k h t h u t r a n h c a q u n c h n g l n c a o , n g n n g a , g i o d c t i p h m , t h u h p d n d i n p h m t i , t h c y t i p h m r a u t h , t o n h i u t h u n l i c h o c n g t c t r n p .
- T c h c x y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h i g n l i n v i t c h c x y d n g l c l n g C n g a n n h n d n t r o n g s c h v n g m n h .
L c l n g C n g a n n h n d n t r o n g s c h v n g m n h t h c s v d n , c d n m n , d n t i n , d n n g h t h c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g s t h u n l i .
P h o n g t r o q u n c h n g v n g m n h p h t h u y c h i u q u c a n t r o n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t , q u n c h n g m n h i m n g y c n g n h i u c n g v i c x y d n g v q u n l n n a n n i n h t r t t , q u n c h n g t h c s t h a m g i a g p k i n x y d n g c h o l c l n g c n g a n . . . t h l n g l c g i p l c l n g c n g a n n n g c a o t i n h t h n c h i n u , t h c t c h c , k l u t , h n c h t i u c c , p h t h i n c n h n g s h , t h i u s t t r o n g c n g t c n g h i p v , l m c h o l c l n g C n g a n n g y c n g t r o n g s c h v n g m n h .
I I I . T c h c c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
1 . i u t r a n g h i n c u .
V n n g q u n c h n g x y d n g p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l m t v i c l m p h c t p i h i p h i c c n g t c i u t r a n g h i n c u c t h , s u s c v c k h o c h s t n g m i c t h v n n g , t c h c v h n g d n q u n c h n g c o h i u q u .
M c c h c a c n g t c i u t r a n g h i n c u n m t n h h n h l h i u y v t n h h n h q u n c h n g , h i u h o t n g c a c h , x c n h n h n g y u c u v b o v A N T T t r a n i d u n g m h n h t h c , p h n g p h p p h t n g p h h p v i t n h h n h t h c t i n .
N h n g v n c n i u t r a n g h i n c u m t a b n p h c v c h o c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b a o g m .
+ V t r , c i m c a a b n v c c m t c h n h t r , k i n h t , a n n i n h , q u c p h n g c l i n q u a n n a n n i n h q u c g i a v T T A T x h i .
+ T n h h n h m m u h o t n g c a b n p h n c c h m n g v t i p h m k h c ; n h n g h i n t n g n g h i v n v c h n h t r v h n h s ; t n h h n h t n n x h i ; n h n g h i n t n g t i u c c t r o n g h o t n g k i n h t - x h i c n h h n g n a n n i n h t r t t . C h k h a i t h c n h n g v n t h i s , c p b c h ; n h n g p h n g t h c t h o n m i c a i t n g , v y l c n c x c n h n i d u n g , x c n h i t n g u t r a n h c h o p h o n g t r o .
+ T n h h n h t r n h n h n t h c , p h o n g t c , t p q u n s i n h h o t , t m l , t n n g n g , t h c , t h i c a h i v i s n g h i p b o v A N T T ; t m t n g u y n v n g c a q u n c h n g v v n a n n i n h t r t t .
+ T n h h n h t h c h i n q u y n l m c h c a q u n c h n g t r o n g c n g t c b o v A N C T v T T A T x h i c a c c t c h c n g , c h n h q u y n , o n t h q u n c h n g . n h g i n g t h c t r n g c v m t t c h c c v t i u c c c a c c t c h c t r o n g x y d n g , b o v , p h t h u y q u y n l m c h c a q u n c h n g .
+ T n h h n h d i n b i n c a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c a b n t r o n g t n g t h i k , t m r a n h n g b i h c t h n h c n g , t h t b i , n h n g n g u y n n h n n o l m c h o p h o n g t r o p h t t r i n h o c s a u s t . c b i t c h k h a i t h c n h n g t r u y n t h n g t t p , n h n g i n h n h t i n t i n n g v i n q u n c h n g .
+ T n h h n h t c h c v h o t n g c a n g b , c h n h q u y n , c c o n t h q u n c h n g t r o n g l n h o , c h o , t c h c , n g v i n q u n c h n g t h a m g i a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c . V a i t r t h a m m u , h n g d n v h o t n g c a l c l n g c n g a n c s i v i c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g .
V i c n m t n h h n h p h c v c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g p h i c t i n h n h c v c h i u r n g l n c h i u s u v b n g n h n g p h n g p h p k h o a h c .
T r n b n h d i n r n g l n p h i t i n h n h i u t r a x h i h c , t n g k t , t h u t h p t h n g t i n t n h n g t i l i u s n c .
B n c n h p h i p h t h u y t c d n g c a c c l c l n g p n g t i n n g h i p v c a n g n h n h t h n g q u a m n g l i b m t , t h n g q u a b i n p h p q u n l h n h c h n h , x t h i i t n g . . . n h m t h u c n h n g t h n g t i n b n c h t n h t , k p t h i n h t .
2 . X c n h m c t i u , n i d u n g v n n g
M u n p h t n g v y m n h p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g , t r c h t p h i x c n h r m c t i u , n i d u n g c h o p h o n g t r o . r a m c t i u , n i d u n g n g n c h o P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l x c n h r n h n g y u c u t c , x c n h r p h m v i v m i l i n h c a n v i c c p h o n g t r o c c h m n g k h c .
K h i x c n h m c t i u , n i d u n g c a P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c c n p h i c n c v o n h i m v c h n h t r c a n g , c a a p h n g , n v ; t n h h n h , n h i m v v y u c u c a c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t q u c t r o n g t n g g i a i o n ; n h u c u , n g u y n v n g c a q u n c h n g v g i i q u y t n h n g v n a n n i n h , t r t t t n g n i , t n g l c .
T r o n g g i a i o n h i n n a y t u y s n g h i p i m i c a n g t a g i n h c n h n g t h n g l i b c u n h n g t n h h n h c h n h t r , k i n h t , x h i c a t n c a n g n g t r c n h n g k h k h n , t h t h c h m i d o c c t h l c t h c h t r o n g n c v n g o i n c , d o n h n g s h , s a i l m t r o n g q u n l k i n h t x h i g y n n . V v y P h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h i h n g t i m c t i u , n i d u n g v o p h c v s n g h i p u t r a n h b o v c n g c u c i m i c a n g .
T p h n g h n g t r n , p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c p h i p h n u t t i m c t i u c b n s a u y :
+ T n t r n g , b o v v p h t h u y q u y n l m c h c a n h n d n l a o n g , t h i h n h n g h i m c h n h c c c h n h s c h c a n g , p h p l u t c a N h n c , g p p h n t n g c n g s n h t t r v c h n h t r v t i n h t h n t r o n g n h n d n : x y d n g n p s n g t r t t , l n h m n h .
+ B o v t t c n g c u c i m i n n k i n h t , x h i ; b o v t i s n x h i c h n g h )a , c c c s v t c h t c a c h n g h )a x h i .
+ L m g i m d n v t n g b c l o i t r m i h o t n g t i p h m r a k h i i s n g x h i .
+ u t r a n h k h c p h c m i h i n t n g t i u c c , b i t r t n n , l m g i m n m c t h p n h t m i t a i n n x h i .
t n g b c t h c h i n c c m c t i u t r n , p h o n g t r o b o v a n n i n h T q u c v l u d i v t r c m t c n g i i q u y t t t c c n i d u n g s a u :
+ B o v a n n i n h c h n h t r .
+ B o v k i n h t t i s n x h i c h n g h )a , t i s n c a n h n d n .
+ B o v t r t t , a n t o n x h i .
B a n i d u n g t r n c m i q u a n h c h t c h v i n h a u . P h i c n c v o n h i m v c h n h t r c a n g , y u c u c a c u c u t r a n h b o v a n n i n h t q u c t r o n g t n g t h i g i a n t r n t n g a p h n g , t n g c s , t n g n g n h , v n d n g c h o t h c h h p .
T r o n g t n h h n h h i n n a y , n h i m v c t h c a p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c l v n n g q u n c h n g t h a m g i a t h c h i n c c n i d u n g s a u :
+ G i o d c n n g c a o t i n h t h n c n h g i c c c h m n g c a q u n c h n g , u t r a n h l m t h t b i m i m m u d i n b i n h o b n h b o l o n l t , c h n g h o t n g x m p h m p h h o i c a c h , c n g c c n g t c p h n g g i a n , b o m t , b o v n i b c c c q u a n n g , N h n c
+ T n g c n g k h i o n k t t o n d n , o n k t c c d n t c , o n k t l n g g i o , u t r a n h l m t h t b i m m u c h i a r c a c h , h o g i i c c m u t h u n n i b n h n d n .
+ X y d n g g i a n h , p h n g x , c q u a n , x n g h i p t h n h n v a n t o n , c m a n t o n , l i n k t c c c m t h n h t u y n a n t o n v a n n i n h t r t t .
+ C h n g , t c h c c t n c n g t i p h m , t h c y k u g i i t n g r a u t h , q u n l g i o d c c i t o i t n g .
+ C h n g c h p h h o i k i n h t g n v i c h n g t h a m n h in g , c h n g t r m c p , b u n l u , l m h n g g i b o v t i s n N h n c , b o v t h c h i n c c q u y c h q u n l k i n h t .
+ u t r a n h b i t r t n n x h i , g p p h n x y d n g c o n n g i m i , n n v n h o m i .
+ G p p h n x y d n g l c l n g c t c n c s , l c l n g c n g a n n h n d n t r o n g s c h v n g m n h .
N g h t h u t v n n g q u n c h n g c b i u h i n c h t n h n g n i d u n g h o t n g c a p h o n g t r o p h i c c t h n h n h n g k h u h i u h n h n g c v i q u n c h n g t h c h i n . K h u h i u p h i s t , n g c h o m i c u c v n n g , p h i g i i q u y t c y u c u n h i m v c h n h t r c t h , v a p n g y u c u n g u y n v n g t h i t t h a c a q u n c h n g , v a n u c h n g g i i q u y t v n . M u n v y p h i n g h i n c u t n h h n h t h c t v n h u c u c a q u n c h n g , v k i n h n g h i m g i i q u y t t n h h n h m x c n h .
3 . X y d n g k h o c h v n n g
K h o c h v n n g q u n c h n g l p h n g t i n q u a n t r n g h o n t h i n t c h c c n g t c v n n g q u a n c h n g , b o m s d n g c h i u q u c c h n h t h c , p h n g t i n , p h n g p h p v n n g , b o m c h o c c m c t i u , n i d u n g v n n g c t h c h i n m t c c h k h o a h c .
N i d u n g k h o c h v n n g b a o g m n h n g v n s a u :
+ n h g i t n h h n h .
T r o n g n h g i t n h h n h p h i c h r a c u , k h u y t i m c a c c t c h c c l i n q u a n n c n g t c v n n g ; n h n g t h n h t u v t n t i t r o n g c h u y n b i n t n h h n h A N T T , n h n g y u c u m i t r a c n p h i g i i q u y t ; t i n h t h n c n h g i c v t h c u t r a n h , h i u q u c a b i n p h p q u n c h n g ; t n h h n h h o t n g c a c c l o i i t n g ; c c v n c l i n q u a n n A N T T c n g i i q u y t n h t l n h n g v n n i l n t r c m t c n t p t r u n g m ii n h n u t r a n h .
+ r a n h n g y u c u , m c t i u c a c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g .
C n c r a m c t i u y u c u c h o c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g l s p h n t c h m t c c h k h o a h c k t q u i u t r a n g h i n c u t n h h n h a b n , x c n h n g n n h n g y u c u u t r a n h v k h n n g g i i q u y t y u c u b n g l c l n g q u n c h n g .
+ X c n h t n h t h c p h n g p h p t i n h n h .
T r o n g v n n g q u n c h n g c n h i u h n h t h c p h n g p h p s i n h n g , s o n g k h n g p h i h n h t h c p h n g p h p n o c in g c t c d n g n h n h a u m n c h p h t h u y t c d n g m i k h i n p h h p v i i t n g v n n g , v i h o n c n h a b n .
+ T c h c t h c h i n .
m b o c h o c n g t c v n n g c h i u q u , k h o c h v n n g c n p h i x c n h m t c c h r r n g t r c h n h i m c a c c c q u a n c h c n n g v s p h i h p h o t n g c a c c c q u a n ; c c b c t i n h n h t r i n k h a i c n g t c v n n g v v n t h i m r t k i n h n g h i m .
X y d n g k h o c h v n n g q u n c h n g l h o t n g c t c d n g v c h n g c h l i c h o c n g t c v n n g , m b o c h o c n g t c v n n g c t n h k h o a h c , t h i u q u c a o . D o t r o n g q u t r n h x y d n g k h o c h p h i p h t h u y d n c h , p h t h u y n l c c h u n g c a c c t c h c l m c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g , n g t h i p h i b i t h c h i c c k i n h n g h i m h a y c a n h n d n b s u n g , l m c h o k h o c h c s c s n g t h c t i n .
4 . T u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g
T u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g t r o n g c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g b o v A N T T c v a i t r q u a n t r n g c b i t , l m c h o q u n c h n g n h n t h c c v t r , n g h )a , q u a n t r n g c a c n g t c b o v A N T T , t h y c n g h )a v v q u y n l i c a m n h m t g i c t h a m g i a p h o n g t r o .
- C n g t c t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g c c c h a i h n h t h c c b n : t u y n t r u y n v c n g .
N g o i n h n g h n h t h c t r n c n c n h n g h n h t h c g i o d c q u n c h n g r t s i n h n g , c s c c v i t c n g r t m n h m . C h n g h n v i c x t x c n g k h a i m t n ; s d n g n h n g b i n p h p c n g c h h n h c h n h i v i m t s i t n g , v i c b a n b m t c h t r n g , c h n h s c h h p l n g d n , m t c u c t r a n h l u n c n g k h a i t r n b o c h . . .
- N i d u n g t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g .
+ T r c h t t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g n n g c a o c n h g i c t r c m i m m u v h o t n g p h h o i c a k c h v c c p h n t t h c h t r o n g n c c in g n h n g o i n c , v c h t r n b n c h t x u x a , n h a m h i m c a c h n g ; t h y c t n h c h t g a y g o p h c t p , q u y t l i t v l u d i c a c u c u t r a n h g i g n a n n i n h t r t t .
+ B i d n g c h o q u n c h n g n h n g h i u b i t v p h n g t h c , t h o n h o t n g c a c c l o i i t n g . i l i n v i v n l v i c c h r a n h n g c c h t h c p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h i u q u v i t n g i t n g , l m c h o q u n c h n g b i t t m n h t c h c c c h o t n g c h n g l i k t h . B i d n g c h o q u n c h n g h i u n g l i c h n h s c h p h p l u t , s n g v h n h n g t h e o p h p l u t . y l n h n g v n c t n h c h t n n t n g p h m g n g a m t c c h v n g c h c n h t , t r i t n h t . H n t h n a , c h n h s c h , p h p l u t l c n g c q u a n t r n g q u n c h n g u t r a n h v i n h n g h n h v i p h h o i , v i p h m c h n h s c h p h p l u t , t h c h i n t r i t q u y n l m c h c a q u n c h n g .
+ T u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g v n g h )a v v q u y n l i i v i v i c g i g n A N T T l m t t r o n g n h n g n g l c t t n g q u a n t r n g t h c y q u n c h n g h n h n g . C h k h i q u n c h n g t h c r r n g r n g : T c h c c t h a m g i a u t r a n h c h n g t i p h m l h n h n g t h i t t h c b o v c u c s n g y n v u i c a m n h ; A n n i n h c a m i c n h n , g i a n h , t p t h g n l i n c h t c h v i s y n n c a q u c g i a ; m i c n h n p h i c n g h )a v i v i m i n g i , v i t n c . . . t h m i n g v i n c q u n c h n g h n h n g , p h o n g t r o t o n d n b o v a n n i n h t q u c m i t r t h n h m t p h o n g t r o r n g k h p .
+ G i o d c q u n c h n g t h y c h n g r s n g u y h i c a n h n g t n t c h q u k h t r o n g h n h v i c o n n g i b i t r t n g c n h n g t n n x h i .
N h n g n i d u n g t u y n t r u y n g i o d c n u t r n c h l n h n g p h n g h n g c b n . T y t n h h n h c t h t n g n i , t n g l c m c n i d u n g t u y n t r u y n g i o d c t h c h h p , v n d n g m t c c h s n g t o , s t h p v i q u n c h n g , s c t c d n g n n g c a o c h t l n g , h i u q u t u y n t r u y n , g i o d c q u n c h n g .
- T h c t i n c a c n g t c t u y n t r u y n g i o d c c h o t h y , n i d u n g t u y n t r u y n g i o d c p h i t u n t h c c y u c u c b n s a u :
+ C h n t h t : l y u c u q u a n t r n g m b o c h o c n g t c t u y n t r u y n g i o d c t h n h c n g . S c h n t h t c a n i d u n g l b o m l n g t i n c a q u n c h n g , l c n g c n n g c a o t i n h t h n t r c h n h i m c h u n g t r n c s h i u r t h c t i n g p p h n g i i q u y t t h c t i n .
+ T h i t t h c , c t h : c h r a m t c c h c t h c c h g i i q u y t c c y u c u u t r a n h t r a .
+ R r n g , d h i u , h p v i t n g t r n h q u n c h n g n h n d n .
+ K p t h i , n h a n h n h y , p h h p v i n h u c u t h n g t i n c a q u n c h n g . T h n g x u y n t h e o s t t n h h n h t h c t i n n m b t , g i i t h c h , h o c p l i k p t h i c c l u n i u p h n t u y n t r u y n c a c h , h n h t h n h d l u n x h i c h n g l i s t n c n g c a k t h .
- C c p h n g p h p t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g :
P h n g p h p t i n h n h c n g t c t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g l c c h t h c e m n i d u n g t t n g t c n g v o i t n g n h m t c n h n g m c t i u n h t n h . T r o n g t h c t i n p h n g p h p t u y n t r u y n g i o d c r t a d n g , p h o n g p h , t r o n g n h n g p h n g p h p s a u y c t n h p h b i n n h t :
+ T h n g q u a c c h n h t h c s i n h h o t c a h t h n g t c h c c h n h t r , x h i .
T h n g q u a c c c u c s i n h h o t c a c c t c h c n g , N h n c , o n t h q u n c h n g l d i n n t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g .
K i n h n g h i m t h c t i n c h o t h y , c c t s i n h h o t c h n h t r r n g l n t h n g c h x o a y q u a n h m t n i d u n g n h t n h , t r o n g l c s q u a n t m c a m i t n g l p q u n c h n g i v i n i d u n g t h n g d i n r a n h i u m c k h c n h a u . D o p h i c h t m h i u i t n g g i o d c m b t r l i n i d u n g c h o t h c h h p l v i c c n t h i t . M t k h c t r o n g q u n c h n g t r n h n h n t h c c s c h n h l c h , c c y u t t m l , t p q u n . . . l c h n g n g i p h c t p . D o p h i b i d n g n n g c t , l y n n g c t l i k o , g i o d c q u n c h n g l v i c l m k h n g t h t h i u t r o n g t u y n t r u y n g i o d c t h e o p h n g p h p n y .
+ T u y n t r u y n m i n g .
T u y n t r u y n m i n g c l i t h l n g i n i t r c t i p g p g n g i n g h e , c i u k i n h i u t m t r n g q u n c h n g . H c t h b n b c , t r a o i , t r c t i p t r l i c u h i c a q u n c h n g , n h n n g a y c p h n n g c a n g i n g h e , d o s m i u c h n h n i d u n g c h o p h h p .
B n g l c l n g b o c o v i n , t u y n t r u y n v i n n h k b o c o m t t i n o c h o m t s q u n c h n g ; t c h c c c b u i t o m , t r a o i , h i p n h n g v n v A N T T m n h n d n n u r a . . . l n h n g c c h l m t h i t t h c , c h i u q u n h a n h c h n g .
T h c t i n c h o t h y , k c k h i h n h t h c , p h n g t i n t h n g t i n i c h n g p h t t r i n m n h m , t u y n t r u y n m i n g v n l m t p h n g p h p k h n g t h t h i u t r u y n t t h n g t i n k p t h i d p t t n h n g l u n i u p h n t u y n t r u y n .
+ S d n g p h n g t i n t h n g t i n i c h n g .
T h m n h c a c c p h n g t i n t h n g t i n i c h n g l t h n g t i n n h a n h , h n h t h c p h o n g p h a d n g , t h u h t s c h c a q u n c h n g , c m i c h n g t r n h , n i d u n g c h o m i l a t u i , m i t n g l p x h i . N g y n h h n g h n g n g y h n g g i n h n g t r i u q u n c h n g k h p m i n i , m i m i n c a t n c .
T r i t k h a i t h c n h n g p h n g t i n t h n g t i n i c h n g l p h n g p h p t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g c n h i u l i t h , s o n g p h i k h a i t h c n s a o c h o k h o a h c v c h i u q u . D o v y p h i n g h i n c u m t c c h k l n g i t n g t u y n t r u y n , g i o d c v t c d n g c a t n g l o i p h n g t i n , k h n g n g n g c i t i n h n h t h c , n i d u n g c a n .
+ a n i d u n g t u y n t r u y n g i o d c v o h t h n g g i o d c c c c p .
S p h o n g p h c a c c h n h t h c o t o c h t h n g t c h c , c h t c h , t h n g n h t t t h p n c a o , v i q u i m r n g l n l i u k i n t h u n l i t i n h n h c n g t c t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g . N h t r n g l n i o t o c n b , o t o c o n n g i c h t h n g k h o a h c , d o p h i b i n c c h o n c n h , i u k i n t h u n l i t r n t h n h h i n t h c . M t m t c n a v o c h n g t r n h h c t p t n g c p n h n g n i d u n g t h c h h p v l u t l v g i o d c c n g d n . . . , m t k h c c n c c h n g t r n h t u y n t r u y n c n g t h n g x u y n t r o n g c c t r n g h c v n i d u n g c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t r t t .
+ T h n g q u a c c h n h t h c s i n h h o t v n h o , n g h t h u t .
y l h n h t h c h p d n , t h u h t c q u n c h n g . C c h n h t h c s i n h h o t v n t h , i n n h , s n k h u c c l h i d n g i a n d i n r a h n h n g y , h n g g i k h p m i n i l n h n g m i t r n g t t g i o d c q u n c h n g t r o n g s h n g p h n c a o . V n q u a n t r n g l p h i c n h n g t c p h m , n h n g i n h n h t t m a n g t n h c h t g i o d c c a o , t o c d l u n l n n n h n g h n h v i i n g c l i l i c h c a q u n c h n g t h m i p h t h u y h t k h n n g t i m t n g c a h n h t h c n y .
5 . X y d n g c c h n h t h c t c h c q u n c h n g g i g n a n n i n h t r t t
B n c n h c c t c h c c h n h t r x h i n h c n g o n , o n t h a n h n i n , p h n , n n g h i . . . c n x y d n g c c l o i h n h t c h c q u n c h n g t q u n n h t a n n i n h n h n d n , t h o g i i , t s n b t c p . . . t h u h t h u h t d n c t r o n g c n c , t p h p c m i t n g l p c n g n h n , t r t h c , i d i n c c d n t c n a m , n , n h n g n g i t h u c c c t h h k h c n h a u .
T h n g q u a c c h n h t h c t c h c c a m n h , q u n c h n g c t p h p l i , t o r a s c m n h m i , b o m c h o q u y n l c c a q u n c h n g , t n g c n g n h h n g c a q u n c h n g t r n p t i p h m . T h n g q u a t c h c , q u n c h n g c b i d n g g i o d c n n g c a o t h c g i c n g c n g d n , t o n n n i m t i n v o s c m n h c a c n h n v t p t h m n h t r o n g u t r a n h , b o v n h n g l i c h c h n h n g c a m n h .
- N i d u n g c n g t c x y d n g t c h c q u n c h n g b a o g m :
+ X c n h l o i h n h t c h c .
L o i h n h t h n h t l p h t h u y v a i t r c c t c h c s n c . C n g t c b o v a n n i n h c h n h t r , t r t t x h i c in g l m t n i d u n g h o t n g c a c c t c h c x h i . B i v y t r c h t p h i n g h i n c u p h t h u y v a i t r c a c c t c h c c h n h t r x h i s n c t r o n g g i g n a n n i n h t r t t ( C n g o n , o n t h a n h n i n , p h n . . . . ) . D a v o c c t c h c s n c m t u y n l a l c l n g n n g c t c p h m c h t , n n g l c t r o n g l p r a c c t c h c c h c n n g n h i c n g n h n k i m t r a , T h a n h n i n c , P h n a n n i n h , T h i u n i n s a o . . .
L o i h n h t h h a i l c c t c h c q u n c h n g t q u n : y l l o i h n h t c h c q u n c h n g c h y u t h e o a b n d n c , t h u h t t t c m i c n g d n c n h i t t n h , n n g k h i u , u y t n . . . g i i q u y t n h n g y u c u u t r a n h t r a , c in g c h n h v v y m n r t p h o n g p h a d n g .
+ X c n h c h c n n g , n h i m v , q u y n h n c a t c h c .
T h c t i n c a v i c x y d n g c c l o i h n h t c h c q u n c h n g c h o t h y c n g x c n h m t c c h c t h c h c n n g n h i m v c h o t c h c q u n c h n g b a o n h i u , t h c n g p h t h u y v a i t r c a n b y n h i u . T r n h t n h t r n g t r a c h o c c t c h c n h n g n h i m v q u c h u n g c h u n g , l m c h o t c h c m t p h n g h n g h o t n g .
X c n h q u y n h n c a t c h c l t o i u k i n q u a n t r n g c h o t c h c h o t n g . Q u y n h n c a t c h c q u n c h n g t r o n g t h c t l q u y n c k i m t r a g i m s t , q u y n x l i v i n g i v i p h m , q u y n i l i , s d n g c c p h n g t i n c n t h i t c h o h o t n g c a t c h c v c c t h n h v i n . T t n h i n n h n g q u y n h n p h i c n g h i n c u m t c c h c h t c h t r n c s l u t p h p v n h n g i u k i n t h c t c h o p h p .
+ X c n h t i u c h u n n h n g n g i t h a m g i a :
m b o c h o t c h c q u n c h n g h o t n g c h i u q u t h c c t h n h v i n t h a m g i a t c h c p h i c n h n g t i u c h u n c t h , p n g v i y u c u n h i m v c a t c h c . N h n g t i u c h u n c x c n h d a t r n c s n h i m v v t n h c h t h o t n g c a t c h c . C h n g h n n u l t c h c l m c h c n n g q u n l , g i o d c i t n g t h p h i c n h n g c o n n g i c u y t n , n u l t c h c l m n h i m v t u n t r a , k i m s o t , h o t n g t r u y b t i t n g , t h c n c n h n g n g i c n n g l c c h i n u , c s c k h o . . . B n c n h n h n g t h n h v i n c a t c h c p h i c n h n g p h m c h t c n t h i t n h : t h c c n h g i c c c h m n g , l n g n h i t t n h , t g i c , t r n h g i c n g c h n h t r . . .
+ N g h i n c u p h n g t h c h o t n g v q u i n h m i q u a n h c a t c h c .
C c l o i h n h t c h c q u n c h n g r t p h o n g p h v a d n g , c h c n n g , n h i m v c a m i l o i h n h m a n g n h n g c t h r i n g , d o p h n g t h c h o t n g k h c n h a u . M t t c h c l m n h i m v t u n t r a , c a n h g c g i g n t r t t c n g c n g t h p h n g t h c h o t n g c a n n h t t h i t p h i k h c v i p h n g t h c h o t n g c a m t t c h c l m n h i m v g i o d c , q u n l i t n g .
C c m i q u a n h c a t c h c q u n c h n g v i c c t c h c , c q u a n l i n q u a n l q u a n h v i c q u a n c h u s l n h o , v i c q u a n t c h c q u n l , v i c q u a n h n g d n . . . M i m i q u a n h p h i c t h c h t h n h q u i n h t r c h n h i m t r o n g p h i h p h o t n g c a m i b n , t h m i t o c n h n g i u k i n t h u n l i c h o t c h c q u n c h n g h o t n g .
+ X c n h c c h n h t h c k h u y n k h c h v k l u t .
n g v i n t n h t c h c c c a q u n c h n g t r o n g h o t n g , c n c n h n g q u i n h c t h v c c h n h t h c k h u y n k h c h i v i c c t h n h v i n . T u h o n c n h c t h c a m i n i m p d n g n h n g h n h t h c k h u y n k h c h b n g t i n h t h n , b n g v t c h t . T r o n g n h i u t r n g h p p h i c c h n h s c h t h c h n g , t h e o c h c h u n g c a N h n c . m b o c s c h o c c h n h t h c k h u y n k h c h q u n c h n g c n p h i c b i n p h p h u y n g b n g n h i u h n h t h c k h c n h a u . i l i n v i q u y n l i l n h n g q u i n h v k l u t g n q u y n l i v n g h )a v c a c c t h n h v i n v i t c h c , h n c h n h n g t i u c c v s a i s t n y s i n h t r o n g q u t r n h h o t n g c a n .
- P h n g p h p x y d n g t c h c q u n c h n g .
H o t n g x y d n g t c h c q u n c h n g p h i t u n t h c c b c s a u :
+ t t n c h o t c h c : t n g i c a m i l o i h n h t c h c x c n h , i l i n t h e o l t n h c h t c a l c l n g t h n h v i n t h a m g i a .
+ G i i t h i u v m c c h , n h i m v , p h n g t h c h o t n g , h n h t h c n g v i n k h e n t h n g . . . m t c c h c n g k h a i , r n g r i t r o n g q u n c h n g ; t c h c c n g t c t u y n t r u y n c h o v i c x y d n g t c h c n h m t h u h t s c h , n g t n h n g h c a q u n c h n g i v i t c h c .
+ T c h c t h o l u n , l y k i n q u n c h n g v t c h c , v c c c t h n h v i n p h i t r n c s t n g u y n v t n n h i m c a q u n c h n g .
+ Q u y t n h t h n h l p v r a m t h o t n g c h o t c h c .
y l t h t c c n t h i t v a m a n g t n h c h t t u n t h p h p l u t , v a n g v i n k h c h l c c t h n h v i n c a t c h c . n g t h i g n t r c h n h i m , n g h )a v c a c c t h n h v i n v i t c h c m m n h t h a m g i a .
+ T c h c t p h u n n i q u i , q u i c h , c h c n n g n h i m v , p h n g p h p h o t n g v n h n g q u y n h n c a t c h c t h e o n h n g q u i n h c h u n g c a i u l . n g t h i , c q u a n c h u y n m n p h i t p h u n n g h i p v c h o c c t h n h v i n , t r u y n t n h n g k i n h n g h i m x l i v i c c t n h h u n g c t h x y r a t r o n g q u t r n h t h i h n h n h i m v . P h i t r a n g b p h n g t i n v t c h t c n t h i t c h o h o t n g c a t c h c .
V i c x y d n g c c h n h t h c t c h c q u n c h n g l m n h i m v b o v a n n i n h t r t t c t c d n g b o m q u y n l m c h c a q u n c h n g , n g t h i t o l p l c l n g n n g c t c h o p h o n g t r o . D o c q u a n c h u y n m n c n c h n g n g h i n c u n h i u h n h t h c a d n g , t h u h t n g o q u n c h n g t h a m g i a . N h n g c in g p h i t r n h t n h t r n g h n h t h c , c h y t h e o s l n g l m g i m s t l n g n h i t t n h c a q u n c h n g .
6 . H n g d n q u n c h n g t h c h i n n h i m v b o v a n n i n h t q u c
H n g d n q u n c h n g t h c h i n n h i m v b o v a n n i n h t r t t l b i d n g c h o q u n c h n g b i t c c h t r c t i p t m n h h n h n g m t c c h k h o a h c , c h i u q u , t r o n g t h c h i n c c y u c u n h i m v v x y d n g v q u n l n n a n n i n h - t r t t t n g c s ; b i t p h n g n g a , p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h i u q u v i n h n g h o t n g p h h o i c a c c t h l c p h n c c h m n g , c a b n p h m t i k h c v n h n g h u q u d o s l c h u , d o n h n g n h h n g t i u c c k h c g y n n .
- N i d u n g c a c n g t c h n g d n .
+ X c n h c c m c t i u , y u c u p h i g i i q u y t b n g b i n p h p q u n c h n g .
N h n g m c t i u y u c u c t h c a c n g t c h n g d n r t a d n g d o y u c u c a c n g t c u t r a n h d d t r a t r o n g t n g t h i i m , t n g v n , t n g t n h h u n g n g h i p v m c t h g i i q u y t c b n g l c l n g q u n c h n g .
C h n g h n h o t n g c a q u n c h n g c n t c k t q u g , m c n h t h n o t r o n g t n c n g c h n h t r m t t c h c p h n c c h m n g , t r o n g c h n g c h p h h o i t t n g h a y t r o n g q u n l g i o d c c i t o i t n g .
+ N g h i n c u p h n g t h c , t h o n h o t n g c a i t n g u t r a n h , c c n h h n h t h c , p h n g p h p h n g d n q u n c h n g .
T h c t i n c h o t h y i t n g c n h i u l o i v h o t n g c a c h n g r t k h c n h a u , d o p h i n g h i n c u y v p h n g t h c t h o n h o t n g c a c h n g t h m i h n g d n q u n c h n g c h i u q a . C h n g h n , h n g d n q u n c h n g p h t h i n , u t r a n h v i h o t n g c a b n g i n i p k h c v i v i c h n g d n q u n c h n g p h t h i n , u t r a n h v i b n m c n i t c h c n g i t r n i n c n g o i h a y k h c v i h n g d n q u n c h n g u t r a n h v i h o t n g c a m t l i n h m c p h n n g . . . V i c n g h i n c u p h n g t h c t h o n h o t n g c a i t n g u t r a n h l m t n i d n g k h n g t h t h i u c t r o n g h o t n g c a c n g t c h n g d n .
+ N g h i n c u k h n n g u t r a n h c a q u n c h n g t r o n g g i i q u y t c c m c t i u , y u c u t r a .
V i c n g h i n c u k h n n g u t r a n h c a q u n c h n g c t r a b i k h n n g c a q u n c h n g k h n g p h i l v t n , k h n g p h i l v n n n g , c n h n g l )n h v c , n h n g y u c u u t r a n h c h c c q u a n c h u y n m n m i c t h g i i q u y t c .
K i n h n g h i m t h c t i n c h o t h y k h n n g u t r a n h c a q u n c h n g t h n g b c n t r d o h a i y u t c b n . M t l , d o p h n g t h c , t h o n h o t n g c a i t n g t i n h v i , x o q u y t . H a i l , k h n n g t i m t n g c a q u n c h n g b c n t r b i n h n g t h i q u e n , p h o n g t c t p q u n , t n n g n g , n h n t h c , t m l v . v . . .
- P h n g p h p h n g d n t h c h i n n h i m v :
P h n g c h m h n g d n c h u n g l i t t h p n c a o , t n g i n n p h c t p , t v i c b o v n h n g l i c h c n h n , t r c m t n b o v l i c h l u d i c a t p t h c a x h i ; t c h b o v n h n g l i c h k i n h t n t h u n , n b o v n g l i c h n h s c h c a n g ; t v i c b m t t g i c h o c c u n g c p t i l i u , t i n t c v h o t n g c a b n t i p h m , c h o n c n g k h a i u t r a n h t r c d i n v i c h n g m t c c h c t c h c .
P h n g p h p h n g d n t h c h i n c c n h i m v b o v a n n i n h t r t t p h t h u c v o t h c t i n t n h h n h t n g n i , t n g l c n h n g t p t r u n g v o c c n i d u n g c b n s a u :
+ H n g d n t c h c x y d n g n n a n n i n h t r t t t n g c s n h : X y d n g c n g c s n h t t r v c h n h t r , v n h n g m c t i u x y d n g C N X H c a n g , t n t r n g v b o v c c n g l i , c h t r n g , c h n h s c h , p h p l u t ; X y d n g p h n g , x , c q u a n x n g h i p a n t o n ; X y d n g i n g i c t c n c s t r o n g s c h v n g m n h ; X y d n g v t h c h i n t t c c n i q u y , q u y c h v b o v A N T T t n g c s .
+ H n g d n c c h o t n g m a n g t n h p h n g n g a , k h n g n y s i n h n h n g s h t h i u s t m k c h , n h n g p h n t x u c t h l i d n g n h ; G i i q u y t t t c c m u t h u n , x u n g t t r o n g n i b ; L m t t c n g t c t h c y k u g i n h n g n g i p h m t i r a u t h ; q u n l , g i o d c c i t o n h n g i t n g c i t o t i c h ; q u n l g i o d c t h a n h t h i u n i n c h m t i n ; g i o d c n h n g n g i m t n l c h u .
+ H n g d n t h a m g i a p h t h i n n h n g b i u h i n x m p h m a n n i n h , t r t t n h : n h n g s v i c , h i n t n g , c o n n g i c b i u h i n n g h i v n c h o t n g p h m t i ; n h n g t i u c c t r o n g h o t n g k i n h t , x h i c n h h n g n a n n i n h t r t t . . .
+ H n g d n q u n c h n g u t r a n h g i i q u y t n h n g y u c u c t h c n g t c b o v a n n i n h t q u c .
N h n g h o t n g m a n g t n h c h t u t r a n h , g i i q u y t c c y u c u b o v a n n i n h t r t t t r a t r o n g t h c t i n c h i n u r t a d n g p h o n g p h . n g v i m i l o i y u c u , m i l o i i t n g , m i t n h h u n g l m t p h n g p h p c t h , k h c n h a u . T u y n h i n t r o n g n h n g t r n g h p s a u , p h n g p h p c h u n g g i i q u y t y u c u b o v a n n i n h t r t t l :
+ n h n g n i q u n c h n g c n b b n p h n c c h m n g k h n g c h , e d o p h i h n g d n q u n c h n g p h t h i n v c n g q u y t t r n p , p t a n u y t h c a c h , t o l n g t i n , k h u y n k h c h q u n c h n g u t r a n h .
T r o n g t h c t , s c m n h t i m t n g c a q u n c h n g n h i u k h i b t l i t t r c h o t n g c a m t s i t n g . C h n h v v y , t r n p c k t h l k h i n g c c n t r c h y u , t h u h t c q u n c h n g .
K i n h n g h i m c h o t h y t n c n g v l m c h l q u y l u t p h t t r i n c a p h o n g t r o c c h m n g c a q u n c h n g . K h i b n t i p h m l n g h n h , q u y n l m c h c a q u n c h n g b u y h i p , n g i n g a y s k g i a n , t h p h i t p h b n g t n c n g t r n p m n h m t i p h m . . . m i p h t n g c p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g . V t n c n g p h t h u y c h i u q u c a o , d u y t r l i n t c , t h p h i d a v o p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g c p h t n g .
T t n h i n , c h d a q u a n t r n g m b o c h o s t n c n g , t r n p c a q u n c h n g l c c c n g c b o l c c a c h u y n c h n h v s n . l s p h i h p h o t n g c a c n g a n , c in g n h c c l c l n g v i t r a n g , h n h p h p k h c h t r c h o q u n c h n g .
+ v n g d n t c t n g i , p h i h n g d n q u n c h n g t n g v i c l m c t h g p p h n b o v v i c t h c h i n c h n h s c h d n t c c a n g , u t r a n h c h n g c c h o t n g c a b n p h n n g l i d n g d n t c .
H n g d n q u n c h n g c c d n t c t n g i u t r a n h c h n g c c h o t n g c a b n p h n n g l i d n g d n t c t n g i l h n g c c h o t n g c a q u n c h n g v o p h t h i n , u t r a n h c h n g l i c c l u n i u t u y n t r u y n , k c h n g g y h n t h d n t c ; n g n c h n h o t n g m c n i p h t t r i n l c l n g v i t r a n g p h n n g ; b a o v y c t t t i p t , p h t h i n p h n t n m v n g ; t n c n g c h n h t r k u g i s r n g v h n g ; t c h c t u n t r a c a n h g i c b o v b u n p , l n g b n ; t h a m g i a t r u y q u t v i t a n g s n g o a n c c h n g i ; q u n l g i o d c c i t o n h n g p h n t l c h u . . . M i v i c l m p h i c h r a n h n g c c h g i i q u y t c t h v p h i c h n g m c n k h n n g n h n t h c , p h o n g t c t p q u n c a n h n d n .
+ n h n g v n g c n h i u n g b o t h e o o , c n g t c h n g d n p h i l m c h o q u n c h n g h i u r c h n h s c h t n g i o c a n g , c n h g i c v k i n q u y t u t r a n h , t r n p b n p h n n g . V n n g q u n c h n g t r o n g c n g t c t n g i o t n g c n g o n k t c n g t o n d n n l c x y d n c h n g h )a x h i v b o v T q u c X H C N . y m n h v i c t r a n h t h , c i t o g i o s ), c i t o g i o h i t h e o h n g p h c t n g N h n c , i v i d n t c v C N X H . n g t h i t c h c c t u y n t r u y n g i o d c q u n c h n g , n h t l l p t r v n h n s i n h q u a n , t h g i i q u a n c c h m n g , k h o a h c , g i p c h o q u n c h n g d n d n t h o t k h i m t n l c h u .
+ T r o n g c c c q u a n x n g h i p n v t p t h c n g t c h n g d n p h i t p t r u n g t c h c c n b , c n g n h n v i n c h c , b i , s i n h v i n . . . t h a m g i a c c m t c n g t c b o v b m t N h n c , b o v a n t o n n h n g b p h n q u a n t r n g , s n p h m k t h u t c b i t ; p h n g n g a h o t n g p h h o i t t n g , p h t h i n x l k p t h i n h n g p h n t p h n c c h m n g h o c p h n t x u c h u i v o n i b , g y r i , p h h o i h o c l i d n g c h c v u c t r c l i ; x l n g h i m m i n h n h n g p h n t t h o i h o b i n c h t , v i p h m n g h i m t r n g q u y n l m c h c a n h n d n , n c p , h i l , c h i p q u n c h n g .
H n g d n q u n c h n g h o g i i c c m u t h u n n y s i n h t r o n g c u c s n g , k h n g n h n g m u t h u n c h u y n h o t h n h v n c h n h t r . y l y u c u c t n h t h i s t r o n g t n h h n h h i n n a y .
N h n g m u t h u n t r o n g n i b n h n d n x u t h i n r t a d n g v m i t h i k m i g i a i o n l c h s x h i n m a n g n h n g n i d u n g k h c n h a u . H i n n a y t r o n g x h i c n b c l n h i u m u t h u n d o c n t n t i n h i u t h n h p h n k i n h t , t c p h o n g q u a n l i u , m n h l n h , t l i . . . V v y n h n g m u t h u n c t r n g t h n g c l : M u t h n t r o n g b n t h n t n g g i a i c p , t n g l p v g i a c c g i a i c p , t n g l p ; M u t h u n g i a l i c h N h n c , l i c h t p t h v l i c h c n h n ; M u t h u n d n c h v t p t r u n g ; L n h o v i v l n h o , g i a c c t c p h o n g q u a n l i u , m n h l n h v i q u n c h n g .
C c m u t h u n k h n g p h i l m u t h u n i k h n g . N h n g n u g i i q u y t k h n g t h c h n g , h o c m t c n h g i c , t l i t , n n g n i t h c in g c t h x y r a i k h n g . C h n h v v y m k h n g t h p d n g b i n p h p c h u y n c h n h t r o n g g i i q u y t m u t h u n m p h i d n g p h n g p h p g i o d c , t h u y t p h c , t h o l u n , p h b n h v t p h b n h l c h n h .
T r o n g q u t r n h h n g d n p h i c h p h t h i n n h n g i t n g c m u , x i b y ; x c n h r n g u y n n h n , n g c . N u l i t n g p h n c c h m n g t h p h i n g h i m t r , c n i v i q u n c h n g p h i g n g ii g i p h n h n r a s a i s t t h t p h c l i q u n c h n g k h c .
+ H n g d n q u n c h n g t h a m g i a q u n l g i o d c c i t o t i c h c c l o i i t n g l u n l u n l m t y u c u c t n h c h i n l c i v i c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g .
T h c t i n c h o t h y t r o n g x h i t h n g x u y n t n t i m t s l n g k h n h i u n h n g n g i v i p h m p h p l u t n h i u m c k h c n h a u , q u a n t h i g i a n c h u s c n g c h c a p h p l u t h o c a n g t r o n g t h i g i a n p h i c h u s q u n l g i o d c c i t o t i c h . N h n g n g i s i n h s n g v l m v i c k h p m i a b n d n c . C n p h i l m c h o h c i t q u i c h n h , k h n g t i p h m , c c h c h o x h i . l m t v i c l m m a n g t n h n h n v n s u s c . V v y , c n g t c v n n g q u n c h n g t h a m g i a q u n l g i o d c c i t o i t n g p h i l u n c c h t r n g .
c n g t c h n g d n q u n c h n g t h a m g i a q u n l g i o d c i t n g c h i u q u , t r c h t p h i c s p h n l o i i t n g m t c c h r r n g , v t r o n g s h t n h c h t , m c v i p h m k h c n h a u , t h i t i p t h u s g i o d c c i t o k h c n h a u , d o p h n g p h p t c n g k h c n h a u .
P h n g p h p c b n c i t o g i o d c i t n g l d n g g i o d c , t h u y t p h c c m h o l c h n h . V v y c n p h i c h p h t h u y c a o v a i t r c a g i a n h , b n b t h n t h c h , n h n g n g i c u y t n v c c t c h c c h n h t r x h i c a q u n c h n g .
+ H n g d n q u n c h n g t c n g , t h c y i t n g p h m t i a n g t r n t r n h p h p l u t r a u t h l m t h o t n g m a n g t n h n h n o s u s c c a p h o n g t r o q u n c h n g b o v A N T Q .
h n g d n q u n c h n g h o t n g t c n g t h c y i t n g r a t t h c h i u q u , t r o n g q u t r n h h n g d n c n c h p h t h i n n h n g n g i c u y t n , b i d n g c h o h n h n g h i u b i t v c h n h s c h v p h p l u t , c c h t h u y t p h c g i o d c l m c h o i t n g t h y r s n h n o c a n g v N h n c , t h y r y l c c h t c u m n h m t n g u y n h n h n g .
P h n g p h p c h u n g l l y t n h c m , l y l l , p h n t c h l i h i k h u y n c a n , k i n t r t h u y t p h c i t n g , v n n g n h n g n g i k h c c n h h n g t t v i i t n g c n g t c n g .
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