ࡱ> q` ~MbjbjqPqP <::k&000DDDD8DT8FDwcFG"0G0G0GH2AH]HZb\b\b\b\b\b\b$eh{gzb0>J HH>J>Jb0G0G1c```>JR0G00GZb`>JZb``"0`0GF Ro,DJt`FbGc0wc`gL_g`g0`xmHvHT`7ID{ImHmHmHbbd`jmHmHmHwc>J>J>J>JDDD=DDDDDDDD Chuyn  7 Ni dung c bn ca Lut: Quc phng; an ninh quc gia; ngha v qun s; gio dc quc phng v an ninh; Dn qun t v; Bin gii quc gia; bin Vit Nam; php lnh d b ng viN  thc hin thng li hai nhim v chin lc xy dng v bo v vng chc T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a, Nh nc phi c th ha cc quan im, ng li ca ng thnh nhng vn bn php lut, lm c s php l trong t chc trin khai thc hin. Nhng nm qua, h thng vn bn php lut ca nc ta  tng bc c b sung hon thin, trong  c nhiu vn bn lut v thc hin nhim v quc phng, an ninh, p ng c yu cu ca thc tin.  cc vn bn php lut v quc phng, an ninh tip tc php huy hiu qu trong cuc sng, vic nghin cu ni dung cc vn bn php lut trong gio dc quc phng, an ninh c vai tr rt quan trng. Chuyn  gii thiu nhng ni dung c bn ca lut: Quc phng; An ninh quc gia; Ngh)a v qun s; Gio dc quc phng v an ninh; Dn qun t v; Bin gii quc gia; Bin Vit Nam v Php lnh v lc lng D b ng vin, lm c s cho mi cp, mi ngnh, cc c quan, t chc v nhn dn nhn thc y v ngh)a v v trch nhim, tch cc tham gia thc hin nhim v bo v T quc. Chuyn  bin son da vo: Lut Quc phng nm 2005; Lut An ninh quc gia nm 2004; Lut Ngh)a v qun s sa i b sung nm 2005; Lut Gio dc quc phng v an ninh nm 2013; Lut Dn qun t v nm 2009; Lut Bin gii quc gia nm 2003, Lut Bin Vit Nam nm 2012 v Php lnh v lc lng D b ng vin nm 1996. Chuyn  dng cho bi dng kin thc quc phng, an ninh i tng 2, c th tham kho cho cc i tng khc. I. LUT QUC PHNG 1. Khi qut chung Quc phng l cng cuc gi nc bng sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn tc, trong  sc mnh qun s l c trng, lc lng vi trang nhn dn lm nng ct. Lut Quc phng l o lut khung v quc phng, c ban hnh nhm to c s php l cho nhim v xy dng v hon thin h thng vn bn php lut v nhim v bo v T quc. Lut Quc phng s 39/2005/QH 11 quy nh chnh sch quc phng, nguyn tc, ni dung c bn v hot ng quc phng; hot ng ca lc lng vi trang nhn dn; nhim v, quyn hnh ca c quan, t chc; quyn v ngh)a v ca cng dn v quc phng; c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kho XI, k hp th 7 thng qua ngy 14 thng 6 nm 2005, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2006. Lut gm 9 chng, 51 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca lut a) Nhng quy nh chung - Chnh sch quc phng: Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam cng c v tng cng quc phng  xy dng v bo v vng chc T quc. Thc hin ch quyn ton vn lnh th quc gia bao gm t lin, cc o, qun o, vng bin, lng t v vng tri; s dng cc bin php chnh ng, thch hp  ngn chn, y li, nh bi mi m mu v hnh ng xm lc bng bt k hnh thc no. Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam thc hin i ngoi quc phng ph hp vi chnh sch i ngoi c lp, t ch, rng m, a phng ho, a dng ho cc quan h quc t, sn sng l bn, l i tc tin cy ca cc nc trong cng ng quc t, phn u v ho bnh, c lp v pht trin, chng chin tranh di mi hnh thc; m rng hp tc v quc phng vi cc nc lng ging v trn th gii trn nguyn tc tn trng c lp, ch quyn v ton vn lnh th, khng can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nhau, bnh ng, cng c li, v ho bnh, ph hp vi php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t c lin quan m Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin. Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam ghi nhn cng lao v khen thng thch ng nhng t chc, c nhn c thnh tch xut sc trong s nghip cng c, tng cng quc phng v bo v T quc. Mi m mu v hnh ng chng li c lp, ch quyn, thng nht v ton vn lnh th ca T quc, chng li s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a u b nghim tr theo php lut. - Nguyn tc hot ng quc phng: Tun th Hin php v php lut ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, t di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, s qun l thng nht ca Nh nc. Huy ng sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn tc v ca c h thng chnh tr, trong  lc lng vi trang nhn dn lm nng ct. Kt hp cht ch gia pht trin kinh t - x hi vi tng cng quc phng; gia tng cng quc phng vi pht trin kinh t - x hi. Xy dng nn quc phng ton dn, th trn quc phng ton dn gn vi th trn an ninh nhn dn. Kt hp vi hot ng an ninh v hot ng i ngoi. - Quyn v ngh)a v ca cng dn v quc phng: Bo v T quc l ngh)a v thing ling v quyn cao qu ca cng dn. Cng dn phi trung thnh vi T quc, lm ngh)a v qun s, c gio dc v quc phng v hun luyn qun s; tham gia dn qun t v, phng th dn s; chp hnh nghim chnh cc bin php ca Nh nc v ngi c thm quyn khi t nc c tnh trng chin tranh hoc tnh trng khn cp v quc phng theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. Cng dn phc v trong lc lng vi trang nhn dn hoc c huy ng lm nhim v trong tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng khn cp v quc phng nu b thng, tn hi v sc khe, thit hi v tnh mng th bn thn v gia nh c hng ch  chnh sch theo quy nh ca php lut. - Trng mua, trng dng ti sn ca c nhn, t chc v l do quc phng: Trong trng hp tht cn thit v l do quc phng, Nh nc trng mua, trng dng c bi thng ti sn hp php ca c nhn, t chc theo thi gi th trng. Vic trng mua, trng dng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut. - Ni dung xy dng nn quc phng ton dn: Xy dng chin lc bo v T quc, k hoch phng th t nc; xy dng thc lc v tim lc quc phng vng mnh ton din, xy dng khi i on kt ton dn v h thng chnh tr vng mnh. Xy dng lc lng vi trang nhn dn lm nng ct, vng mnh ton din, c sc chin u cao; xy dng Qun i nhn dn v Cng an nhn dn cch mng, chnh quy, tinh nhu, tng bc hin i. Thc hin gio dc quc phng trong c quan, t chc v i vi cng dn. u t xy dng c s vt cht, k thut cho nn quc phng ton dn; nghin cu hon thin chin lc v ngh thut qun s Vit Nam; pht trin cng nghip quc phng, khoa hc cng ngh qun s; huy ng tim lc khoa hc, cng ngh ca Nh nc v nhn dn phc v quc phng, ng thi ng dng thnh tu khoa hc cng ngh qun s ph hp  xy dng t nc. Chun b k hoch ng vin quc phng v cc iu kin cn thit bo m thc hnh ng vin quc phng trong tnh trng chin tranh hoc trong tnh trng khn cp v quc phng. Ni dung chun b k hoch ng vin quc phng do Chnh ph quy nh. Xy dng khu vc phng th vng mnh v mi mt; tng cng tim lc quc phng, an ninh  a bn trng im, vng dn tc, min ni, bin gii, hi o. Xy dng v m bo thc hin cc ch , chnh sch ph hp vi iu kin, tnh cht hot ng ca lc lng vi trang nhn dn, cc chnh sch i vi gia nh ca ngi phc v trong lc lng vi trang nhn dn. Xy dng v t chc thc hin k hoch, bin php phng th dn s trong phm vi c nc. Qun l Nh nc v quc phng, xy dng v hon thin h thng php lut v bo v T quc. - Kt hp pht trin kinh t - x hi vi tng cng quc phng: Nh nc c k hoch, chng trnh kt hp pht trin kinh t - x hi vi tng cng quc phng ph hp vi chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi v chin lc bo v T quc trong tng thi k. b) Lc lng vi trang nhn dn - Lc lng vi trang nhn dn gm: Qun i nhn dn, Cng an nhn dn, Dn qun t v. Lc lng vi trang nhn dn phi tuyt i trung thnh vi T quc v nhn dn, c nhim v sn sng chin u, chin u bo v c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc, an ninh quc gia v trt t, an ton x hi, bo v ch  x hi ch ngh)a v nhng thnh qu cch mng, cng ton dn xy dng t nc. Nghim cm vic thnh lp n v vi trang tri php lut. - Nguyn tc hot ng v s dng lc lng vi trang nhn dn: Lc lng vi trang nhn dn t di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, s thng l)nh ca Ch tch nc, s qun l thng nht ca Chnh Ph. Vic s dng lc lng vi trang nhn dn v p dng bin php qun s trong tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng khn cp v quc phng c thc hin theo lnh ca Ch tch nc. Trong trng hp c thm ha do thin nhin hoc con ngi gy ra, dch bnh nguy him hoc tnh hnh e da nghim trng n an ninh quc gia v trt t, an ton x hi th vic iu ng, s dng lc lng vi trang nhn dn c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v tnh trng khn cp. Khi cha c lnh ca cp c thm quyn, ngi ch huy n v lc lng vi trang nhn dn khng c t iu ng, s dng ngi, trang b, vi kh ca n v mnh  tin hnh cc hot ng vi trang khng c trong k hoch hun luyn, din tp sn sng chin u  c cp c thm quyn ph duyt. c) Tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng khn cp v quc phng, thit qun lut v gii nghim - Tnh trng chin tranh: L trng thi x hi c bit ca t nc c tuyn b trong thi gian t khi nc nh b xm lc cho ti khi hnh ng xm lc  c chm dt trn thc t. Thm quyn tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh: Khi nc nh b xm lc, Quc hi xem xt, quyt nh tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh; giao cho Hi ng quc phng v an ninh nhng nhim v, quyn hn c bit. Trong trng hp Quc hi khng th hp c, U ban thng v Quc hi quyt nh vic tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh v bo co Quc hi xem xt, quyt nh ti k hp gn nht ca Quc hi. Cn c vo Ngh quyt ca Quc hi hoc ca U ban thng v Quc hi, Ch tch nc cng b quyt nh tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh. - Tnh trng khn cp v quc phng: L trng thi x hi ca t nc khi c nguy c trc tip b xm lc hoc  xy ra hnh ng vi trang xm lc hoc bo lon, nhng cha n mc tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh. Thm quyn c ban b tnh trng khn cp v quc phng: Khi xy ra tnh trng khn cp v quc phng, U ban thng v Quc hi xem xt, quyt nh ban b tnh trng khn cp v quc phng trong c nc hoc  tng a phng. Cn c vo Ngh quyt ca U ban thng v Quc hi, Ch tch nc cng b quyt nh ban b tnh trng khn cp v quc phng trong c nc hoc  tng a phng; trong trng hp U ban thng v Quc hi khng th hp c, Ch tch nc ban b tnh trng khn cp v quc phng trong c nc hoc  tng a phng. - Thit qun lut: L bin php qun l nh nc c bit c thi hn do qun i thc hin. Trng hp v thm quyn ra lnh thit qun lut: Khi an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi  mt hoc mt s a phng b xm phm nghim trng ti mc chnh quyn   khng cn kim sot c tnh hnh th Ch tch nc ra lnh thit qun lut theo  ngh ca Chnh ph. Trong lnh thit qun lut phi xc nh c th a bn thit qun lut, bin php v hiu lc thi hnh, quy nh vic thc hin cc ngh)a v cng dn, cc quy tc trt t x hi cn thit  a phng thit qun lut v c cng b lin tc trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng. Trong thi gian thit qun lut, vic qun l Nh nc ti a bn thit qun lut c giao cho Qun i thc hin. Ngi ch huy n v qun i c giao qun l a bn thit qun lut c quyn ra lnh p dng cc bin php cn thit  thc hin lnh thit qun lut v chu trch nhim v vic p dng cc bin php . Cn c vo lnh ca Ch tch nc v thit qun lut, quyt nh, ch th ca Th tng Chnh ph v thc hin lnh thit qun lut, B trng B Quc phng c trch nhim ch o, ch huy cc n v qun i c giao thc hin nhim v ti a phng thit qun lut chp hnh ng quy nh ca php lut. Vic xt x ti phm xy ra  a phng trong thi gian thi hnh lnh thit qun lut do To n qun s m nhim. Theo  ngh ca Th tng Chnh ph, Ch tch nc ra lnh bi b lnh thit qun lut khi tnh tnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi  a bn thit qun lut  n nh. - Gii nghim: L bin php cm ngi, phng tin i li v hot ng vo nhng gi nht nh ti nhng khu vc nht nh, tr trng hp c php theo quy nh ca ngi c thm quyn t chc thc hin lnh gii nghim. Lnh gii nghim c ban b trong trng hp tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi ti mt hoc mt s a phng din bin phc tp, e da gy mt n nh nghim trng. Trong lnh gii nghim phi xc nh r khu vc gii nghim, thi gian bt u v kt thc gii nghim, nhng quy nh m c quan, t chc, c nhn ti khu vc gii nghim phi chp hnh. Lnh gii nghim ch c hiu lc trong thi hn khng qu 24 gi. Trong thi gian gii nghim, ngoi vic b hn ch i li, mi quyn hp php khc ca cng dn c php lut bo v. Thm quyn ban b lnh gii nghim c quy nh nh sau: Th tng Chnh ph ban b lnh gii nghim ti mt hoc mt s tnh thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng ban b lnh gii nghim ti mt hoc mt s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; y ban nhn dn huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh ban b lnh gii nghim ti mt hoc mt s x, phng, th trn thuc huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh. - Bi b lnh tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng khn cp v quc phng; lnh tng ng vin, ng vin cc b: Khi khng cn tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng khn cp v quc phng, Quc hi, U ban thng v Quc hi quyt nh bi b tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng khn cp v quc phng, vic tng ng vin, ng vin cc b. Cn c vo Ngh quyt ca Quc hi hoc u ban Thng v Quc hi, Ch tch nc ra lnh bi b lnh  cng b. d) Nhim v, quyn hn ca c quan, t chc v quc phng - Ni dung qun l nh nc v quc phng; nhim v quyn hn ca Chnh Ph v quc phng: Ni dung qun l nh nc v quc phng bao gm: Xy dng v t chc thc hin k hoch cng c, tng cng nn quc phng ton dn, k hoch phng th t nc, k hoch ng vin quc phng; ban hnh v t chc thc hin cc vn bn quy nh php lut v quc phng; t chc ch o thc hin nhim v quc phng, thi hnh lnh, quyt nh ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn v cc bin php cn thit  bo v T quc; thc hin gio dc quc phng, tuyn truyn, ph bin, gio dc php lut v quc phng; kim tra, thanh tra v gii quyt khiu ni, t co trong vic thc hin nhim v quc phng v hp tc quc t v quc phng. Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v quc phng, thc hin nhim v, quyn hn theo quy nh ca Hin php v php lut v quc phng. - Nhim v, quyn hn ca B Quc phng: Chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph thc hin qun l nh nc v quc phng trong phm vi c nc; gip Chnh ph xy dng d n lut, php lnh, ngh nh v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh lut, php lnh v quc phng. Ch tr, phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph xy dng quy hoch, k hoch nh nc v quc phng trnh Chnh ph quyt nh; xy dng, qun l, ch huy Qun i nhn dn v Dn qun t v trong thc hin nhim v quc phng. Hng dn, thanh tra, kim tra, s kt, tng kt vic thc hin cng tc quc phng  b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v a phng theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut. - Nhim v, quyn hn ca b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v quc phng: Trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh, phi hp vi B Quc phng thc hin qun l nh nc v quc phng; ban hnh hoc trnh cp c thm quyn ban hnh cc vn bn quy phm php lut  thc hin nhim v quc phng theo quy nh ca php lut. T chc thc hin quy hoch, k hoch nh nc v quc phng trong thi bnh v thi chin theo nhim v c giao. Thc hin vic kt hp cht ch quc phng vi kinh t, kinh t vi quc phng trong xy dng v thc hin quy hoch, k hoch ca ngnh, l)nh vc c giao ph trch. Tham gia xy dng khu vc phong th theo ch o ca Chnh ph v hng dn ca B Quc phng. Thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn khc v quc phng theo quy nh ca php lut. - Nhim v, quyn hn ca hi ng nhn dn cc cp v quc phng: Trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh, hi ng nhn dn cc cp ra ngh quyt v cc bin php bo m thi hnh php lut v nhim v v quc phng  a phng; quyt nh thu, chi ngn sch bo m cho hot ng quc phng  a phng; quyt nh ch trng, bin php nhm pht huy tim nng ca a phng  xy dng nn quc phng phng ton dn, xy dng khu vc phng th, xy dng tim lc quc phng p ng yu cu thi bnh v thi chin. Cn c vo lnh ca Ch tch nc, quyt nh ch trng, bin php chuyn hot ng kinh t - x hi ca a phng t thi bnh sang thi chin. Gim st u ban nhn dn cng cp v cc c quan nh nc  a phng trong vic thc hin ngh quyt ca Hi ng nhn dn, cc vn bn quy phm php lut v quc phng. Thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn khc v quc phng theo quy nh ca php lut. - Nhim v, quyn hn ca u ban nhn dn cc cp v quc phng: Trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh, u ban nhn dn cc cp thc hin qun l nh nc v quc phng ti a phng; ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut thuc thm quyn  t chc thc hin nhim v quc phng theo quy nh ca php lut v ngh quyt ca hi ng nhn dn cng cp v nhim v quc phng  a phng. Ch o v t chc xy dng khu vc phng th; xy dng lc lng vi trang a phng, tim lc quc phng; thc hin cng tc gio dc quc phng; tuyn chn v gi thanh nin nhp ngi, n tip, to iu kin gii quyt vic lm cho qun nhn xut ngi. T chc, xy dng lc lng v thc hin chnh sch i vi b i a phng, lc lng d b ng vin, dn qun t v; xy dng, qun l, bo v, cng trnh quc phng v khu qun s; thi hnh cc bin php phng th dn s, chnh sch hu phng qun i; chi vin v hu cn, ti chnh cho lc lng vi trang nhn dn hot ng trn a bn a phng lm nhim v trong tnh trng chin tranh hoc tnh trng khn cp v quc phng v cc nhim v khc do php lut quy nh. Trnh hi ng nhn dn cng cp d ton thu, chi ngn sch bo m cho hot ng quc phng  a phng; ch o t chc thc hin ngh quyt ca Hi ng nhn dn v thu, chi ngn sch bo m cho hot ng quc phng  a phng. Chp hnh v t chc thc hin cc lnh, quyt nh ca Ch tch nc, quyt nh, ch th ca Th tng Chnh ph v u ban nhn dn cp trn v quc phng. Phi hp vi Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc on th nhn dn trong vic thc hin nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh v quc phng; to iu kin  cc t chc  thc hin c hiu qu nhim v quc phng ti a phng. Ch tch u ban nhn dn cc cp chu trch nhim v thc hin nhim v, quyn hn v quc phng ca cp mnh, n c, kim tra u ban nhn dn cp di thc hin nhim v quc phng  a phng theo quy nh ca php lut. Lut cing xc nh trch nhim ca Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin v quc phng. II. LUT AN NINH QUC GIA 1. Khi qut chung An ninh quc gia l s n nh, pht trin bn vng ca ch  x hi ch ngh)a v Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, s bt kh xm phm c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc. Bo v an ninh quc gia l phng nga, pht hin, ngn chn, u tranh lm tht bi cc hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia. Lut An ninh quc gia l mt o lut trong h thng php lut Vit Nam c ban hnh nhm to ra c s php l thng nht cho vic bo v an ninh quc gia. Lut An ninh quc gia s 32/2004/QH11 quy nh quyn, ngh)a v, trch nhim ca c quan, t chc, cng dn trong bo v an ninh quc gia  sn sng i ph kp thi, c hiu qu trc cc hnh ng xm phm an ninh quc gia, nh hng trc tip n c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc; c  HYPERLINK "http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%99i_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_C%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" \o "Quc hi nc Cng ho X hi Ch ngh)a Vit Nam" Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kha XI, k hp th 6 thng qua ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2004, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2005. Lut gm 5 chng, 36 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca Lut a) Nhng quy nh chung - Chnh sch an ninh quc gia: Nh nc cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam thc hin chnh sch ho bnh hu ngh, m rng giao lu v hp tc vi tt c cc nc trn c s tn trng c lp, ch quyn, ton vn lnh th ca nhau, khng can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nhau, bnh ng cng c li. Nh nc c chnh sch xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc; pht trin kinh t, vn ho, khoa hc, cng ngh, an ninh, quc phng, i ngoi vng mnh, gi vng n nh chnh tr  bo m an ninh quc gia. - Nguyn tc hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia: Tun th Hin php, php lut, bo m li ch ca Nh nc, quyn v li ch hp php ca cc t chc, c nhn. t di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam; s qun l thng nht ca Nh nc; huy ng sc mnh tng hp ca c h thng chnh tr v ton dn tc, lc lng chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia lm nng ct. Kt hp cht ch gia nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia vi nhim v xy dng, pht trin kinh t, vn ho, x hi; phi hp c hiu qu hot ng an ninh, quc phng v i ngoi. Ch ng phng nga, ch ng u tranh lm tht bi mi m mu v hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia. - Bo m iu kin cho hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia: Nh nc bo m ngn sch v c s vt cht cho cc hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia trong mi tnh hung, u tin cc a bn chin lc, xung yu, quan trng v an ninh quc gia; c chnh sch huy ng thnh tu khoa hc v cng ngh phc v hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia. - Trch nhim, ngh)a v bo v an ninh quc gia: Bo v an ninh quc gia l s nghip ca ton dn. C quan, t chc, cng dn c trch nhim, ngh)a v bo v an ninh quc gia theo quy nh ca php lut. - Tuyn truyn, gio dc bo v an ninh quc gia: Chnh ph, cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc chnh ph v y ban nhn dn cc cp c trch nhim t chc, ch o cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc bo v an ninh quc gia. C quan thng tin tuyn truyn c trch nhim t chc tuyn truyn, ph bin php lut v nng cao thc bo v an ninh quc gia cho ton dn. C quan, t chc trong phm vi quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim tuyn truyn, gio dc, vn ng cng dn Vit Nam, ngi Vit Nam nh c  nc ngoi bo v an ninh quc gia. Gio dc bo v an ninh quc gia l mt ni dung gio dc quc dn, c quan qun l nh nc v gio dc v o to c trch nhim a ni dung gio dc bo v an ninh quc gia vo chng trnh dy hc trong cc nh trng v cc c s gio dc khc ph hp vi ngnh hc, cp hc. b) Bo v an ninh quc gia - Nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia: Bo v ch  chnh tr v Nh nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, bo v c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc. Bo v an ninh v t tng v vn ho, khi i on kt ton dn tc, quyn v li ch hp php ca c quan, t chc, c nhn. Bo v an ninh trong cc l)nh vc kinh t, quc phng, i ngoi v cc li ch khc ca quc gia. Bo v b mt nh nc v cc mc tiu quan trng v an ninh quc gia. Phng nga, pht hin, ngn chn, u tranh lm tht bi v loi tr cc hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia, nguy c e da an ninh quc gia. - Cc bin php c bn bo v an ninh quc gia: Cc bin php c bn bo v an ninh quc gia bao gm: Vn ng qun chng, php lut, ngoi giao, kinh t, khoa hc - k thut, nghip v, vi trang. Ni dung, iu kin, thm quyn, trnh t, th tc v trch nhim p dng cc bin php trn do php lut quy nh. - Xy dng nn an ninh nhn dn: Vn ng ton dn tham gia phong tro bo v an ninh T quc; gio dc, ng vin cn b, cng chc, ngi lao ng v mi cng dn tham gia xy dng a phng c quan, t chc vng mnh; xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc; nng cao i sng vt cht tinh thn ca nhn dn. Xy dng v t chc thc hin chin lc, chnh sch, k hoch bo v an ninh quc gia gn vi xy dng cng c h thng chnh tr, pht trin kinh t, vn ho, x hi, i ngoi v kt hp cht ch vi xy dng nn quc phng ton dn. Tng cng php ch x hi ch ngh)a, xy dng, hon thin h thng php lut v bo v an ninh quc gia; xc nh v c th nhim v, quyn hn, trch nhim, ngh)a v ca c quan, t chc, c nhn trong bo v an ninh quc gia. Xy dng lc lng bo v an ninh quc gia vng mnh; xy dng cc phng n v t chc, b tr lc lng, phng tin cn thit  ch ng bo v an ninh quc gia trong mi tnh hung. - Quyn v ngh)a v ca cng dn trong bo v an ninh quc gia: Tham gia lc lng bo v an ninh quc gia v thc hin nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia theo qui nh ca php lut. T co hnh vi xm phm an ninh quc gia, hnh vi li dng vic thc hin nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia xm phm li ch ca Nh nc, quyn v li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn. Pht hin, kin ngh vi chnh quyn hoc c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia khc phc s h, thiu st trong vic thc hin php lut v bo v an ninh quc gia. Pht hin cung cp kp thi nhng thng tin, ti liu lin quan n hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia cho chnh quyn hoc c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia ni gn nht. Thc hin yu cu ca c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia theo qui nh ca php lut. Gip  to iu kin cho c quan c trch nhim tin hnh cc bin php phng nga, pht hin, ngn chn, u tranh vi hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia. - Trch nhim ca c quan, t chc trong bo v an ninh quc gia: C quan, t chc trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim t chc thc hin cc nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia v cc quy nh khc ca php lut. Thc hin cc bin php bo v an ninh chnh tr ni b, huy ng sc mnh ca c quan, t chc  thc hin nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia; a nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia vo chng trnh, k hoch v cc hot ng chuyn mn ca c quan, t chc. Gio dc, ng vin mi thnh vin ca c quan, t chc mnh v nhn dn tham gia bo v an ninh quc gia. Pht hin, cung cp kp thi thng tin, ti liu lin quan n hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia cho c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia hoc chnh quyn ni gn nht. Thc hin yu cu ca c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia theo quy nh ca php lut. Lut cing quy nh trch nhim ca Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin trong bo v an ninh quc gia; bo v an ninh quc gia khi c tnh trng khn cp, tnh trng chin tranh; p dng mt s bin php cn thit khi c nguy c e da an ninh quc gia nhng cha n mc ban b tnh trng khn cp. c) C quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia - Cc c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia: C quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia gm: C quan ch o, ch huy v cc n v an ninh, tnh bo, cnh v Cng an nhn dn; c quan ch o, ch huy v cc n v bo v an ninh qun i, tnh bo Qun i nhn dn; B i Bin phng, Cnh st bin l c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia  khu vc bin gii t lin v khu vc bin v trn bin. T chc b my, nhim v, quyn hn c th phm v trch nhim hot ng v quan h phi hp ca cc c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia do php lut quy nh. - Quyn hn, trch nhim ca c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia Quyn hn: S dng cc bin php nghip v theo quy nh ca php lut; yu cu c quan, t chc, c nhn cung cp thng tin, ti liu,  vt khi c cn c xc nh lin quan n hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia; yu cu c quan, t chc ti chnh, kho bc, ngn hng kim tra, phong ta ti khon, ngun ti chnh lin quan n hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia; yu cu c quan, t chc bu chnh, vin thng, hi quan bc m hoc giao th tn, in tn, bu phm, bu kin, hng ho  kim tra khi c cn c xc nh trong  c thng tin, ti liu, cht n, vi kh, vt phm khc c nguy hi cho an ninh quc gia; kim tra phng tin giao thng, phng tin thng tin, my tnh, mng my tnh,  vt, ti liu, hng ho, ch , ni lm vic hoc cc c s khc ca c quan, t chc, c nhn khi c cn c xc nh lin quan n hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia; trng dng theo quy nh ca php lut phng tin thng tin, phng tin giao thng, phng tin khc v ngi ang s dng, iu khin phng tin  trong trng hp cp bch  thc hin nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia hoc  ngn chn hu qu thit hi cho x hi ang xy ra hoc c nguy c xy ra; tm nh ch hoc nh ch vic s dng phng tin thng tin lin lc hoc cc hot ng khc trn lnh th Vit Nam khi c cn c xc nh cc hot ng ny gy nguy hi cho an ninh quc gia; yu cu ngng cc chuyn vn chuyn bng cc loi phng tin giao thng ca Vit Nam hoc cc phng tin giao thng ca nc ngoi trn lnh th Vit Nam  bo v an ninh quc gia v bo m an ton cho cc phng tin ; p dng cc bin php cn thit  bo v ngi cng tc, ngi t gic, ngi lm chng, ngi b hi trong cc v n xm phm an ninh quc gia. Trch nhim: Tin hnh cc hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia trong phm vi chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh theo quy nh ca php lut; tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v li ch ca Nh nc, quyn v li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn; trong trng hp v yu cu bo v an ninh quc gia phi hn ch cc quyn v li ch  th phi c ngi c thm quyn quyt nh; gi b mt v s gip  ca c quan, t chc, c nhn i vi cng tc bo v an ninh quc gia. Lut cing quy nh quyn hn, trch nhim ca cn b chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia v ch  chnh sch i vi cn b, chin s) c quan chuyn trch bo v an ninh quc gia. d) Qun l nh nc v an ninh quc gia - Ni dung qun l nh nc v an ninh quc gia: Xy dng v t chc thc hin chin lc, chnh sch, k hoch, phng n bo v an ninh quc gia v bo m iu kin cn thit cho hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia; ban hnh v t chc thc hin vn bn quy phm php lut v bo v an ninh quc gia; T chc, ch o, hng dn hot ng thu thp, pht hin, iu tra, x l thng tin, ti liu, hnh vi lin quan n hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia; Ch o, hng dn thc hin cc bin php bo v an ninh quc gia; T chc b my, trang b phng tin, o to cn b lm cng tc bo v an ninh quc gia; bi dng kin thc bo v an ninh quc gia cho cn b ch cht ca cc c quan, t chc; xy dng v t chc thc hin chng trnh gio dc v bo v an ninh quc gia; xy dng v thc hin ch , chnh sch i vi c quan, t chc, c nhn tham gia bo v an ninh quc gia; Kim tra, thanh tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co trong hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia; Hp tc quc t v bo v an ninh quc gia. - Thng nht qun l nh nc v an ninh quc gia: Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v bo v an ninh quc gia. B Cng an chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph ch tr, phi hp vi B Quc phng, B Ngoi giao, cc b, c quan ngang b thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v an ninh quc gia. B Quc phng trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph phi hp vi B Cng an thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v an ninh quc gia; ch o cc lc lng thuc quyn phi hp cht ch vi lc lng Cng an nhn dn v chnh quyn a phng  bo v an ninh quc gia theo quy nh ca php lut. Quy ch phi hp gia B Cng an vi B Quc phng trong vic thc hin nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia do Th tng Chnh ph quy nh. B Ngoi giao trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim thc hin cc nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan v phi hp vi B Cng an, B Quc phng, cc c quan hu quan khc  bo v an ninh quc gia. Quy ch phi hp gia B Cng an vi B Ngoi giao trong vic thc hin nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia do Th tng Chnh ph quy nh. Lut cing xc nh trch nhim ca cc b, c quan ngang b trong qun l nh nc v an ninh quc gia; trch nhim ca u ban nhn dn cc cp trong qun l nh nc v an ninh quc gia. III. LUT NGH(A V QUN S 1. Khi qut chung Lut Ngh)a v qun s l mt o lut trong h thng php lut Vit Nam, bao gm tng hp nhng quy phm php lut do Nh nc ban hnh, nhm iu chnh cc quan h ca cng dn, cc c quan nh nc, cc on th qun chng, t chc x hi, nh trng v gia nh trong vic thc hin ngh)a v qun s. Lut c sa i nhiu ln (1960, 1962, 1965, 1981, 1990, 1994) cho ph hp vi tnh hnh, nhim v ca t nc trong tng giai on cch mng. Lut Ngh)a v qun s s 43/2005/QH11 quy nh cng dn c bn phn lm ngh)a v qun s v tham gia xy dng quc phng ton dn; c Quc hi nc cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kho XI, k hp th 7 thng qua ngy 14 thng 6 nm 2005, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 24 thng 6 nm 2005. Lut gm XI chng, 71 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca Lut a) Nhng quy nh chung Ngh)a v qun s l ngh)a v v vang ca cng dn phc v trong Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. Thc hin ngh)a v qun s bao gm phc v ti ngi v phc v trong ngch d b ca qun i. Cng dn phc v ti ngi gi l qun nhn ti ngi. Cng dn phc v trong ngch d b gi l qun nhn d b. Cng dn nam, khng phn bit dn tc, thnh phn x hi, tn ngng tn gio, trnh  vn ho, ngh nghip, ni c tr, c ngh)a v phc v ti ngi trong Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. Cng dn n c chuyn mn cn cho qun i, trong thi bnh, phi ng k ngh)a v qun s v c gi hun luyn; nu t nguyn th c th c phc v ti ngi. Trong thi chin theo quyt nh ca Chnh ph, cng dn n c gi nhp ngi v m nhim cng tc thch hp. Nhng ngi sau y khng c lm ngh)a v qun s: Ngi ang trong thi k b php lut hoc To n nhn dn tc quyn phc v trong cc lc lng vi trang nhn dn, ngi ang b giam gi. Qun nhn ti ngi v qun nhn d b gm c s) quan, qun nhn chuyn nghip, h s) quan v binh s). Ch  phc v ca s) quan do Lut s) quan Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam quy nh. Cc c quan Nh nc, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin, cc t chc kinh t, cc t chc x hi, nh trng v gia nh, trong phm vi chc nng ca mnh, c trch nhim ng vin, gio dc v to iu kin cho cng dn lm trn ngh)a v qun s. b) Chun b cho thanh nin phc v ti ngi - ng k ngh)a v qun s: Vic ng k qun nhn d b v cng dn sn sng nhp ngi c tin hnh ti ni h c tr theo hai cp: ng k  x, phng, th trn do ban ch huy qun s x, phng, th trn ph trch; ng k  huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh do ban ch huy qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh ph trch. Qun nhn d b v cng dn sn sng nhp ngi, khi chuyn ch  n a phng khc, phi n ban ch huy qun s x, phng, th trn v ban ch huy qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh  xo tn trong s ng k; khi n ni  mi, trong thi hn 7 ngy, phi n ban ch huy qun s x, phng, th trn v trong thi hn 10 ngy, phi n ban ch huy qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh  ghi tn vo s ng k. Khi qun nhn d b v cng dn sn sng nhp ngi c thay i v a ch ni lm vic hoc ni hc tp, v chc v cng tc, v trnh  vn ho, th trong thi hn 10 ngy, phi n ban ch huy qun s x, phng, th trn  ng k b sung. Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp x, Hiu trng cc trng dy ngh, Trung hc chuyn nghip, trng Cao ng, trng i hc, Th trng c quan, ngi ph trch cc t chc kinh t, cc t chc x hi v cc n v c s khc phi thng k qun nhn d b v cng dn sn sng nhp ngi ca c s mnh  bo co vi ban ch huy qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh theo quy nh ca B trng B quc phng. To n nhn dn, Vin kim st nhn dn, c quan Cng an v cc c quan hu quan khc, trong phm vi chc nng ca mnh, c trch nhim phi hp vi c quan qun s cng cp trong vic thc hin cc quy nh v qun l cng dn sn sng nhp ngi v qun nhn d b. - Chun b cho thanh nin phc v ti ngi: Cng dn nam, trc khi n tui nhp ngi v trc khi nhp ngi, phi c hun luyn theo chng trnh qun s ph thng, bao gm gio dc chnh tr, hun luyn qun s, rn luyn thc t chc, k lut v rn luyn th lc. Vic hun luyn qun s ph thng cho hc sinh  cc trng thuc chng trnh chnh kho; ni dung hun luyn do B trng B quc phng phi hp vi B trng B gio dc v o to quy nh; hun luyn qun s ph thng cho thanh nin khng hc  cc trng do Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp x, th trng c quan nh nc t chc; ni dung hun luyn do B trng B quc phng quy nh. B trng B quc phng cng vi ngi ng u cc c quan nh nc, t chc x hi c lin quan ch o vic hun luyn qun s ph thng; Ch tch u ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v Ch tch u ban nhn dn huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh, trong phm vi chc nng ca mnh, ch o vic hun luyn qun s ph thng cho thanh nin thuc a phng mnh; cc t chc kinh t, t chc x hi c trch nhim to iu kin cho thanh nin lm vic  c s mnh tham gia hun luyn qun s ph thng. Cc B, U ban Nh nc, cc c quan khc thuc Chnh ph, U ban ch o gio dc quc phng nhn dn, u ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng v cp tng ng c trng dy ngh, trng trung hc chuyn nghip, trng cao ng, trng i hc c trch nhim o to cn b, nhn vin chuyn mn, k thut cho qun i, theo k hoch ca B quc phng  c Chnh ph ph chun. U ban nhn dn cp huyn c trch nhim t chc chun b cho cng dn phc v ti ngi v gi cng dn nhp ngi. Thng 1 hng nm, Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp x, hiu trng cc trng dy ngh, cc trng trung hc, th trng cc c quan, ngi ph trch cc t chc kinh t, cc t chc x hi v cc n v c s khc phi bo co danh sch cng dn nam  17 tui trong nm  cho ban ch huy qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh theo quy nh ca B trng B quc phng. Thng 4 hng nm, theo lnh gi ca ch huy trng qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh, cng dn nam  17 tui trong nm  phi n c quan qun s  ng k ngh)a v qun s. Vic kim tra sc kho cho nhng cng dn ng k ngh)a v qun s do c quan y t huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh ph trch. Cng dn  ng k ngh)a v qun s c gi l cng dn sn sng nhp ngi. c) Phc v ti ngi ca h s) quan, binh s) ti ngi Cng dn nam  mi tm tui c gi nhp ngi;  tui gi nhp ngi trong thi bnh t  18 tui n ht 25 tui. Cng dn nam n 17 tui, c nguyn vng phc v lu di trong qun i, c  tiu chun theo quy nh ca B trng B quc phng, th c th c nhn vo hc  trng qun s v c cng nhn l qun nhn ti ngi. Thi hn phc v ti ngi trong thi bnh ca h s) quan v binh s) l 18 thng. Thi hn phc v ti ngi trong thi bnh ca h s) quan ch huy, h s) quan v binh s) chuyn mn k thut do qun i o to, h s) quan v binh s) trn tu hi qun l 24 thng. Khi cn thit, B trng B quc phng c quyn gi h s) quan v binh s) phc v ti ngi thm mt thi gian khng qu 6 thng so vi thi hn quy nh trn. Vic tnh thi im bt u v kt thc thi hn phc v ti ngi ca h s) quan v binh s) do B trng B quc phng quy nh. Thi gian o ngi khng c tnh vo thi hn phc v ti ngi. d) Vic nhp ngi, hon gi nhp ngi, mim lm ngh)a v qun s - Vic gi nhp ngi: Hng nm, vic gi cng dn nhp ngi c tin hnh t 1 n 2 ln, thi gian gi nhp ngi v s lng cng dn nhp ngi trong nm do Chnh ph quyt nh. Vic gi cng dn nhp ngi c tin hnh theo lnh ca B trng B quc phng. U ban nhn dn cc cp c trch nhim ch o, t chc thc hin vic tuyn chn v gi cng dn nhp ngi trong a phng mnh, bo m cng khai, dn ch v cng bng; ng thi gian,  s lng, ng tiu chun theo quy nh ca php lut. Cc n v nhn qun c trch nhim phi hp vi u ban nhn dn cc cp thc hin nhim v ny. Theo quyt nh ca u ban nhn dn, ch huy trng qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh gi tng cng dn nhp ngi. Lnh gi nhp ngi phi c a trc 15 ngy. i vi a phng gp thin tai nng, th B trng B quc phng c quyn iu chnh thi gian gi cng dn nhp ngi cho a phng . Cng dn c gi nhp ngi phi c mt ng thi gian v a im ghi trong lnh gi nhp ngi, nu c l do chnh ng khng th n ng thi gian v a im th phi c giy xc nhn ca u ban nhn dn cp x ni c tr. U ban nhn dn cp x, c quan Nh nc cng cc t chc kinh t, cc t chc x hi v cc n v c s khc c trch nhim t chc tin a v bo m cho cng dn c gi nhp ngi ca c s mnh c mt ng thi gian v a im quy nh. Chnh quyn nhn dn cc cp, trong phm vi nhim v v quyn hn ca mnh, c trch nhim thc hin ch , chnh sch i vi gia nh qun nhn. - Hon gi nhp ngi, min lm ngh)a v qun s: Nhng cng dn sau y c tm hon gi nhp ngi trong thi bnh: Cha  sc kho phc v ti ngi theo kt lun ca Hi ng khm sc kho; l lao ng duy nht phi trc tip nui ngi khc trong gia nh khng cn sc lao ng hoc cha n tui lao ng; c anh, ch hoc em rut l h s) quan, binh s) ang phc v ti ngi; gio vin, nhn vin y t, thanh nin xung phong ang lm vic  vng su, vng xa, bin gii, hi o, vng c bit kh khn; cn b, cng chc, vin chc c iu ng n lm vic  nhng vng ny; ang nghin cu cng trnh khoa hc cp Nh nc c B trng, Th trng c quan ngang b hoc ngi c chc v tng ng chng nhn; ang hc  cc trng ph thng, trng dy ngh, trng trung cp chuyn nghip, trng cao ng, trng i hc do Chnh ph quy nh; i xy dng vng kinh t mi trong 3 nm u. Hng nm, nhng cng dn thuc din tm hon gi nhp ngi trn phi c kim tra, nu khng cn l do tm hon th c gi nhp ngi. Nhng cng dn sau y c min gi nhp ngi trong thi bnh: Con ca lit s), con ca thng binh hng mt, con ca bnh binh hng mt; mt ngi anh hoc em trai ca lit s); mt con trai ca thng binh hng hai; thanh nin xung phong, cn b, cng chc, vin chc ang lm vic  vng su, vng xa, bin gii, hi o, vng c bit kh khn  phc v t 24 thng tr ln. Cng dn thuc din c tm hon gi nhp ngi hoc c min gi nhp ngi nu trn nu tnh nguyn th c th c tuyn chn, gi nhp ngi. Chnh ph quy nh c th vng su, vng xa, bin gii, hi o, vng c bit kh khn. Ngi tn tt, ngi mc bnh tm thn hoc bnh mn tnh khc theo danh mc bnh tt do B trng B Y t v B trng B quc phng quy nh th c min lm ngh)a v qun s. Vic hon gi nhp ngi v min lm ngh)a v qun s nu trn do u ban nhn dn cp huyn quyt nh. Danh sch nhng cng dn c hon gi nhp ngi v nhng cng dn c min lm ngh)a v qun s phi c cng b. - Vic xut ngi: H s) quan v binh s)  phc v ti ngi  thi hn quy nh ca Lut ny th c xut ngi. Theo lnh ca B trng B quc phng, ngi ch huy n v t cp trung on v tng ng tr ln c trch nhim thc hin vic xut ngi cho h s) quan v binh s) thuc quyn. Thi gian xut ngi ca h s) quan v binh s) phi c thng bo trc 1 thng cho qun nhn, u ban nhn dn cp huyn v n v c s, ni qun nhn c tr hoc lm vic trc khi nhp ngi. Ngi ch huy ca n v cp trung on v tng ng tr ln c h s) quan v binh s) xut ngi phi t chc tin v a h v bn giao cho u ban nhn dn a phng  giao qun. U ban nhn dn cp huyn c trch nhim t chc tip nhn h s) quan v binh s) xut ngi v a phng mnh. H s) quan v binh s) ti ngi c th c xut ngi trc thi hn trong nhng trng hp sau y: c Hi ng gim nh y khoa qun s kt lun l khng  sc kho  tip tc phc v ti ngi; l lao ng duy nht phi trc tip nui ngi khc trong gia nh khng cn sc lao ng hoc cha n tui lao ng; con ca lit s), con ca thng binh hng mt, con ca bnh binh hng mt; mt ngi anh hoc em trai ca lit s); mt con trai ca thng binh hng hai. H s) quan v binh s)  ht hn phc v ti ngi c th tnh nguyn  li phc v trn hn nh thm mt thi gian t nht l mt nm; ch  phc v ti ngi trn hn nh ca h s) quan v binh s) do B trng B quc phng quy nh. H s) quan v binh s) xut ngi khi v n ni c tr, trong thi hn 15 ngy, phi n ban ch huy qun s x, phng, th trn v ban ch huy qun s huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh  ng k vo ngch d b. U ban nhn dn cp x, th trng cc c quan, x nghip v cc n v c s khc c trch nhim: T chc n tip nhng qun nhn xut ngi tr v; to iu kin cho qun nhn xut ngi nhanh chng n nh i sng. Lut cing quy nh ngh)a v, quyn li ca qun nhn chuyn nghip, h s quan, binh s ti ngi v d b; quyn li ca gia nh h s) quan v binh s) ti ngi. ) Nhp ngi theo lnh tng ng vin hoc ng vin cc b, gii quyt xut ngi sau chin tranh - Gi nhp ngi khi c lnh ng vin: Khi c lnh tng ng vin hoc lnh ng vin cc b, vic gi nhp ngi thc hin theo quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph. - Trch nhim ca c quan, t chc, c nhn trong thc hin lnh ng vin: Khi c lnh tng ng vin hoc ng vin cc b, B trng B Quc phng lnh nh ch vic xut ngi v ngh php i vi qun nhn; qun nhn ang ngh php phi tr v n v. Ch huy trng Ban Ch huy qun s cp huyn ra lnh gi tng cng dn nhp ngi theo quyt nh ca y ban nhn dn cng cp. Cng dn c gi nhp ngi phi c mt ng thi gian v a im ghi trong lnh gi nhp ngi. y ban nhn dn cp x, c quan, t chc c trch nhim t chc  cng dn chp hnh nghim lnh gi nhp ngi. - Gii quyt xut ngi sau chin tranh: Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh gii quyt qun nhn xut ngi sau chin tranh. IV. LUT GIO DC QUC PHNG V AN NINH 1. Khi qut chung Kin thc quc phng v an ninh, bao gm h thng quan im ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc v quc phng v an ninh; truyn thng dng nc, gi nc ca dn tc ta v k nng qun s. Mc tiu gio dc quc phng v an ninh nhm lm cho mi cng dn pht huy tinh thn yu nc, truyn thng dng nc v gi nc; lng t ho, t tn dn tc; t  nng cao thc, trch nhim, t gic thc hin nhim v quc phng v an ninh, bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. Lut Gio dc quc phng v an ninh nm 2013 quy nh nguyn tc, chnh sch; ni dung c bn; hnh thc gio dc quc phng v an ninh; nhim v, quyn hn ca c quan, t chc; quyn v trch nhim ca cng dn v gio dc quc phng v an ninh; c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kho XIII, k hp th 5 thng qua ngy 19 thng 6 nm 2013, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2014. Lut gm 8 chng, 47 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca Lut a) Quy nh chung - Nguyn tc gio dc quc phng v an ninh: Tun th Hin php v php lut ca nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, t di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, s qun l thng nht ca Nh nc. Gio dc quc phng v an ninh l trch nhim ca h thng chnh tr v ton dn, trong  Nh nc gi vai tr ch o. Kt hp gio dc quc phng v an ninh vi gio dc chnh tr t tng, ph bin, gio dc php lut v gn vi xy dng c s vng mnh ton din. Gio dc ton din, c trng tm, trng im bng cc hnh thc ph hp; kt hp gia l lun v thc tin, gia l thuyt v thc hnh. Chng trnh, ni dung gio dc quc phng v an ninh phi ph hp vi tng i tng, p ng kp thi tnh hnh thc t. Bo m b mt nh nc, tnh k hoch, k tha, pht trin, khoa hc, hin i, d hiu, thit thc v hiu qu. - Chnh sch ca Nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh: Nh nc bo m ngun lc cho hot ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh, c chnh sch u tin i vi khu vc bin gii, hi o, min ni, vng su, vng xa. Nh nc khuyn khch, to iu kin cho c quan, t chc, c nhn ng gp tr tu, cng sc, tin, ti sn cho gio dc quc phng v an ninh. C quan, t chc, c nhn c thnh tch trong gio dc quc phng v an ninh c khen thng theo quy nh ca php lut. - Quyn v trch nhim ca cng dn v gio dc quc phng v an ninh: Cng dn c quyn v trch nhim hc tp, nghin cu  nm vng kin thc quc phng v an ninh. Ngi tham gia gio dc quc phng v an ninh c hng ch , chnh sch theo quy nh ca php lut. Trung tm gio dc quc phng v an ninh l c s gio dc, bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh, k nng qun s cho cc i tng theo quy nh ca Lut ny. Trung tm gio dc quc phng v an ninh bao gm: Trung tm gio dc quc phng v an ninh thuc nh trng qun i; Trung tm gio dc quc phng v an ninh thuc c s gio dc i hc. b) Gio dc quc phng v an ninh trong nh trng i vi trung hc ph thng; trung cp chuyn nghip, trung cp ngh, cao ng ngh, c s gio dc i hc, trng ca c quan nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc chnh tr - x hi: Gio dc quc phng v an ninh c xc nh l mn hc chnh kha trong chng trnh gio dc. i vi trung hc ph thng; trung cp chuyn nghip, trung cp ngh l mn chnh kha  bo m cho hc sinh c nhng hiu bit ban u v nn quc phng ton dn, an ninh nhn dn; v truyn thng chng ngoi xm ca dn tc, lc lng vi trang nhn dn v ngh thut qun s Vit Nam; c kin thc c bn, cn thit v phng th dn s v k nng qun s; sn sng thc hin ngh)a v qun s bo v T quc. i vi trng cao ng ngh, c s gio dc i hc l mn chnh kha  bo m cho ngi hc c kin thc c bn v quan im ca ng, chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc v quc phng v an ninh; xy dng nn quc phng ton dn, an ninh nhn dn, xy dng th trn quc phng ton dn gn vi th trn an ninh nhn dn, xy dng lc lng vi trang nhn dn; b sung kin thc v phng th dn s v k nng qun s; sn sng thc hin ngh)a v qun s bo v T quc. i vi trng ca c quan nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc chnh tr - x hi, gio dc quc phng v an ninh bo m cho ngi hc nm vng quan im ca ng, chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc v quc phng v an ninh; ngh thut qun s Vit Nam; tnh hnh, nhim v quc phng v an ninh; khu vc phng th; phng th dn s; kt hp kinh t vi quc phng v an ninh; kt hp quc phng v an ninh vi i ngoi. Lut cn quy nh gio dc quc phng, an ninh trong trng tiu hc, trung hc c s c thc hin lng ghp thng qua ni dung cc mn hc. c) Bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh - i tng trong cc c quan, t chc ca Nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc chnh tr - x hi: Vic bi dng cho cc i tng ny khng ch nhm mc tiu gio dc quc phng v an ninh ni chung, m cn gp phn nng cao nng lc t chc thc hin nhim v quc phng v an ninh theo v tr, l)nh vc c phn cng ph trch. Lut quy nh bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh l yu cu bt buc i vi cn b, cng chc, vin chc qun l, c thc hin thng nht trong phm vi c nc. i tng bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh l cn b, cng chc; vin chc qun l, i biu dn c, ngi qun l trong doanh nghip nh nc, nhng ngi hot ng khng chuyn trch  x, phng, th trn (sau y gi l cp x); trng thn, lng, p, bn, bun, phum, sc, t dn ph (sau y gi l thn); trng cc on th  thn; ng vin ng Cng sn Vit Nam. Chng trnh, ni dung, hnh thc, thi gian bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh c xy dng ph hp vi tiu chun chc danh, chc v lnh o, qun l v yu cu nhim v. - i vi ngi qun l doanh nghip ngoi khu vc nh nc, n v s nghip ngoi cng lp: Bao gm doanh nghip c quy m va tr ln, doanh nghip hot ng phc v quc phng v an ninh, doanh nghip hot ng  vng su, vng xa, bin gii, hi o v ngi qun l n v s nghip ngoi cng lp phi tham gia bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh. Ni dung bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho nhng i tng ny tp trung vo chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc v quc phng v an ninh. Nhng quy nh v bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho ngi qun l doanh nghip ngoi khu vc nh nc, n v s nghip ngoi cng lp khng p dng cho ngi nc ngoi. - i vi c nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c: C nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c thuc din bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh l chc sc, chc vic tn gio, gi lng, trng h tc, nh hot ng vn ha, x hi, khoa hc, ngh thut. Lut giao cho y ban nhn dn cp tnh ch tr, phi hp vi Mt trn T quc Vit Nam cng cp, c quan, t chc c lin quan t chc bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho c nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c. y ban nhn dn cp tnh cn c chng trnh khung ca B Quc phng, hng dn ca c quan, t chc c thm quyn, nhim v quc phng v an ninh ca a phng  xy dng v thc hin chng trnh, ni dung bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh ph hp vi c nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c. - Thm quyn triu tp, quy nh c s bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh: i tng trong c quan, t chc ca Nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc chnh tr - x hi; ngi qun l doanh nghip ngoi khu vc nh nc, n v s nghip ngoi cng lp; c nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c do Chnh ph quy nh. - Ch , quyn li i vi i tng bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh: Cn b, cng chc; vin chc qun l, i biu dn c, ngi qun l trong doanh nghip nh nc, nhng ngi hot ng khng chuyn trch  x; trng thn; trng cc on th  thn; ng vin ng Cng sn Vit Nam khi bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh c hng nguyn lng, ph cp; trng hp xa ni c tr c b tr ni ngh, h tr phng tin hoc thanh ton tin tu, xe mt ln i, v v h tr tin n do ngn sch nh nc bo m. Ngi qun l doanh nghip ngoi khu vc nh nc (doanh nghip c quy m va tr ln, doanh nghip hot ng phc v quc phng v an ninh), ngi qun l n v s nghip ngoi cng lp khi bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh c hng nguyn lng, ph cp, h tr phng tin hoc thanh ton tin tu, xe mt ln i, v v h tr tin n do doanh nghip ngoi khu vc nh nc, n v s nghip ngoi cng lp bo m; chi ph bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh, ni ngh cho i tng xa ni c tr do ngn sch nh nc bo m. Ngi qun l doanh nghip ngoi khu vc nh nc hot ng  vng su, vng xa, bin gii, hi o; c nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c (chc sc, chc vic tn gio, gi lng, trng h tc, nh hot ng vn ha, x hi, khoa hc, ngh thut) khi bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh xa ni c tr c b tr ni ngh, h tr phng tin hoc thanh ton tin tu, xe mt ln i, v v h tr tin n do ngn sch nh nc bo m. Ngi hon thnh chng trnh bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh c cp giy chng nhn. d) Ph bin kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho ton dn - Ni dung ph bin kin thc quc phng v an ninh: Nhng hiu bit cn thit v c lp, ch quyn, thng nht v ton vn lnh th ca T quc; m mu, th on hot ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch; nhim v quc phng v an ninh trong tng thi k; phng th dn s; trch nhim ca cng dn i vi s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. - Hnh thc ph bin kin thc quc phng v an ninh: Thng qua bo co vin, tuyn truyn vin v cc phng tin thng tin i chng; thng qua cc bui sinh hot cng ng dn c, hot ng ca Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, t chc on th, hot ng vn ha ngh thut, th dc, th thao, hot ng ca thit ch vn ha c s v cc hnh thc sinh hot vn ha truyn thng; lng ghp vo cc t gi cng dn nhp ngi, ngy k nim, ngy truyn thng; thng qua hot ng ca c quan, t chc qun l di sn vn ha vt th, phi vt th, khu bo tn thin nhin, khu tng nim, i k nim, ngh)a trang lit s, nh truyn thng, nh bo tng, cung vn ha, th thao thanh nin, thiu nin, cu lc b th thao quc phng v an ninh; cc hnh thc khc ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t ca tng a phng v cng ng dn c. Lut cn quy nh ph bin kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho ngi dn  khu vc bin gii, hi o, min ni, vng su, vng xa; ph bin kin thc quc phng v an ninh trong doanh nghip, n v s nghip; Lut cing quy nh gio vin, ging vin, bo co vin, tuyn truyn vin gio dc quc phng. ) Kinh ph gio dc quc phng v an ninh Kinh ph gio dc quc phng v an ninh bao gm: Kinh ph do Nh nc bo m, c b tr hng nm theo quy nh ca php lut v ngn sch nh nc; kinh ph do doanh nghip, n v s nghip bo m thc hin gio dc quc phng v an ninh theo quy nh ca Lut ny; khon kinh ph ny c tnh vo cc khon chi c tr khi xc nh thu nhp chu thu theo quy nh ca php lut; cc khon thu hp php khc. Ni dung chi gm: Chi thng xuyn; chi u t pht trin; cc khon chi khc theo quy nh ca php lut. Hng nm, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, c quan khc  Trung ng, y ban nhn dn cc cp c trch nhim lp d ton, chp hnh v quyt ton ngn sch cho nhim v gio dc quc phng v an ninh theo quy nh ca php lut. Doanh nghip, n v s nghip c k hoch bo m kinh ph thc hin nhim v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. e) Nhim v, quyn hn ca c quan, t chc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh - Ni dung qun l nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh: Ban hnh v t chc thc hin vn bn quy phm php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Tuyn truyn, ph bin vn bn quy phm php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Quy nh chng trnh, ni dung; bin son, xut bn, in, pht hnh gio trnh, sch gio khoa, ti liu; tiu chun gio vin, ging vin, tuyn truyn vin; tiu chun c s vt cht, thit b dy hc gio dc quc phng v an ninh v cp chng nhn bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh. Qun l ngun lc pht trin gio dc quc phng v an ninh. T chc, ch o vic o to, bi dng, qun l gio vin, ging vin, tuyn truyn vin gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc, cng ngh trong l)nh vc gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Hp tc quc t trong l)nh vc gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Thanh tra, kim tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co; s kt, tng kt, khen thng, x l vi phm vic chp hnh php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. - C quan qun l nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh: Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh trong phm vi c nc. B Quc phng ch tr, phi hp vi B Cng an, B Gio dc v o to gip Chnh ph thc hin qun l nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. B, c quan ngang b phi hp vi B Quc phng thc hin qun l nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh theo thm quyn. y ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh thc hin qun l nh nc v gio dc quc phng v an ninh ti a phng. Nhim v, quyn hn c th ca cc B: Quc phng; Gio dc v o to; Ni v; Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi; Thng tin v Truyn thng; ca b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v c quan, t chc  Trung ng; Hi ng nhn dn, y ban nhn dn cc cp, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin; Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh cc cp c Lut gio dc quc phng v an ninh quy nh. Nhim v, quyn hn ca Hi ng nhn dn cc cp: Quyt nh ngn sch bo m cho gio dc quc phng v an ninh  a phng theo quy nh ca php lut. Gim st U ban nhn dn cng cp v c quan nh nc  a phng trong vic thc hin php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Nhim v, quyn hn ca y ban nhn dn cc cp: Ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut, chng trnh, k hoch,  n v gio dc quc phng v an ninh theo thm quyn. Ch o, hng dn, t chc thc hin gio dc quc phng v an ninh ti a phng. Bi dng, tp hun, qun l i ngi tuyn truyn vin, gio vin, ging vin gio dc quc phng v an ninh trn a bn theo quy nh ca php lut. Phi hp vi y ban Mt trn T quc Vit Nam cng cp v cc t chc thnh vin ca Mt trn trong vic thc hin nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh v gio dc quc phng v an ninh; to iu kin  t chc, c nhn thc hin c hiu qu nhim v gio dc quc phng v an ninh  a phng. Thanh tra, kim tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co; s kt, tng kt, khen thng vic chp hnh php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Trch nhim ca Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin: T chc ph bin kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho on vin, hi vin ca t chc mnh. Phi hp vi c quan, t chc c lin quan tuyn truyn, vn ng cc tng lp nhn dn thng xuyn hc tp nng cao kin thc quc phng v an ninh; bi dng kin thc quc phng v an ninh cho c nhn tiu biu, ngi c uy tn trong cng ng dn c theo quy nh ca php lut. Gim st vic thc hin chnh sch, php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Vn ng t chc, c nhn tham gia, h tr hot ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh cc cp: Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh c thnh lp  Trung ng, qun khu, cp tnh, cp huyn, cp x. Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh lm vic theo ch  kim nhim, c chc nng phi hp lin ngnh lm tham mu, t vn cho ng, chnh quyn cc cp v cng tc gio dc quc phng v an ninh. C quan thng trc Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh  Trung ng l c quan B Quc phng,  qun khu l c quan qun khu,  cp tnh, cp huyn l c quan qun s cng cp,  cp x l Ban ch huy qun s cp x. Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh thnh lp Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh Trung ng, Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh qun khu; quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn ca Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh cc cp. y ban nhn dn cc cp quyt nh thnh lp Hi ng gio dc quc phng v an ninh  cp mnh. - Trch nhim ca ngi ng u c quan, t chc: Ch o, t chc thc hin, hng dn, n c, kim tra c quan, t chc thuc quyn thc hin quy nh ca php lut v gio dc quc phng v an ninh; thc hin s ch o, hng dn v cng tc gio dc quc phng v an ninh ca y ban nhn dn cc cp ni c quan, t chc c tr s. V. LUT DN QUN T V 1. Khi qut chung Lut Dn qun t v s 43/2009/QH 12 l mt o lut trong h thng php lut ca nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam. Lut quy nh v ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v; t chc, bin ch, vi kh trang b; nhim v, o to, bi dng, tp hun, hun luyn dn qun t v nng ct; hot ng ca dn qun t v; ch , chnh sch i vi dn qun t v v trch nhim qun l nh nc v dn qun t v; c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kha XII, k hp th 6 thng qua ngy 23 thng 11 nm 2009, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2010. Lut gm 9 chng, 66 iu. 2. 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$d`a$8,8:tlPR&(Ϳ͑Ϳr\I<hT5OJQJmHsH%hT5B*OJQJ\mHphsH+hqhT5B*OJQJ\mHphsHhT5hTOJQJmHsHhTB*OJQJmHphsH%hqhTB*OJQJmHphsHhTOJQJmHsHhqhTOJQJmHsHhT@OJQJmHsH hqhT@OJQJmHsHhzDhT5OJQJmHsH"hzDhT5OJQJ\mHsH(,.ZPRRUnUXX[[]]"`$`aaXddfBgggkk\n^noor*szv|vt%hqhTB*OJQJmHphsH+hqhT6B*OJQJ]mHphsHUhqhTOJQJmHsH"hqhT6OJQJ]mHsH%hzDhT56OJQJ\mHsH.hzDhT56B*OJQJ\mHphsH(h@56B*OJQJ\mHphsH$i sn ca Nh nc, lm nng ct cng ton dn nh gic  a phng, c s khi c chin tranh. Lc lng ny c t chc  x, phng, th trn (gi chung l cp x) gi l dn qun; c t chc  c quan ca Nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc chnh tr - x hi, n v s nghip, t chc kinh t (gi chung l c quan, t chc) gi l t v. - Thnh phn ca dn qun t v: Dn qun t v gm dn qun t v nng ct v dn qun t v rng ri; dn qun t v nng ct gm (dn qun t v c ng; dn qun t v ti ch; dn qun t v bin; dn qun t v phng khng, pho binh, cng binh, trinh st, thng tin, phng ho, y t). - Nguyn tc t chc, hot ng ca dn qun t v: Dn qun t v t di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, s thng l)nh ca Ch tch nc, s qun l, iu hnh ca Chnh ph m trc tip l s lnh o, ch o ca cp u ng, chnh quyn a phng cc cp; s ch huy thng nht ca B trng B Quc phng v s ch huy trc tip ca ch huy trng c quan qun s a phng. T chc v hot ng ca dn qun t v phi tun th Hin php v php lut; da vo dn, pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn v h thng chnh tr  thc hin nhim v. T chc, bin ch ca dn qun t v phi cn c vo yu cu nhim v quc phng, an ninh, gn vi a bn v nhim v ca n v sn xut, cng tc; bo m thun tin cho ch o, qun l, ch huy v ph hp vi iu kin kinh t - x hi ca tng a phng. - Nhim v ca dn qun t v: Sn sng chin u, chin u v phc v chin u  bo v a phng, c s; phi hp vi cc n v b i bin phng, hi qun, cnh st bin v lc lng khc bo v ch quyn, an ninh bin gii quc gia v ch quyn, quyn ch quyn trn cc vng bin Vit Nam. Phi hp vi cc n v qun i nhn dn, cng an nhn dn v lc lng khc trn a bn tham gia xy dng nn quc phng ton dn, khu vc phng th; gi gn an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi, bo v ng, chnh quyn, bo v tnh mng, ti sn ca nhn dn, ti sn ca Nh nc. Thc hin nhim v phng, chng, khc phc hu qu thin tai, dch bnh, tm kim, cu nn, bo v v phng, chng chy rng, bo v mi trng v nhim v phng th dn s khc. Tuyn truyn, vn ng nhn dn thc hin ch trng, ng li, chnh sch ca ng, php lut ca Nh nc v quc phng, an ninh; tham gia xy dng c s vng mnh ton din, xy dng v pht trin kinh t - x hi ti a phng, c s. Hc tp chnh tr, php lut, hun luyn qun s v din tp. Thc hin cc nhim v khc theo quy nh ca php lut. -  tui thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v trong thi bnh: Cng dn nam t  18 tui n ht 45 tui, cng dn n t  18 tui n ht 40 tui c ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v; nu tnh nguyn tham gia dn qun t v th c th n 50 tui i vi nam, n 45 tui i vi n. - Thi hn thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct trong thi bnh: Thi hn thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct l 04 nm. Cn c tnh hnh thc t, tnh cht nhim v v yu cu cng tc, thi hn thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct c th c ko di i vi dn qun khng qu 02 nm, i vi t v v ch huy n v dn qun t v c th c ko di hn nhng khng qu  tui quy nh ca Lut. Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp x, ngi ng u c quan, t chc quyt nh ko di thi hn thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct theo quy nh ca Lut Dn qun t v. -ng k, qun l dn qun t v: Thng 4 hng nm, Ch tch U ban nhn dn cp x, ngi ng u c quan, t chc c trch nhim t chc ng k ln u cho cng dn trong  tui thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v. Ban ch huy qun s cp x, ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s lp k hoch ng k, qun l dn qun t v rng ri. Dn qun t v nng ct khi vng mt  a bn cp x, c quan, t chc phi bo co vi ngi ch huy trc tip  qun l v huy ng khi cn thit. Dn qun t v nng ct thay i ni c tr hoc ni lm vic t 03 thng tr ln phi bo co vi ban ch huy qun s cp x ni c tr, ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s hoc ngi ch huy n v t v ni khng c ban ch huy qun s; n ni c tr hoc ni lm vic mi phi ng k vi u ban nhn dn cp x, c quan, t chc  thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v. - Hon thnh ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct trong thi bnh: Cng dn hon thnh ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct c Ch tch y ban nhn dn cp x, ngi ng u c quan, t chc cp Giy chng nhn hon thnh ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct. Cng dn  hon thnh ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v nng ct, nhng cn trong  tui quy nh ca Lut ny th chuyn sang dn qun t v rng ri hoc c ng k vo qun nhn d b theo quy nh ca php lut. b) T chc, bin ch, vi kh, trang b ca dn qun t v nng ct - T chc dn qun t v: T chc n v dn qun t v gm: T; tiu i, khu i; trung i; i i, hi i; tiu on, hi on. T chc ch huy qun s c s gm: Thn i; ban ch huy qun s cp x; ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s ni c t chc lc lng t v, c lc lng d b ng vin v ngun sn sng nhp ngi theo quy nh ca php lut; ban ch huy qun s B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ban ng  Trung ng, Vn phng Quc hi, Vn phng Ch tch nc, Kim ton nh nc, Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao, Ta n nhn dn ti cao, c quan Trung ng ca t chc chnh tr - x hi, tp on kinh t v tng cng ty nh nc do Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh thnh lp (sau y gi chung l Ban ch huy qun s B, ngnh Trung ng). - Quy m t chc ca dn qun t v: Thn; t chc t, tiu i, trung i dn qun ti ch; Cp x; t chc trung i dn qun c ng; theo yu cu nhim v c th t chc t, tiu i trinh st, thng tin, cng binh, phng ho, y t (x trng im v quc phng, an ninh t chc tiu i dn qun thng trc trong trung i dn qun c ng ca x; x ven bin, x o t chc tiu i, trung i dn qun bin); C quan, t chc; t chc tiu i, trung i, i i, tiu on t v. C quan, t chc c phng tin hot ng trn bin t chc tiu i, trung i, hi i, hi on t v bin; Trn c s cc n v dn qun t v quy nh nh trn, cn c vo yu cu nhim v, trn a bn cp huyn c th t chc i i dn qun t v c ng, trung i dn qun t v phng khng, pho binh, trung i dn qun t v lun phin thng trc; trn a bn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (sau y gi chung l cp tnh), c th t chc i i dn qun t v phng khng, pho binh. B trng B Quc phng quy nh vic m rng lc lng dn qun t v. - T chc t v trong doanh nghip: Cn c yu cu nhim v quc phng, an ninh, k hoch xy dng lc lng dn qun t v ca a phng  c cp c thm quyn ph duyt, s ph hp v quy m lao ng, t chc sn xut, kinh doanh ca doanh nghip vi t chc, hot ng ca dn qun t v. Doanh nghip cha t chc lc lng t v, th ch doanh nghip hoc ngi i din hp php ca ch doanh nghip c trch nhim t chc cho ngi lao ng ca doanh nghip thc hin ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v  a phng ni doanh nghip hot ng. - Chc v ch huy c bn ca dn qun t v: Ch huy n v dn qun t v gm: Tiu i trng, Khu i trng; Trung i trng; i i trng, Chnh tr vin i i; Hi i trng, Chnh tr vin hi i; Tiu on trng, Chnh tr vin tiu on; Hi on trng, Chnh tr vin hi on. Ch huy qun s  c s gm: Thn i trng; Ch huy trng, Chnh tr vin ban ch huy qun s cp x; Ch huy trng, Chnh tr vin ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s. Ch huy trng, Chnh tr vin ban ch huy qun s b, ngnh trung ng. Lut cing quy nh Ban ch huy qun s cp x; Ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s, Ban ch huy qun s b ngnh Trung ng, thn i. Trang phc, sao mi, ph hiu v giy chng nhn dn qun t v nng ct. Ni lm vic v trang b ca Ban ch huy qun s cp x; con du ca Ban ch huy qun s; thnh lp v gii th Ban ch huy qun s b ngnh Trung ng, t chc ch huy qun s c s v n v t v; thm quyn b nhim cn b Ban ch huy qun s b ngnh Trung ng, cn b ch huy qun s c s v cn b dn qun t v. Min nhim cn b Ban ch huy qun s b ngnh trung ng, cn b ch huy qun s c s v cn b dn qun t v. Vi kh, cng c h tr v phng tin k thut ca dn qun t v. c) o to, bi dng, tp hun cn b v hun luyn dn qun t v nng ct - o to cn b qun s ban ch huy qun s cp x: Ch huy trng v Ch huy ph ban ch huy qun s cp x c o to t trnh  trung cp chuyn nghip ngnh qun s c s tr ln. Vic o to trung cp chuyn nghip ngnh qun s c s c thc hin ti trng qun s cp tnh, o to trnh  cao hn ti nh trng cp qun khu, nh trng, hc vin thuc B Quc phng. B trng B Quc phng quy nh tiu chun, i tng, chng trnh, ni dung, thi gian o to v ban hnh quy ch o to. - Bi dng, tp hun cn b dn qun t v: Bi dng tp trung v chnh tr, qun s, php lut v nghip v chuyn mn c thc hin cho: Cn b ban ch huy qun s B, ngnh trung ng, ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s; cn b chuyn trch cng tc quc phng, qun s a phng; Ch huy trng, Ch huy ph ban ch huy qun s cp x cha qua o to trung cp chuyn nghip ngnh qun s c s. Tp hun hng nm c thc hin i vi cc i tng: Cn b ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s; cn b chuyn trch, cn b kim nhim cng tc quc phng, qun s a phng  c quan, t chc; cn b ban ch huy qun s cp x; thn i trng; cn b tiu on, hi on, i i, hi i, trung i, tiu i, khu i dn qun t v. B trng B Quc phng quy nh chng trnh, ni dung, thi gian v c s bi dng, tp hun cn b dn qun t v. - Hun luyn dn qun t v: Hng nm, dn qun t v nng ct c hun luyn qun s, gio dc chnh tr, php lut theo chng trnh c bn ca tng i tng ph hp vi nhim v v a bn hot ng. Thi gian hun luyn hng nm 15 ngy i vi dn qun t v nm th nht; 12 ngy i vi dn qun t v c ng, dn qun t v bin, dn qun t v phng khng, pho binh, cng binh, trinh st, thng tin, phng ho, y t; 7 ngy i vi dn qun t v ti ch; 60 ngy i vi dn qun thng trc. B trng B Quc phng quy nh chng trnh, ni dung hun luyn, danh mc vt cht bo m hun luyn dn qun t v. - o to, bi dng, tp hun cn b v hun luyn dn qun t v trong tnh trng khn cp v quc phng, tnh trng chin tranh: B trng B Quc phng quy nh chng trnh, ni dung, thi gian o to, bi dng, tp hun cn b v hun luyn dn qun t v trong tnh trng khn cp v quc phng, tnh trng chin tranh. d) Hot ng ca dn qun t v nng ct - Hot ng sn sng chin u: n v dn qun t v phi duy tr ch  hot ng theo cc trng thi sn sng chin u. Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp x, ngi ng u c quan, t chc c trch nhim ch o v bo m hot ng sn sng chin u ca dn qun t v thuc quyn. B trng B Quc phng quy nh nhim v, ni dung, ch  hot ng ca dn qun t v trong cc trng thi sn sng chin u v ca s ch huy cc cp v cng tc dn qun t v. - Hot ng chin u ca dn qun t v: Lm nng ct xy dng lng, x chin u v thc hin nhim v phng th dn s theo quy nh ca php lut. Phi hp vi b i ch lc, b i a phng v lc lng khc nh ch tin cng bng ha lc. Bo v vic phng trnh, s tn ca c quan, t chc v nhn dn; phi hp vi Cng an nhn dn v lc lng khc bo v an ninh, trt t  khu cn c hu phng, khu s tn nhn dn v c s kinh t, x hi trong thi chin. c lp hoc phi hp chin u, phc v chin u trong khu vc phng th di s ch huy ca ngi ch huy c quan qun s cp trn trc tip. Tham gia xy dng, cng c c s chnh tr trong thi chin v lm nng ct cng nhn dn u tranh chnh tr. Ch tch u ban nhn dn cc cp, ngi ng u c quan, t chc c trch nhim ch o vic bo m hot ng chin u ca dn qun t v thuc quyn trong khu vc phng th. - Hot ng bo v bin gii, bin, o: Dn qun t v c trch nhim phi hp vi B i Bin phng, Hi qun, Cnh st bin, Cng an nhn dn v lc lng khc nm tnh hnh an ninh trt t, sn sng lm nhim v bo v ch quyn, an ninh bin gii quc gia v ch quyn, quyn ch quyn trn cc vng bin Vit Nam. Chnh ph quy nh vic phi hp ca dn qun t v vi cc lc lng trong hot ng bo v bin gii, bin, o. - Hot ng bo v an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi: Dn qun t v c trch nhim phi hp vi Cng an nhn dn v lc lng khc nm tnh hnh, tun tra, canh gc, bo v mc tiu, bo v sn xut, bo v an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi  c s. Chnh ph quy nh vic phi hp ca dn qun t v vi cc lc lng trong hot ng bo v an ninh chnh tr, trt t, an ton x hi  c s. - Vn ng nhn dn v tham gia xy dng c s: Dn qun t v phi gng mu chp hnh v c trch nhim tham gia tuyn truyn, vn ng nhn dn chp hnh ng li, ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, php lut ca Nh nc. n v dn qun t v c trch nhim phi hp vi lc lng khc tham gia cc cuc vn ng, phong tro ca a phng xy dng c s vng mnh ton din. - Hot ng phng, chng, khc phc hu qu thin tai, dch bnh, tm kim, cu nn, bo v v phng, chng chy rng, bo v mi trng: Dn qun t v l lc lng nng ct ti ch thc hin nhim v phng, chng, khc phc hu qu thin tai, tm kim, cu nn  c s theo k hoch ca u ban nhn dn cc cp; phi hp vi lc lng khc trn a bn lm nhim v bo v v phng, chng chy rng, bo v mi trng v phng, chng dch bnh. Chnh ph quy nh vic phi hp gia dn qun t v vi kim lm v lc lng khc trong cng tc bo v v phng, chng chy rng. Lut cing quy nh thm quyn iu ng dn qun t v ) Ch , chnh sch i vi dn qun t v - Ch  ph cp trch nhim qun l, ch huy n v: Cn b Ban ch huy qun s cp x, Ban ch huy qun s b, ngnh trung ng, Ban ch huy qun s c quan, t chc  c s, thn i v cn b ch huy n v dn qun t v t cp tiu i, khu i tr ln c hng ph cp trch nhim qun l, ch huy n v. Chnh ph quy nh mc ph cp trch nhim qun l, ch huy n v dn qun t v. - Ch  tin lng, ph cp i vi cn b ban ch huy qun s cp x, thn i trng: Ch  tin lng i vi Ch huy trng Ban ch huy qun s cp x thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v cn b, cng chc. Ch huy ph Ban ch huy qun s cp x c hng ch  ph cp hng thng; ng v hng ch  bo him x hi, bo him y t theo quy nh ca php lut; trng hp c thi gian cng tc lin tc t  60 thng tr ln, nu ngh vic c l do chnh ng m cha  iu kin ngh hu th c hng tr cp mt ln. Cn b Ban ch huy qun s cp x c thi gian cng tc lin tc t  60 thng tr ln c hng ph cp thm nin. Thn i trng c hng ph cp hng thng. Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thc hin. Lut cing quy nh ch , chnh sch i vi dn qun, dn qun t v bin, dn qun thng trc. e) Qun l nh nc v dn qun t v - Qun l nh nc v dn qun t v: Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v dn qun t v trong phm vi c nc. B Quc phng chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph thc hin qun l nh nc v dn qun t v. U ban nhn dn cc cp, trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh, thc hin qun l nh nc v dn qun t v  a phng. Lut cing xc nh trch nhim ca B Quc phng, c quan qun s cc cp v ban ch huy qun s cp x; trch nhim ca cc B, ngnh; trch nhim ca y ban nhn dn cc cp v trch nhim ca ngi ng u c quan, t chc. VI. LUT BIN GII QUC GIA 1. Khi qut chung Bin gii quc gia ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thing ling, bt kh xm phm. Xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia c ngh)a c bit quan trng i vi s ton vn lnh th, ch quyn quc gia, gp phn gi vng n nh chnh tr, pht trin kinh t - x hi, tng cng quc phng v an ninh ca t nc. Lut Bin gii quc gia s 06/2003/QH11 quy nh v bin gii quc gia; ch  php l v bin gii quc gia; xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia v khu vc bin gii; ch  php l, quy ch qun l v bo v vng tip gip lnh hi, vng c quyn v kinh t, thm lc a ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam; c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kha XI, k hp th 3 thng qua ngy 17 thng 6 nm 2003, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2004. Lut gm 6 chng, 41 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca Lut a) Nhng quy nh chung Bin gii quc gia ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l ng v mt thng ng theo ng   xc nh gii hn lnh th t lin, cc o, cc qun o trong  c qun o Hong Sa v qun o Trng Sa, vng bin, lng t, vng tri ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam. Bin gii quc gia c xc nh bng iu c quc t m Vit Nam k kt hoc gia nhp hoc do php lut Vit Nam quy nh bao gm: - Bin gii quc gia trn bin: c hoch nh v nh du bng cc ta  trn hi  l ranh gii pha ngoi lnh hi ca t lin, lnh hi ca o, lnh hi ca qun o ca Vit Nam c xc nh theo Cng c ca Lin hp quc v Lut bin nm 1982 v cc iu c quc t gia Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam v cc quc gia hu quan. - Bin gii quc gia trn t lin: c hoch nh v nh du trn thc a bng h thng mc quc gii. - Bin gii quc gia trong lng t: L mt thng ng t bin gii quc gia trn t lin v bin gii quc gia trn bin xung lng t. - Bin gii quc gia trn khng: L mt thng ng t bin gii quc gia trn t lin v bin gii quc gia trn bin ln vng tri. - Khu vc bin gii: Khu vc bin gii trn t lin gm x, phng, th trn c mt phn a gii hnh chnh trng hp vi bin gii quc gia trn t lin; khu vc bin gii trn bin tnh t bin gii quc gia trn bin vo ht a gii hnh chnh x, phng, th trn gip bin v o, qun o; khu vc bin gii trn khng gm phn khng gian dc theo bin gii quc gia c chiu rng 10 kilmt tnh t bin gii quc gia tr vo. - Cc hnh vi b nghim cm: X dch, ph hoi mc quc gii; lm sai lch, chch hng i ca ng bin gii quc gia; lm i dng chy t nhin ca sng, sui bin gii; gy h hi mc quc gii. Ph hoi an ninh, trt t, an ton x hi  khu vc bin gii; xm canh, xm c  khu vc bin gii; ph hoi cng trnh bin gii. Lm cn kit ngun nc, gy ngp ng, gy nhim mi trng, xm phm ti nguyn thin nhin v li ch quc gia. Qua li tri php bin gii quc gia; bun lu, vn chuyn tri php hng ho, tin t, vi kh, ma tu, cht nguy him v chy, n qua bin gii quc gia; vn chuyn qua bin gii quc gia vn ho phm c hi v cc loi hng ho khc m Nh nc cm nhp khu, xut khu. Bay vo khu vc cm bay; bn, phng, th, a qua bin gii quc gia trn khng phng tin bay, vt th, cc cht gy hi hoc c nguy c gy hi cho quc phng, an ninh, kinh t, sc kho ca nhn dn, mi trng, an ton hng khng v trt t, an ton x hi  khu vc bin gii. Cc hnh vi khc vi phm php lut v bin gii quc gia. b) Ch  php l v bin gii quc gia, khu vc bin gii Vic xut cnh, nhp cnh, qu cnh, xut khu, nhp khu qua bin gii quc gia c thc hin ti ca khu; vic qu cnh qua bin gii vo lnh th t lin, vng bin, vng tri phi tun th quy nh i theo cc tuyn ng b, ng st, ng thu ni a, ng hng hi, ng hng khng; vic qua li bin gii ca nhn dn trong khu vc bin gii c thc hin ti ca khu hoc ni m ra cho qua li bin gii. Ngi, phng tin, hng ho qua li bin gii quc gia phi c y  giy t hp php v chu s kim tra, kim sot ca cc c quan c thm quyn theo quy nh ca php lut. Vic m ca khu v ni m ra cho qua li bin gii, nng cp ca khu, ng ca khu, xc nh cc tuyn ng b, ng st, ng thu ni a, ng hng hi, ng hng khng dng cho vic qu cnh do Chnh ph quyt nh theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam hoc iu c quc t m Vit Nam k kt hoc gia nhp. Vic ra, vo ca khu, tm tr v cc hot ng khc  khu vc ca khu phi tun theo quy nh ca php lut. Khu vc kim sot c thit lp ti ca khu  cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn thc hin vic kim tra, kim sot, lm cc th tc xut cnh, nhp cnh, qu cnh, xut khu, nhp khu theo quy nh ca php lut. Chnh ph quy nh c quan ch tr phi hp  qun l v gi gn an ninh, trt t ti khu vc ca khu. Tu bay ch c bay qua bin gii quc gia v vng tri Vit Nam sau khi c c quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam cho php, phi tun th s iu hnh, kim sot v hng dn ca c quan qun l bay Vit Nam, tun theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t m Vit Nam k kt hoc gia nhp. Trong trng hp v l do quc phng, an ninh, l do c bit khc hoc theo  ngh ca nc hu quan, ngi, phng tin, hng ho c th b hn ch hoc tm ngng qua li bin gii quc gia, k c vic i qua khng gy hi trong lnh hi Vit Nam. Thm quyn quyt nh vic hn ch, tm ngng do Chnh ph quy nh. Quyt nh v vic hn ch, tm ngng phi c thng bo cho chnh quyn a phng v nh chc trch ca nc hu quan bit. Trong trng hp xy ra tai nn, s c hoc v l do khch quan khc buc phi qua bin gii quc gia m khng th tun theo cc quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut Vit Nam th ngi iu khin phng tin phi thng bo ngay vi cng v, c quan cu h v cu nn quc gia, c quan qun l bay hoc c quan c thm quyn khc ca Vit Nam ni gn nht v thc hin theo s hng dn ca c quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam. D n xy dng  khu vc bin gii c lin quan n bin gii quc gia phi tun th quy hoch v c c quan c thm quyn ph duyt; khi thc hin phi tun theo quy ch khu vc bin gii, cc quy nh khc ca php lut v khng c cn tr vic qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Mi hot ng c lin quan n bin gii quc gia ti khu du lch, dch v, thng mi, khu kinh t ca khu v cc khu kinh t khc trong khu vc bin gii phi tun theo quy ch khu vc bin gii. Quy ch khu vc bin gii do Chnh ph quy nh. c) Xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia, khu vc bin gii Nh nc c chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch u t xy dng khu vc bin gii vng mnh ton din v chnh tr, kinh t - x hi, quc phng, an ninh; c chnh sch u tin, to iu kin thun li cho nhn dn nh c  khu vc bin gii. Hng nm, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, u ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh lp k hoch u t xy dng cc d n pht trin kinh t - x hi, xy dng kt cu h tng, iu chnh dn c khu vc bin gii, cng trnh bin gii trnh Chnh ph quyt nh. Nh nc u tin u t xy dng cng trnh bin gii, mc quc gii  qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Nh nc xy dng nn bin phng ton dn v th trn bin phng ton dn vng mnh  qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Ngy 03 thng 3 hng nm l  Ngy bin phng ton dn . Bin gii quc gia, h thng mc quc gii, cng trnh bin gii phi c gi gn, qun l, bo v nghim ngt. Ngi pht hin mc quc gii b h hi, b mt, b sai lch v tr lm chch hng i ca ng bin gii quc gia hoc cng trnh bin gii b h hi phi bo ngay cho B i Bin phng hoc chnh quyn a phng, c quan ni gn nht. Vic khi phc, sa cha mc quc gii phi tun theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t m Vit Nam k kt. Vic gii quyt v vic xy ra lin quan n bin gii quc gia phi tun theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t m Vit Nam k kt hoc gia nhp. Xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia, khu vc bin gii l nhim v ca Nh nc v ca ton dn, trc ht l ca chnh quyn, nhn dn khu vc bin gii v cc lc lng vi trang nhn dn. B i Bin phng l lc lng nng ct, chuyn trch, phi hp vi lc lng Cng an nhn dn, cc ngnh hu quan v chnh quyn a phng trong hot ng qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia, gi gn an ninh, trt t, an ton x hi  khu vc bin gii theo quy nh ca php lut. Cc lc lng lm nhim v bo v bin gii quc gia c s dng vi kh, cng c h tr, phng tin k thut, phng tin chuyn dng theo quy nh ca php lut. Nh nc c chnh sch, ch  u i i vi ngi trc tip v ngi c huy ng lm nhim v qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Ngi c c quan c thm quyn huy ng tham gia bo v bin gii quc gia m hy sinh, b thng, b tn hi v sc kho th c hng chnh sch, ch  nh i vi dn qun, t v tham gia chin u v phc v chin u. T chc, c nhn c phng tin, ti sn c c quan c thm quyn huy ng trong trng hp cp thit  tham gia bo v bin gii quc gia b thit hi th c bi thng theo quy nh ca php lut. Hng nm, Nh nc dnh ngn sch thch ng bo m cho hot ng xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Ngun ti chnh bo m cho vic xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia bao gm: Ngn sch nh nc cp; cc ngun thu khc theo quy nh ca php lut. Chnh ph quy nh c th ch  qun l, s dng ngun ti chnh cho hot ng xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. d) Qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia Ni dung qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia bao gm: Xy dng v ch o thc hin chin lc, chnh sch v bin gii quc gia; ban hnh v t chc thc hin cc vn bn quy phm php lut v bin gii quc gia, chnh sch, ch  v xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia; m phn, k kt v t chc thc hin iu c quc t v bin gii quc gia; tuyn truyn, ph bin, gio dc php lut v bin gii quc gia; quyt nh xy dng cng trnh bin gii, cng trnh kinh t - x hi  khu vc bin gii; nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc v cng ngh phc v vic xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia; xy dng lc lng nng ct, chuyn trch; o to, bi dng nng cao trnh  chuyn mn, nghip v v qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia; thanh tra, kim tra, gii quyt khiu ni, t co v x l vi phm php lut v bin gii quc gia; hp tc quc t trong vic xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia; quy nh nhim v, quyn hn, phm vi trch nhim phi hp gia cc b, c quan ngang b, u ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng ni c bin gii quc gia thc hin qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia. B Quc phng ch tr phi hp vi B Ngoi giao, B Cng an chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph thc hin qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia. Cc b, c quan ngang b trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim thc hin qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia. U ban nhn dn cc cp ni c bin gii quc gia thc hin qun l nh nc v bin gii quc gia theo quy nh ca Chnh ph. VII. LUT BIN VIT NAM 1. Khi qut chung Lut Bin Vit Nam l mt vn kin php l quan trng, khng nh ch quyn ca Vit Nam i vi vng bin quc gia, to c s v hnh lang php l cho mi cng vic s dng, khai thc v bo v vng bin nc nh. Lut Bin Vit Nam s 18/2012/QH 13 quy nh v ng c s, ni thy, lnh hi, vng tip gip lnh hi, vng c quyn kinh t, thm lc a, cc o, qun o Hong Sa, qun o Trng Sa v qun o khc thuc ch quyn, quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia ca Vit Nam; hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam; pht trin kinh t bin; qun l v bo v bin, o; c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kha XIII, k hp th 3 thng qua ngy 21 thng 6 nm 2012, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2013. Lut gm 7 chng, 55 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca Lut a) Nhng quy nh chung - Vng bin quc t: L tt c cc vng bin nm ngoi vng c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam v cc quc gia khc, nhng khng bao gm y bin v lng t di y bin. - V nguyn tc v chnh sch qun l v bo v bin: Lut Bin Vit Nam nu r qun l v bo v bin c thc hin thng nht theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam, ph hp vi Hin chng Lin hp quc v cc iu c quc t khc m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin; Nh nc pht huy sc mnh ton dn tc v thc hin cc bin php cn thit  bo v ch quyn bin, o ca nc ta, bo v ti nguyn v mi trng bin, pht trin kinh t bin. Mi c quan, t chc v cng dn c trch nhim bo v ch quyn bin, o, bo v ti nguyn v mi trng bin. Nh nc khuyn khch v bo h hot ng ca ng dn trn cc vng bin; u t bo m hot ng ca cc lc lng tun tra, kim sot trn bin. - V i ngoi: Lut Bin Vit Nam khng nh chnh sch i ngoi ho bnh ca Nh nc ta v ch trng nht qun ca ta l gii quyt cc tranh chp lin quan bin, o vi cc nc khc bng cc bin php ha bnh, ph hp vi Cng c Lut Bin nm 1982, php lut v thc tin quc t. Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh nu iu c quc t m Vit Nam tham gia c quy nh khc so vi cc quy nh ca Lut Bin Vit Nam th p dng cc quy nh ca cc iu c quc t . Nh nc ta y mnh hp tc quc t v bin vi cc nc, cc t chc quc t v khu vc, trong  nu nhiu l)nh vc hp tc c th v bin v i dng nh iu tra, nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc v cng ngh; bo v a dng sinh hc bin v h sinh thi bin; tm kim, cu nn trn bin; phng chng ti phm trn bin; pht trin du lch bin... - Qun l Nh nc v bin: L mt cng vic ln v phc tp, c lin quan n nhiu b, ngnh v a phng trong c nc.  m bo nguyn tc qun l bin thng nht, ng b v hiu qu, Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v bin trong phm vi c nc; cc B, c quan ngang B, y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph ven bin trc thuc Trung ng trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh thc hin qun l nh nc v bin. b) Vng bin Vit Nam - Vng bin Vit Nam bao gm ni thy, lnh hi, vng tip gip lnh hi, vng c quyn kinh t v thm lc a thuc ch quyn, quyn ch quyn v quyn ti phn quc gia ca Vit Nam, c xc nh theo php lut Vit Nam, iu c quc t v bin gii lnh th m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin v ph hp vi Cng c ca Lin hp quc v Lut bin nm 1982. - V ng c s dng  tnh chiu rng lnh hi Vit Nam: Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh ng c s dng  tnh chiu rng lnh hi Vit Nam l ng c s thng  c Chnh ph cng b. Nm 1982, Chnh ph  ra Tuyn b v vic xc nh cc im chun dng  tnh ng c s cho vng bin Vit Nam bt u t o Hn Nhn (thuc qun o Th Chu) n o Cn C, gm 10 on thng gy khc ni gia cc im nh ra xa nht ca cc o ven b v b bin Vit Nam khi ngn nc thy triu xung thp nht c xc nh theo phng php  ng c s thng quy nh trong Cng c ca Lin hp quc v Lut Bin nm 1982 v ph hp vi thc tin quc t; ng c s ca ta  c tha nhn trn thc t. Cn c ng c s Chnh ph tuyn b nm 1982, chng ta  xc nh cc vng bin (ni thy, lnh hi, vng tip gip lnh hi, vng c quyn kinh t) v thm lc a Vit Nam; ly  lm c s  xy dng bo co xc nh ranh gii ngoi thm lc a Vit Nam trnh Lin hp quc thng 5/2009. Mt s khu vc hin cha c ng c s nh Vnh Bc B v cc qun o Hong Sa, Trng Sa th Chnh ph s xc nh v cng b sau khi c y ban Thng v Quc hi ph chun. - V phm vi v ch  php l ca ni thu: Ni thu ca nc ta l vng nc tip gip vi b bin,  pha trong ng c s v l b phn lnh th ca Vit Nam. Nh nc ta thc hin ch quyn hon ton, tuyt i v y  i vi ni thy nh trn lnh th t lin. - V phm vi v ch  php l ca lnh hi: Lnh hi l vng bin c chiu rng 12 hi l (mi hi l bng 1852m) tnh t ng c s ra pha bin. Ranh gii ngoi ca lnh hi l bin gii quc gia trn bin ca Vit Nam. Nh nc thc hin ch quyn y  v ton vn i vi lnh hi v vng tri, y bin v lng t di y bin ca lnh hi ph hp vi Cng c ca Lin hp quc v Lut Bin nm 1982. Tu thuyn ca tt c cc quc gia c hng quyn i qua khng gy hi trong lnh hi Vit Nam. i vi tu qun s nc ngoi khi thc hin quyn i qua khng gy hi trong lnh hi Vit Nam, thng bo trc cho c quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam. Vic i qua khng gy hi ca tu thuyn nc ngoi phi c thc hin trn c s tn trng ha bnh, c lp, ch quyn, php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin. Cc phng tin bay nc ngoi khng c vo vng tri  trn lnh hi Vit Nam, tr trng hp c s ng ca Chnh ph Vit Nam hoc thc hin theo iu c quc t m nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin. Nh nc c ch quyn i vi mi loi hin vt kho c, lch s trong lnh hi Vit Nam. - V phm vi v ch  php l ca vng tip gip lnh hi: Vng tip gip lnh hi l vng bin tip lin v nm ngoi lnh hi Vit Nam, c chiu rng 12 hi l tnh t ranh gii ngoi ca lnh hi. Nh nc thc hin quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia v cc quyn khc nh i vi vng c quyn kinh t. Nh nc thc hin kim sot trong vng tip gip lnh hi nhm ngn nga v trng tr hnh vi vi phm php lut v hi quan, thu, y t, xut nhp cnh xy ra trn lnh th hoc trong lnh hi Vit Nam. Nh nc ta c quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia v cc quyn khc nh i vi vng c quyn kinh t. Ngoi ra, ta c thm mt s quyn, c th: tin hnh kim sot  ngn nga v x l hnh vi vi phm php lut v hi quan, thu, y t, xut nhp cnh xy ra trn lnh th hoc trong lnh hi Vit Nam. - V phm vi v ch  php l vng c quyn kinh t: Vng c quyn kinh t l vng bin tip lin v nm ngoi lnh hi Vit Nam, hp vi lnh hi thnh mt vng bin c chiu rng 200 hi l tnh t ng c s. Trong vng c quyn kinh t, Nh nc thc hin: Quyn ch quyn v vic thm d, khai thc, qun l v bo tn ti nguyn thuc vng nc bn trn y bin, y bin v lng t di y bin; v cc hot ng khc nhm thm d, khai thc vng ny v mc ch kinh t; quyn ti phn quc gia v lp t v s dng o nhn to, thit b v cng trnh trn bin; nghin cu khoa hc bin, bo v v gn gi mi trng bin; cc quyn v ngh)a v khc ph hp vi php lut quc t. Nh nc tn trng quyn t do hng hi, hng khng; quyn t dy cp, ng dn ngm v hot ng s dng bin hp php ca cc quc gia khc trong vng c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam theo quy nh ca Lut ny v iu c quc t m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin, khng lm phng hi n quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia v li ch quc gia trn bin ca Vit Nam. Vic lp t dy cp v ng dn ngm phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca Vit Nam. T chc, c nhn nc ngoi c tham gia thm d, s dng, khai thc ti nguyn, nghin cu khoa hc, lp t cc thit b v cng trnh trong vng c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam trn c s cc iu c quc t m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin, hp ng c k kt theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam hoc c php ca Chnh ph Vit Nam, ph hp vi php lut quc t c lin quan. Cc quyn c lin quan n y bin v lng t di y bin quy nh nh i vi thm lc a. - V phm vi v ch  php l ca thm lc a: Thm lc a l vng y bin v lng t di y bin, tip lin v nm ngoi lnh hi Vit Nam, trn ton b phn ko di t nhin ca lnh th t lin, cc o v qun o ca Vit Nam cho n mp ngoi ca ra lc a. Trong trng hp mp ngoi ca ra lc a ny cch ng c s cha  200 hi l th thm lc a ni  c ko di n 200 hi l tnh t ng c s. Trong trng hp mp ngoi ca ra lc a ny vt qu 200 hi l tnh t ng c s th thm lc a ni  c ko di khng qu 350 hi l tnh t ng c s hoc khng qu 100 hi l tnh t ng ng su 2.500 mt. Nh nc thc hin quyn ch quyn i vi thm lc a v thm d, khai thc ti nguyn; quyn ch quyn v thm d, khai thc ti nguyn c tnh cht c quyn, khng ai c quyn tin hnh hot ng thm d thm lc a hoc khai thc ti nguyn ca thm lc a nu khng c s ng ca Chnh ph Vit Nam; Nh nc c quyn khai thc lng t di y bin, cho php v quy nh vic khoan nhm bt k mc ch no  thm lc a. Nh nc tn trng quyn t dy cp, ng dn ngm v hot ng s dng bin hp php khc ca cc quc gia khc  thm lc a Vit Nam theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc iu c quc t m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin, khng lm phng hi n quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia v li ch quc gia trn bin ca Vit Nam. Vic lp t dy cp v ng dn ngm phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca Vit Nam. T chc, c nhn nc ngoi c tham gia thm d, s dng, khai thc ti nguyn, nghin cu khoa hc, lp t thit b v cng trnh  thm lc a ca Vit Nam trn c s iu c quc t m nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam l thnh vin, hp ng k kt theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam hoc c php ca Chnh ph Vit Nam, ph hp vi php lut quc t c lin quan. - Quy nh v o, qun o v ch  php l ca o, qun o: o l mt vng t t nhin c nc bao bc, khi thy triu ln vng t ny vn  trn mt nc. Qun o l mt tp hp cc o, bao gm c b phn ca cc o, vng nc tip lin v cc thnh phn t nhin khc c lin quan cht ch vi nhau. Lut Bin Vit Nam khng nh cc o, qun o thuc ch quyn Vit Nam l b phn khng th tch ri ca lnh th Vit Nam v Nh nc thc hin ch quyn trn cc o, qun o ny. Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh o thch hp cho i sng con ngi hoc cho mt i sng kinh t ring th c ni thy, lnh hi, vng tip gip lnh hi, vng c quyn kinh t v thm lc a; o  khng thch hp cho i sng con ngi hoc cho mt i sng kinh t ring th khng c vng c quyn kinh t v thm lc a. c) Hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam - Quy nh chung: Lut Bin Vit Nam nu r trch nhim ca mi t chc, c nhn khi hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam l phi tn trng ch quyn, ton vn lnh th, quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia v li ch quc gia ca Vit Nam, tun th quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v php lut quc t c lin quan. Nh nc ta tn trng v bo h cc quyn v li ch hp php ca tu thuyn, t chc, c nhn nc ngoi hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin. - i qua khng gy hi trong lnh hi: i qua lnh hi l vic tu thuyn nc ngoi i trong lnh hi Vit Nam nhm mt trong cc mc ch sau: i ngang qua nhng khng i vo ni thy Vit Nam, khng neo u li trong mt cng trnh cng, bn hay ni tr u  bn ngoi ni thy Vit Nam; i vo hoc ri khi ni thy Vit Nam hay u li hoc ri khi mt cng trnh cng, bn hay ni tr u  bn ngoi ni thy Vit Nam. Vic i qua lnh hi phi lin tc v nhanh chng, tr trng hp gp s c hng hi, s c bt kh khng, gp nn hoc v mc ch phi cu gip ngi, tu thuyn hay tu bay ang gp nn. Vic i qua khng gy hi trong lnh hi khng c lm phng hi n ha bnh, quc phng, an ninh ca Vit Nam, trt t an ton trn bin. Vic i qua ca tu thuyn nc ngoi trong lnh hi Vit Nam b coi l gy phng hi n ha bnh, quc phng, an ninh ca Vit Nam, trt t an ton x hi nu tu thuyn  tin hnh bt k mt hnh vi sau y: e da hoc s dng vi lc chng li c lp, ch quyn v ton vn lnh th ca Vit Nam; e da hoc s dng vi lc chng li c lp, ch quyn v ton vn lnh th ca quc gia khc; thc hin cc hnh vi tri vi cc nguyn tc c bn ca php lut quc t c quy nh trong Hin chng Lin hp quc; luyn tp hay din tp vi bt k kiu, loi vi kh no, di bt k hnh thc no; thu thp thng tin gy thit hi cho quc phng, an ninh ca Vit Nam; tuyn truyn nhm gy hi n quc phng, an ninh ca Vit Nam; phng i, tip nhn hay xp phng tin bay ln tu thuyn; phng i, tip nhn hay xp phng tin qun s ln tu thuyn; bc, d hng ha, tin bc hay a ngi ln xung tu thuyn tri vi quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v hi quan, thu, y t hoc xut nhp cnh; c gy nhim nghim trng mi trng bin; nh bt hi sn tri php; nghin cu, iu tra, thm d tri php; lm nh hng n hot ng ca h thng thng tin lin lc hoc ca thit b hay cng trnh khc ca Vit Nam; tin hnh hot ng khc khng trc tip lin quan n vic i qua. - Ngh)a v khi thc hin quyn i qua khng gy hi: Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh t chc, c nhn nc ngoi khi thc hin quyn i qua khng gy hi trong lnh hi Vit Nam phi tun th quy nh php lut Vit Nam lin quan n an ton hng hi, bo v thit b v h thng bo m hng hi, ng dy cp ngm, bo tn ti nguyn bin, gi gn mi trng bin... Thuyn trng tu thuyn nc ngoi chy bng nng lng ht nhn hoc chuyn ch cht phng x, cht c hi hoc nguy him, khi i trong lnh hi Vit Nam, phi mang y  ti liu k thut lin quan ti tu thuyn v hng ha trn tu thuyn, ti liu v bo him dn s bt buc; sn sng cung cp cho cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn ca Vit Nam mi ti liu lin quan n thng s k thut ca tu thuyn cing nh ca hng ha trn tu thuyn; thc hin y  cc bin php phng nga c bit ng theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin p dng i vi loi tu thuyn ny; tun th quyt nh ca c quan c thm quyn ca Vit Nam v vic p dng bin php phng nga c bit, k c cm khng c i qua lnh hi Vit Nam hoc buc phi ri ngay khi lnh hi Vit Nam trong trng hp c du hiu hoc bng chng r rng v kh nng gy r r hoc lm nhim mi trng. - i vi tu qun s, tu thuyn cng v, tu ngm v phng tin i ngm khc ca nc ngoi: Tu qun s v tu thuyn cng v ca nc ngoi l i tng c bit nn cc tu ny ch c vo ni thu, cc cng trnh cng, bn hay ni tr u ca ta  bn ngoi ni thu ca ta theo li mi ca Chnh ph ta hoc theo tho thun gia cc c quan c thm quyn ca nc ta v quc gia m tu mang c. Khi  trong ni thu, cng ca ta, cc tu ny phi hot ng ph hp vi li mi hoc tho thun v phi tun th cc quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam c lin quan. Nu cc tu ny vi phm php lut Vit Nam th phi tun th cc yu cu, mnh lnh ca lc lng tun tra, kim sot trn bin ca Vit Nam bao gm c vic phi ri khi lnh hi Vit Nam ngay lp tc nu ang  trong lnh hi Vit Nam v quc gia m tu mang c phi chu trch nhim v mi thit hi do tu thuyn  gy ra cho Vit Nam. Lut Bin Vit Nam cing quy nh tu ngm v cc phng tin i ngm khc khi  trong ni thy, lnh hi Vit Nam phi ni trn mt nc, phi treo c quc tch (tr trng hp c Chnh ph Vit Nam cho php hoc c tho thun vi chnh ph ca quc gia m tu thuyn  mang c). - Tm kim, cu h v cu nn: Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh nguyn tc mi c nhn, tu thuyn tin hnh cu gip ngi, tu thuyn gp nn nu iu kin thc t cho php v khng gy nguy him n tu thuyn v ngi ang  trn tu thuyn ca mnh; c quan c thm quyn c quyn huy ng tu thuyn Vit Nam v yu cu tu thuyn nc ngoi ang hot ng trong vng bin nc ta tham gia tm kim, cu nn nu iu kin cho php v khng gy nguy him cho c nhn v tu thuyn c huy ng, yu cu. - Nhng quy nh cm hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam: Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh r khi thc hin cc quyn t do hng hi v t do hng khng trong vng c quyn kinh t v thm lc a, cc t chc, c nhn nc ngoi khng c e da ch quyn, quc phng, an ninh ca Vit Nam; khai thc tri php ti nguyn sinh vt, nh bt hi sn tri php; khai thc tri php dng chy, nng lng gi v ti nguyn phi sinh vt khc; xy dng, lp t, s dng tri php cc thit b, cng trnh nhn to; khoan, o tri php; tin hnh nghin cu khoa hc tri php; gy nhim mi trng bin; cp bin, cp c vi trang; v cc hot ng bt hp php khc theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v php lut quc t. V vic cm tng tr, s dng, mua bn tri php vi kh, cht n, cht c hi: Lut quy nh khi hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam, tu thuyn, t chc, c nhn khng c tng tr, s dng, mua bn tri php vi kh hoc cht n, cht c hi cing nh cc loi phng tin thit b khc c kh nng gy hi i vi ngi, ti nguyn v nhim mi trng bin. Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh cm mi t chc, c nhn hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam mua bn ngi, mua bn, vn chuyn, tng tr tri php cht ma tu: Khi c cn c v hnh vi ny, cc lc lng tun tra, kim sot trn bin c quyn khm xt, bt gi, dn gii v cng, bn Vit Nam hoc dn gii, chuyn giao n cng, bn nc ngoi  x l. Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh cm pht sng tri php hoc tuyn truyn, gy phng hi cho quc phng, an ninh ca Vit Nam khi t chc, c nhn hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam; pht trin kinh t bin; tun tra kim sot trn bin; x l vi phm. VIII. PHP LNH V LC LNG D B NG VIN 1. Khi qut chung Php lnh v lc lng D b ng vin l cng c php l, do nh nc ban hnh nhm tng cng hiu lc qun l nh nc, nng cao trch nhim ca cc c quan nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc kinh t, t chc x hi, n v vi trang nhn dn v mi cng dn trong vic xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin  b sung, tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c nhu cu chin u. Php lnh v lc lng D b ng vin quy nh xy dng v huy ng ng lc lng d b ng vin; c U ban Thng v Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam kho IX thng qua ngy 27 thng 8 nm 1996,c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 09 thng 09 nm 1996. Php lnh gm 7 chng, 37 iu. 2. Ni dung c bn ca Lut a) Quy nh chung Nh nc xy dng lc lng d b ng vin hng hu  b sung, tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c nhu cu chin u. Lc lng d b ng vin gm qun nhn d b v phng tin k thut  xp trong k hoch b sung cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i. Qun nhn d b gm s) quan d b, qun nhn chuyn nghip d b v h s) quan, binh s) d b. Phng tin k thut gm phng tin vn ti, lm ng, xp d, thng tin lin lc, y t v mt s loi phng tin khc. Danh mc phng tin k thut do Chnh ph quy nh. Xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin t di s lnh o ca ng cng sn Vit Nam, s thng l)nh ca Ch tch nc v s qun l, iu hnh ca Chnh ph Trong trng hp tht cn thit v l do quc phng, an ninh v li ch quc gia, nh nc iu ng phng tin k thut thuc s hu ton dn, trng mua, trng dng phng tin k thut thuc s hu c nhn, t chc ca Vit Nam  b sung, tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i v  trin khai k hoch xy dng, huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. Vic trng mua, trng dng phng tin k thut c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut. Cc c quan nh nc, Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin, t chc kinh t, t chc x hi, n v vi trang nhn dn v mi cng dn c trch nhim thc hin nhng quy nh v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin ca Php lnh ny v cc vn bn php lut khc c lin quan b) Xy dng lc lng d b ng vin Xy dng lc lng d b ng vin gm: ng k, qun l qun nhn d b v ng k, qun l phng tin k thut; t chc, bin ch n v d b ng vin; qun l, hun luyn, din tp, kim tra n v d b ng vin; thc hin cng tc ng, cng tc chnh tr; bo m hu cn, trang b k thut v ti chnh; chun b cc iu kin cn thit khc  sn sng huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. ng k, qun l qun nhn d b thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut Ngh)a v qun s v Lut v s) quan Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. Ch , th tc ng k v qun l phng tin k thut thuc din huy ng b sung cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i do Chnh ph quy nh. Chnh ph giao ch tiu xy dng lc lng d b ng vin v nhim v bo m hu cn, trang b k thut, ti chnh trong vic xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin cho cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph v cc u ban nhn dn cp tnh. B trng B Quc phng quy nh quy m, loi hnh t chc v s lng n v d b ng vin do cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph, u ban nhn dn cp tnh xy dng, ng thi phn b n v d b ng vin cho cc n v thng trc ca qun i. Cn c vo ch tiu, nhim v c giao, cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph, u ban nhn dn cp tnh lp k hoch xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. Qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut trong k hoch b sung cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i c t chc thnh cc n v d b ng vin. n v d b ng vin phi c duy tr  qun s, trang b phng tin k thut. Vic sp xp qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut vo n v d b ng vin do Chnh ph quy nh. U ban nhn dn cp tnh v u ban nhn dn cp huyn trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh sp xp qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut c trn a bn a phng vo cc n v d b ng vin, tr s qun nhn d b v phng tin k thut  xp trong cc n v d b ng vin do cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph xy dng v tr s phng tin k thut ca cc ngnh, a phng v cc t chc c gi li  duy tr hot ng trong chin tranh. T l phng tin k thut c gi li  duy tr hot ng trong chin tranh do Chnh ph quy nh. U ban nhn dn cp tnh, u ban nhn dn cp huyn ch o c quan qun s cng cp t chc, bin ch, qun l, hun luyn n v d b ng vin ca a phng v phi hp vi cc n v ch lc trong vic t chc, bin ch, qun l, hun luyn n v d b ng vin ca b i ch lc; cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph c ch tiu xy dng lc lng d b ng vin ch o cc n v trc thuc phi hp vi n v thng trc ca qun i trong vic t chc, bin ch, qun l, hun luyn n v d b ng vin. Ch  phi hp trong vic t chc, bin ch, qun l, hun luyn n v d b ng vin do B trng B Quc phng quy nh. Vic b nhim s) quan, qun nhn chuyn nghip, h s) quan, binh s) d b gi chc v trong n v d b ng vin thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut v s) quan Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam v cc vn bn php lut khc c lin quan. Ch tiu hun luyn, din tp, kim tra n v d b ng vin hng nm ca cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph, ca cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng do Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh. Vic gi qun nhn d b tp trung hun luyn, din tp, kim tra thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut Ngh)a v qun s v Lut v s) quan Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. Vic iu ng c thi hn phng tin k thut  xp trong n v d b ng vin thuc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph xy dng  tp trung hun luyn, din tp, kim tra do B trng, Th trng c quan  quyt nh theo k hoch  c ph chun. Vic iu ng c thi hn, trng dng s lng phng tin k thut  xp trong n v d b ng vin thuc a phng xy dng  tp trung hun luyn, din tp, kim tra do Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp tnh quyt nh; vic iu ng c thi hn, trng dng tng phng tin k thut do Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp huyn quyt nh theo k hoch  c ph chun.  bo m cho vic hun luyn, din tp, kim tra n v d b ng vin trong k hoch  c ph chun, Ch tch u ban nhn dn cc cp c quyn huy ng nhn lc v phng tin khng xp trong cc n v d b ng vin c trn a phng mnh. Php lnh cing quy nh trch nhim chp hnh ca qun nhn d b  xp trong n v d b ng vin; B trng B Quc phng quy nh ch  sinh hot ca cc n v d b ng vin, ch  bo co, ch  kim tra cng tc xy dng lc lng d b ng vin... c) Huy ng lc lng d b ng vin Huy ng lc lng d b ng vin gm: Thng bo lnh huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; tp trung qun nhn d b v phng tin k thut; vn chuyn v giao nhn lc lng d b ng vin; thc hin cng tc ng, cng tc chnh tr; thc hin cng tc bo m hu cn, trang b k thut v ti chnh. Lc lng d b ng vin c huy ng trong cc trng hp sau: B sung cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c lnh tng ng vin hoc lnh ng vin cc b v trong chin tranh; tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c nhu cu chin u  bo v a phng, bo v ch quyn lnh th m cha n mc phi ng vin cc b. Thm quyn huy ng lc lng d b ng vin khi c lnh tng ng vin hoc lnh ng vin cc b v trong chin tranh: Chnh ph quyt nh huy ng s lng qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut v quyt nh chuyn giao s lng phng tin k thut thuc d tr quc gia cho B Quc phng; cn c quyt nh ca Chnh ph, B trng B Quc phng ra lnh huy ng cc n v d b ng vin  tng tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng, tng B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph; quyn gi qun nhn d b nhp ngi thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut Ngh)a v qun s v Lut v s) quan Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam; cn c quyt nh ca Chnh ph, lnh ca B trng B Quc phng, B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph quyt nh iu ng phng tin k thut trong n v d b ng vin do c quan mnh xy dng; Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp tnh iu ng s lng phng tin k thut trong n v d b ng vin do a phng mnh xy dng; Ch tch u ban nhn dn cp huyn quyt nh iu ng tng phng tin k thut; thm quyn trng mua, trng dng phng tin k thut thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut. Vic huy ng nhn lc v phng tin  trin khai k hoch huy ng lc lng d b ng vin, Ch tch u ban nhn dn cc cp c quyn huy ng nhn lc v phng tin khng xp trong cc n v d b ng vin c trn a phng mnh. Chnh ph quy nh cc trng hp c th c huy ng lc lng d b ng vin  tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i; quy nh thm quyn, thi hn, s lng n v d b ng vin c huy ng lm nhim v tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c nhu cu chin u  bo v a phng, bo v ch quyn lnh th m cha n mc phi ng vin cc b. Vic thng bo lnh huy ng lc lng d b ng vin ti cng dn, c quan nh nc, t chc chnh tr, t chc kinh t, t chc x hi, n v qun i c nhim v giao nhn lc lng d b ng vin do Chnh ph quy nh. Vic tp trung, vn chuyn, giao nhn lc lng d b ng vin c quy nh nh sau: U ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh thc hin vic tp trung qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut, vn chuyn v bn giao cho cc n v thng trc ca qun i; cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph ch o cp di thuc quyn thc hin vic tp trung qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut, vn chuyn v bn giao cho cc n v thng trc ca qun i; cc n v thng trc ca qun i trin khai tip nhn lc lng d b ng vin v n nh t chc bin ch, trang b ca n v mnh; qun nhn d b c trch nhim chp hnh lnh gi nhp ngi, c nhn, t chc c phng tin k thut phi chp hnh lnh iu ng, trng mua, trng dng; a im giao nhn lc lng d b ng vin thc hin theo quy nh ca B trng B Quc phng, bn giao c trch nhim bo m n,  cho qun nhn d b n khi bn giao xong, qu trnh tp trung, vn chuyn v giao nhn lc lng d b ng vin phi m bo an ton. B trng B Quc phng quy nh thi hn hon thnh vic huy ng v t chc ch o qu trnh huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. d) Ch  chnh sch, kinh ph xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin Qun nhn d b khi tham gia hun luyn, din tp, kim tra sn sng ng vin, sn sng chin u c hng quyn li theo quy nh ca Lut Ngh)a v qun s v Lut v s) quan Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam. Quyn li ca qun nhn d b c huy ng i lm nhim v tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c nhu cu chin u  bo v a phng, bo v ch quyn lnh th m cha n mc phi ng vin cc b; quyn li ca ch phng tin v ca ngi c huy ng phc v cc nhim v hun luyn, din tp, kim tra n v d b ng vin trong k hoch  c ph chun do Chnh ph quy nh. Qun nhn d b gi chc v ch huy n v d b ng vin c quy m t chc t tiu i hoc tng ng tr ln, hng qu c hng khon ph cp trch nhim qun l n v bng h s so vi lng ti thiu nh sau: Tiu i trng 0,25; trung i trng 0,30; ph i i trng 0,35; i i trng 0,40; ph tiu on trng 0,45; tiu on trng 0,50; ph trung on trng 0,55; trung don trng 0,60. Kinh ph xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin c bo m bng ngun sau y: Ngn sch nh nc cp cho B Quc phng v cc B, ngnh  Trung ng chi cho cng tc quc phng; ngn sch nh nc do Trung ng phn cp cho a phng chi cho cng tc quc phng. Kinh ph cho xy dng, huy ng lc lng d b ng vin c chi cho nhng cng vic sau y: ng k, qun l qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut, qun l n v d b ng vin; hun luyn, din tp, kim tra lc lng d b ng vin; iu ng, trng mua v trng dng phng tin k thut; huy ng, bn giao cc n v d b ng vin cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i v huy ng n v d b ng vin tng cng cho lc lng thng trc ca qun i khi c nhu cu chin u  bo v a phng, bo v ch quyn lnh th m cha n mc phi ng vin cc b; xy dng, trang b phng tin cho s ch huy ng vin, trm tp trung qun nhn d b, phng tin k thut v doanh tri bo m cho n v d b ng vin khi tp trung hun luyn; d tr phng tin k thut, hu cn vt cht bo m cho lc lng d b ng vin khi huy ng v nhng cng vic khc theo quy nh ca php lut e) Qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin Ni dung qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin bao gm: Ban hnh v hng dn thi hnh cc vn bn php lut v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; xy dng v ch o thc hin k hoch xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; quy nh v t chc thc hin cc ch , chnh sch v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; thanh tra, kim tra vic thi hnh php lut v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; tuyn truyn, gio dc, ng vin nhn dn tham gia xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; s kt, tng kt cng tc xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin trong phm vi c nc. B Quc phng gip Chnh ph qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; hng dn, ch o, n c, kim tra vic thc hin ca cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph, u ban nhn dn cc cp, t chc chnh tr, t chc kinh t, t chc x hi trong vic xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. T lnh qun khu gip B trng B Quc phng trc tip hng dn, ch o, kim tra vic xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin ca cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng trn a bn qun khu. Cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim phi hp vi B Quc phng thc hin qun l Nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng b ng vin v t chc thc hin k hoch xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin c Chnh ph giao. U ban nhn dn cc cp thc hin qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin trong phm vi a phng. C quan qun s a phng phi hp vi c quan hu quan gip u ban nhn dn cng cp thc hin qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin, cc t chc x hi  cc cp c trch nhim gio dc, ng vin hi vin, on vin ca t chc mnh v vn ng nhn dn thc hin nhng quy nh v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin; gim st vic thc hin qun l nh nc v xy dng v huy ng lc lng d b ng vin theo quy nh ca Php lnh ny. KT LUN Nghin cu ni dung c bn ca mt s lut thuc l)nh vc quc phng, an ninh cho thy, h thng vn bn php lut ca nc ta  dn hon thin, p ng c thc tin ca cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a trong tnh hnh mi. Lut Quc phng quy nh chnh sch quc phng, nguyn tc, ni dung c bn v hot ng quc phng; hot ng ca lc lng vi trang nhn dn; nhim v, quyn hn ca c quan, t chc; quyn v ngh)a v ca cng dn v quc phng. Lut An ninh quc gia quy nh quyn, ngh)a v, trch nhim ca c quan, t chc, cng dn trong bo v an ninh quc gia. Lut Ngh)a v qun s quy nh cng dn c ngh)a v qun s, tham gia xy dng quc phng ton dn. Lut Gio dc quc phng v an ninh quy nh nguyn tc, chnh sch, ni dung c bn, hnh thc gio dc quc phng v an ninh; nhim v, quyn hn ca c quan, t chc, quyn v trch nhim ca cng dn v gio dc quc phng v an ninh. Lut Dn qun t v quy nh v ngh)a v tham gia dn qun t v; t chc, nhim v, hot ng ca dn qun t v; ch , chnh sch i vi dn qun t v v trch nhim qun l nh nc v dn qun t v. Lut Bin gii quc gia quy nh v bin gii quc gia; ch  php l v bin gii quc gia; xy dng, qun l, bo v bin gii quc gia. Lut Bin Vit Nam quy nh v ng c s, ni thy, lnh hi, vng tip gip lnh hi, vng c quyn kinh t, thm lc a, cc o, qun o thuc ch quyn, quyn ch quyn, quyn ti phn quc gia ca Vit Nam; hot ng trong vng bin Vit Nam; pht trin kinh t bin; qun l v bo v bin, o. Php lnh v lc lng D b ng vin quy nh xy dng v trng hp huy ng lc lng d b ng vin. Nghin cu, hc tp nhng ni dung c bn ca cc Lut trn l ht sc cn thit, nhm nng cao nhn thc v trch nhim ca mi cp, mi ngnh, mi t chc v mi cng dn, lm c s nh hng v t tng chnh tr; xc nh trch nhim, quyn li, ngh)a v ca cc t chc v c nhn trong thc hin nhim v quc phng, an ninh bo v T quc. ng thi u tranh vi nhng quan im, t tng sai tri v cc hot ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch. TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Quc hi (2003), Lut Bin gii quc gia, S 06/QH11, H Ni. 2. Quc hi (2005), Lut An ninh quc gia, QH11, k hp th 6, H Ni. 3. Quc hi (2005), Lut Ngh)a v qun s, QH11, k hp th 7, H Ni. 4. Quc hi (2005), Lut Quc phng, S 39/QH11, H Ni. 5. Quc hi (2009), Lut Dn qun t v, S 43/QH12, H Ni. 6. Quc hi (2012), Lut Bin Vit Nam, S 18/QH13, H Ni. 7. Quc hi (2013), Gio dc quc phng v an ninh, S 30/QH13, H Ni. 8. y ban Thng v Quc hi (1996), Php lnh v lc lng D b ng vin, QH 9, k hp th 8, H Ni.     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