ࡱ> q` F@bjbjqPqP v::AULvvvv$.'.'.'P~' (d2dj((4.).).)***ucwcwcwcwcwcwc$ehhRcQ+*"*++cvv.).)c111+v8.).)uc1+uc11Z^.)( @Sz.'[._\&acd02d\fVh.VhL^^Vh`|*"+1(+<+***ccq/J***2d++++D".'.'vvvvvv  M U Trong xu th m ca, hi nhp hin nay, cc th lc th ch v cc loi ti phm khng ngng gia tng cc hot ng chng ph cch mng. Chng li dng mi s h, thiu st ca chng ta trong qu trnh i mi, qu trnh xy dng nn kinh t th trng nhiu thnh phn theo nh hng x hi ch ngh)a  tn cng vo vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn, vai tr qun l x hi ca Nh nc. Cing trong qu trnh ny, bn cnh nhng vn  an ninh truyn thng, thi gian va qua  xut hin nhng mi e da n an ninh quc gia t nhng vn  an ninh phi truyn thng. V vy, ng ta  xc nh,  gi vng an ninh quc gia, bo v vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn, bo v ch  x hi ch ngh)a, cn phi lm cho mi cn b, ng vin v qun chng nhn dn hiu r cc quan im ca ng v an ninh quc gia v xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn trong tnh hnh hin nay; nhn r cc mi e da an ninh quc gia, c bit l cc mi e da t an ninh phi truyn thng; nh gi ng tnh hnh an ninh quc gia; thy r trch nhim ca mi cng dn trong vic thc hin cc gii php m bo an ninh quc gia& T  to s ng thun cao trong x hi, trc ht l trong ni b ng, ni b cc c quan nh nc v ni b nhn dn v nhng vn  lin quan n an ninh quc gia, xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn trong tnh hnh hin nay. Chuyn   Quan im ch trng ca ng, chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc Vit Nam v an ninh quc gia v xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn trong tnh hnh mi tp trung gii thiu nhng nhn thc mi v an ninh quc gia, an ninh truyn thng v an ninh phi truyn thng; nhng yu t tc ng n an ninh quc gia ca Vit Nam hin nay; nhng gii php m bo an ninh quc gia v nhng nhn thc c bn v xy dng nn an ninh nhn dn, th trn an ninh nhn dn trong tnh hnh hin nay. Phn 1 QUAN IM, CH TRNG CA NG CNG SN VIT NAM CHNH SCH PHP LUT CA NH NC V AN NINH QUC GIA 1. Nhn thc chung v an ninh quc gia a) Khi nim an ninh quc gia Lut An ninh quc gia xc nh: An ninh quc gia l s n nh, pht trin bn vng ca ch  x hi ch ngh)a v Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, s bt kh xm phm c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th ca T quc. Ni hm ca khi nim An ninh quc gia gm ba yu t c bn sau: Mt l: an ninh th ch chnh tr (hay cn gi l an ninh chnh tr).  Vit Nam, ni an ninh chnh tr l ni n m bo vai tr lnh o ca ng cng sn Vit Nam; vai tr qun l x hi ca Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngh)a Vit Nam, khi i on kt ton dn tc& Hai l: an ninh dn c, l m bo cho mi ngi dn trn mi min ca T quc c c mt cuc sng m no, hnh phc, m bo lng tin ca dn i vi ng v Nh nc lun c gi vng& Ba l: an ninh lnh th, l gi vng s ton vn lnh th ca T quc, khng  cho nc ngoi ln chim; u tranh lm tht bi m mu i ly khai, t tr ca cc i tng chng i  trong nc. An ninh quc gia l mt khi nim quan trng trong chnh tr hc, c s dng rng ri trong i sng chnh tr quc t. Ni dung c bn ca an ninh quc gia l li ch quc gia. Tuy nhin, li ch quc gia l yu t m, ni dung ca n ph thuc vo nhn thc ca quc gia v li ch cn phi bo v v v th ca quc gia  trn trng quc t. Theo , ni hm an ninh quc gia c xc nh tng ng vi v th, tm nhn v kh nng, tim lc bo v ca quc gia. Chnh v l , mc d c xut pht im chung, nhng quan nim v an ninh quc gia ca mi nc khng hon ton ging nhau. Vi nhng nc ln (nh M, Nga, Trung quc& ) tim lc v kinh t v an ninh quc phng mnh, c vai tr v v th ln trn trng quc t th quan nim v an ninh quc gia c xc nh tng i rng, khng ch dng li  phm vi bo v li ch quc gia  bn trong lnh th, m cn vn n tm khu vc v quc t, thm ch mt s quc gia cn xc nh bin gii mm, cho rng  u c li ch ca h th bin gii ca h n . Vi nhng nc m tim lc v kinh t, an ninh quc phng cn hn ch th quan nim v an ninh quc gia ch yu hng vo bo v cc li ch bn trong ca quc gia, trong  ch yu l cc li ch v chnh tr. b) An ninh phi truyn thng T khi chin tranh lnh kt thc, i u qun s trn quy m ton cu khng cn (t ra l khng cn cng thng nh trc), uy hip v e da qun s trc tip i u vi cc nc gim xung, song nguy c e da ti s pht trin, n nh chnh tr v an ninh x hi, an ninh con ngi xut pht t nhng nhn t phi qun s ngy cng gay gt.  l ch ngh)a dn tc cc oan; ch ngh)a khng b; nguy c khng hong ti chnh, tin t; nguy c cn kit ngun nng lng; vn  an ninh lng thc; an ninh mng; bin i kh hu; bun lu ma ty; dch bnh truyn nhim; di dn bt hp php& Nhng him ha nu trn  gy ra s lo s v cm gic bt an trong x hi, buc cc quc gia phi quan tm  tm hng gii quyt nhm tip tc m bo s n nh v pht trin. Tuy nhin, cc nhn t nu trn khng phi u mi xut hin sau khi chin tranh lnh kt thc, m c nhiu nhn t  ny sinh v tn ti t trong thi k i u ng - Ty (1946 - 1991), thm ch mt s nhn t  xut hin t hng trm nm, hng ngn nm trc (nh ch ngh)a dn tc, tn gio cc oan, ti phm c t chc hoc cc hot ng khng b& ). Nhng trong bi cnh chin tranh lnh, s b quan ta cng gia hai phe i lp khin vn  bn trong ca mi quc gia tr thnh lnh a ring; ng thi trong bi cnh th gii cng thng vi nguy c chin tranh thng trc, th tc ng ca nhng nhn t ny rt m nht. Trong iu kin ton cu ha v pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc cng ngh hin nay, cc nhn t ni trn mi c iu kin pht trin, tr thnh xu hng ph bin, e da n an ninh quc gia ca cc nc. Nhng nhn t nu trn c cc quc gia trn th gii xc nh l vn  an ninh phi truyn thng (Nontraditional Security)  phn bit vi cc vn  an ninh truyn thng. An ninh truyn thng v an ninh phi truyn thng khc nhau c bn trn cc kha cnh sau y: - An ninh truyn thng l quan nim v an ninh quc gia theo ngh)a hp, l bo v t nc trc cc mi e da hoc tn cng qun s t bn ngoi; hoc theo ngh)a rng l bo v t nc trc cc mi e da c t bn ngoi v bn trong. Cn an ninh phi truyn thng l ni n nhng nhn t mi xut hin, hoc mi tr thnh xu hng ph bin trong nhng thp k gn y c kh nng e da n s sinh tn v pht trin ca nhiu quc gia v c cng ng quc t - An ninh truyn thng gn lin vi li ch v chnh tr, kinh t, x hi bn trong ca mi quc gia. Cn an ninh phi truyn thng th phm vi nh hng rng ln hn, thm ch mang tnh ton cu, nh an ninh mi trng, an ninh ti chnh, tin t, an ninh vn ha, truyn thng, phng chng khng b, ti phm xuyn quc gia, cc loi tai nn, t nn x hi. - An ninh truyn thng gn lin vi m mu, hot ng ca cc c quan c bit nc ngoi, ca cc th lc th ch, chng ph ca cc loi ti phm khc. Cn an ninh phi truyn thng khng ch ny sinh t m mu ca ch m cn c nhiu mi e da ny sinh t pha chng ta (do nhng vic lm thiu tnh ton khoa hc ca chng ta trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t, x hi& ) Tuy nhin, trong xu th ton cu ha v hi nhp quc t su rng, a chiu nh hin nay, cc mi quan h, cc l)nh vc ca i sng x hi ngy cng gn b cht ch vi nhau, thm nhp, tc ng, nh hng ln nhau, vic tch bit u l an ninh truyn thng v u l an ninh phi truyn thng ch mang tnh tng i bi s an xen, chng ln ni dung gia chng. Nhng vn  an ninh phi truyn thng  v ang t ra nhng thch thc rt ln i vi cc quc gia trn ton cu. i hi cc quc gia phi lin kt vi nhau  cng tm cch i ph vi nhng nh hng ca cc mi e da ny. C th nu khi qut cc mi e da t nhng vn  an ninh phi truyn thng trn cc kha cnh sau y: - Cc mi e da t thin nhin, nh: cc hin tng bin i kh hu ton cu; nhim mi trng sng, thin tai (ng t, sng thn, li lt& ) bnh dch (HIV/AIDS, SARS, cm gia cm& ). Nhng mi e da ny tuy t thin nhin nhng li c nguyn nhn su xa t cc hnh ng ca con ngi. - Cc mi e da do xung t x hi, nh: xung t tn gio, dn tc; bo lon; ly khai; ph bin vi kh ht nhn, vi kh git ngi hng lot; khng b, tnh trng bo lc x hi& - Cc mi e da do hot ng ca cc loi ti phm, nh: Ti phm mng, ti phm cng ngh cao; ti phm xuyn quc gia, ti phm v ma ty, bun lu, cp bin& - Cc mi e da t nhng bt cp v c ch, chnh sch qun l x hi ca chnh quyn cc cp, nh: Khai thc ti nguyn ba bi dn n cn kit ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, e da n an ninh nng lng; khng hong kinh t ti chnh, tin t; vi phm dn ch, nhn quyn; bng pht dn s dn n i ngho& c) Cc mi e da t an ninh phi truyn thng  Vit Nam hin nay Vit nam cing nh cc quc gia khc trn th gii, u ang phi i mt vi nhng mi e da an ninh phi truyn thng. Tuy nhin, do nhng iu kin c th v a l t nhin v chnh tr, x hi ca chng ta m cc mi e da an ninh phi truyn thng cing c nhng kha cnh khc vi cc nc khc trn th gii. Trn c s thc tin tnh hnh cng tc bo v an ninh quc gia ca chng ta trong thi gian va qua, c th nu khi qut v cc mi e da an ninh phi truyn thng ang tn ti  Vit nam nh sau: Mt l: Mi e da t an ninh kinh t Trong bi cnh ton cu ha v hi nhp quc t, an ninh kinh t c vai tr c bit quan trng i vi an ninh quc gia. Thc t cc cuc khng hong kinh t nhng nm va qua  chng minh mt cch su sc hn vai tr trung tm ca an ninh kinh t trong an ninh quc gia. Nu khng m bo c an ninh kinh t s khng th bo v c an ninh quc gia. Nhng nm qua, mc d c nh gi l im sng trong tng trng kinh t  khu vc, nhng nn kinh t nc ta mi ch va vt qua ngng km pht trin  tr thnh nc ang pht trin. Quy m nn kinh t cn nh b, kh nng t ch km, ni lc cha cao, cn ph thuc vo ngun vn ca nc ngoi. Bn cnh , nng lc iu hnh, qun l v) m ca chng ta i vi nn kinh t cn nhiu yu km, bt cp. C ch, chnh sch cn nhiu s h, to iu kin cho cc loi ti phm hot ng gy tn tht cho cc li ch kinh t ca t nc, t  gy mt lng tin ca nhn dn. Trong hp tc quc t v kinh t, chng cing cn nhiu yu km, to s h  cc i tc nc ngoi li dng gy ra cc nguy c e da n an ninh quc gia, nh: nguy c tt hu xa hn na v kinh t; nguy c chch hng x hi ch ngh)a; nguy c tham nhing& Hai l: Mi e da t an ninh x hi Trong qu trnh chuyn i ca nc ta hin nay, ang pht sinh nhiu vn  bt cp bn trong chng ta cha th gii quyt c. dn n nhng mu thun tch t trong lng x hi, tim n nguy c xung t x hi. Chng ta  thc hin nhiu chnh sch pht trin kinh t, tn gio, dn tc nhng vn cha gii quyt c n tho cc vn  phc tp trong tn gio, dn tc, nht l ti cc vng chin lc. Tnh trng khiu kin, nh cng, ln cng din ra  hu khp cc tnh, thnh, tr thnh vn  nng bng i vi an ninh ni a. n nay,  hu ht cc a phng u tn ti cc v khiu kin ng ngi c bit phc tp ko di. Nhiu v khng ch nhm i quyn li dn sinh m cn c yu t ch mc ni, kch ng, lng ghp vo mc tiu chnh tr. Nhng nm qua  xy ra hng trm v ln cng, nh cng vi hng nghn ngi tham gia, trong  c ni  c yu t ch tc ng nh ti M Phong - Tr Vinh (nm 2010), ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh (thng 3/2011). Nhiu v phc tp v trt t x hi khng c gii quyt thu o dn n hu qu nghim trng xy ra  mt s a phng nh: Bc Giang, Gia Lai,  Nng,... Xut hin tm l bo lc trong mt b phn nhn dn khi xy ra tnh hung c va chm, tranh chp vi cc cn b thi hnh cng v. Xu hng trng bng rn, khu hiu, t tp ng ngi ko ln tr s chnh quyn phn i, biu tnh ang thc s tr thnh mt mi e do di vi an ninh x hi. iu ng ch l cc th lc th ch bn ngoi v i tng bn trong ang tm cch li dng, kch ng tm l bc xc trong qun chng m mu lm  cch mng mu  Vit Nam. T u nm 2011 n nay, sau bin ng chnh tr ti khu vc Trung ng, Bc Phi; nht l cc cuc  cch mng hoa nhi ,  cch mng ng ph lt  chnh quyn lan rng ti 18/24 nc Bc Phi - Trung ng, bn phn ng lu vong ngi Vit v s phn t chng i trong nc nh gi y l thi im chn mui, cn tp hp lc lng.  trong nc mt s i tng  tm cch kch ng qun chng nhn dn biu tnh chng i. Chng li dng mt s s kin phc tp v tnh hnh an ninh ch quyn bin o ca Vit Nam hoc cc v vic trong nc nh li dng biu tnh phn i ch trng thay th 6.700 cy xanh ca H Ni  kch ng qun chng nhn dn chng li chnh quyn H Ni v chng li ng, Nh nc. C quan an ninh  pht hin 35 t chc phn ng lu vong v 20 i tng chng i  trong nc tn pht  Tuyn ngn ,  Li ku gi, Thng co kch ng ngi dn trong nc thc hin  Cch mng ho nhi", "cch mng hoa sen" lt  nh nc Vit Nam. Thi gian qua, trc nhng din bin phc tp cng thng trn bin ng, cc th lc th ch  li dng  ku gi qun chng xung ng biu tnh chng Trung Quc tp trung  H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh, mc tiu nhm kch ng ln sng biu tnh chng i ng, Chnh ph, s dng p lc biu tnh ng ph  lt  ch  nh nc ta nh mt s quc gia Trung ng - Bc Phi trong nhng nm qua. Chng ta  phi hp lc lng ngn chn, gii quyt kp thi m bo an ninh chnh tr. Tuy nhin, trong iu kin nhng din bin trn bin ng vn tip tc cng thng nh hin nay, mi e do ny vn ang tn ti, v tr thnh nhim v trng tm trong cng tc m bo an ninh ti cc thnh ph ln. Ba l, mi e do t an ninh ni b Mt tri ca c ch th trng, m ca, hi nhp  tc ng trc tip n t tng ca cn b, ng vin, lm ny sinh nhng vn  phc tp mi trong ni b, e do n s n nh v pht trin ca ch  chnh tr v nh nc. Khng t cn b, ng vin b lung lc ch, b tc ng bi lun iu chin tranh tm l, ph hoi t tng ca cc th lc th ch bc l t tng bn khon, lo lng v tin  ca ch ngh)a x hi, ch ngh)a Mc - L nin; ph nhn thng li ca cch mng; m h mt cnh gic, mt phng hng, mun ng ta phi  ci cch ,  m rng dn ch Mt b phn khng nh cn b, ng vin, thm ch  c cn b qun l cp suy thoi v t tng, chnh tr, o c, li sng, quan liu, hch dch, xa di qun chng  v ang lm gim st uy tn ca ng, nh hng tiu cc n hiu lc qun l, iu hnh ca chnh quyn. Ti nhiu a phng xut hin tnh trng cn b c s hot ng km hiu qu, khng nm c tnh hnh, tham nhing, c hip qun chng. y l yu t gy mt nim tin ca qun chng vo ng, chnh quyn, to ra cc phn ng x hi, to iu kin cho cc th lc th ch li dng tuyn truyn, li ko chng ng, Nh nc. Mi e do  t din bin trong ni b ngy cng r nt,  xut hin nhiu kin trong mt s cn b, ng vin c ng chc v ngh hu khng ng thun vi ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc  nhiu cp  khc nhau. H dng danh ngh)a gp cho Vn kin i hi ng, th ng, hi k,...  a cc vn  gy tn hi n uy tn ca ng, ph nh ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, nhng thnh tu pht trin ca t nc. Trong mt b phn thanh nin, sinh vin, k c mt s cn b tr nhiu trin vng & xut hin nhiu vn  t tng phc tp,  c nhng quan im lch lc, cho rng sm hay mun ng Cng sn Vit Nam s sp , Vit Nam s chuyn sang ch  a nguyn, a ng hoc t vit  n t th ", k  Thnh nguyn th a ln mng cng khai thch thc chnh quyn. Mt s  b cc t chc phn ng lu vong mc ni a i o to, hun luyn v phng thc u tranh  bt bo ng m thc cht l cc k nng tp hp lc lng, kch ng biu tnh gy ri, thc hin "Cch mng ng ph"  Vit Nam. Thc t, tnh trng  suy thoi ,  t din bin ,  t chuyn ho trong ni b  v ang din ra m thm  mi ngnh, mi cp. Thi gian gn y, nhn t ny pht trin theo chiu hng ngy cng xu, tr thnh mi e do trc tip n s tn vong ca ch  chnh tr v Nh nc x hi ch ngh)a, n thnh suy ca dn tc nu chng ta khng c gii php quyt lit v ng b  ngn chn, y li. Bn l, mi e do t an ninh thng tin Cuc cch mng khoa hc cng ngh hin i, nht l s bng n ca cng ngh thng tin ton cu  cho ra i nhng cng c v cng tin ch,  l Internet v cng ngh lin lc khng dy. Tuy nhin, nhn di gc  an ninh, cc cng c ny cing ang tr thnh him ha i vi s n nh v pht trin bnh thng ca cc nc. Internet ang c coi l  chin trng th 5 trong cuc tranh u tranh v li ch ca con ngi ngoi bu tri, mt t, khng gian, bin. An ninh thng tin, nht l an ninh mng ang thc s tr thnh mi lo ngi i vi an ninh quc gia ca mi nc, thm ch  ngay ti M - quc gia c trnh  khoa hc k thut cao nht, l qu hng ca Iternet. i vi Vit Nam, s pht trin ca cc phng tin thng tin v truyn thng cng vi s yu km, bt cp trong qun l ca ta ang l iu kin thun li cho cc th lc th ch, cc i tng phn ng trong v ngoi nc tin hnh cc hoat ng xm phm an ninh quc gia t nc. S bng n in thoi di ng v Internet  Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y  t gnh nng cho cng tc qun l. Vi 140 triu thu bao di ng (ng th 7 th gii v s lng thu bao di ng) v hn 40% dn s Vit Nam tip cn s dng dch v mng l mt bi ton cho cc nh qun l trong vic hng ti mc tiu m bo an ninh, an ton thng tin, cing nh phng nga cc hot ng li dng mng thng tin gy tn hi li ch nh nc, x hi v c nhn. Internet v in thoi di ng ang to ra mt  x hi khng gian o" bn cnh x hi ang chuyn i ca nc ta. Trn , cing hin hu y  nhng bt cp, him ho e do s an ton ca c nhn, cng ng v nh nc. Hin nay, ta vn cha c phng php hu hiu no  qun l, kim sot mng Itemet v thu bao di ng tr trc. Li dng im yu ny, thi gian qua, cc th lc th ch li dng trit  cng c Internet  tuyn truyn ph hoi t tng, mc ni c s, thu thp tin tc tnh bo.... Trn mng Itemet xut hin hng trm website ca cc t chc phn ng lu vong cng hng nghn Blog c nhn c ni dung khng lnh mnh. Ngy m 24/24h lc no cing c phng hi thoi trc tuyn cc lun iu chng ng, Nh nc, vi mt s lng ng o hc sinh, sinh vin tham gia. Khng ch dng  tuyn truyn, ph hoi t tng, cc i tng  s dng cng ngh thng tin  phi hp, tin hnh cc hnh ng chng i. Nhiu v kch ng biu tnh, t tp ng ngi c truyn i t Internet v tin nhn in thoi di ng; cc v khng b e do tnh mng ca nhiu ngi, gy mt n nh chnh tr x hi c kch n bng mt cuc gi di ng. Bn cnh nhng him ho i vi an ninh x hi, an ninh chnh tr, Internet v in thoi di ng cn l phng tin n cha nhng mi e do tn cng, nguy c mt cuc chin tranh mng i vi nc ta l c th xy ra. Theo cc hng bo mt trn th gii, Vit Nam l mt trong 5 nc ng u v t l tn pht th rc, xp th 12 th gii v mc  e do b tn cng bng m c, ng th 33 vi h thng my ch b li dng la o trc tuyn, xp th 45 v mc  de do my tnh b nhim phn mm iu khin ca tin tc. Nguy c ny cng gia tng khi hin nay nhn thc ca cn b cc c quan, ban ngnh v nhn dn v an ninh mng cn bt cp: 100% c quan ch qun Vit Nam khi thu thit k website u cha quan tm n an ton mng. Vi kh nng ti chnh hn ch, 100% cc website ca Quc hi, Chnh ph, cc c quan ban ngnh Vit Nam ang c t  nhng di mng yu, rt d b xm nhp tn cng. Cc sn phm cng ngh thng tin trn ngp th trng nhng ch yu c nhp khu t nc ngoi (60% thit b vin thng ca Vit Nam hin nay c ngun gc t Trung Quc; cc thit b hin i: smart phone, my tnh bng ... u do nc ngoi sn xut). Trong khi , trnh  pht trin khoa hc cng ngh (nht l cng ngh thng tin) ca ta cn thp, kh nng pht hin v kim sot an ninh i vi cc sn phm, thit b, linh kin cng ngh thng tin nhp khu t nc ngoi rt hn ch. Thi gian va qua, chng ta  pht hin nhiu v chim ot, thay i, ly cp thng tin, b mt nh nc bng cch s dng phn mm gin ip, tn pht su my tnh (virus), tn cng bng m c lm t lit mng my tnh, gy ra tnh trng ri lon trong hot ng ca mt s c quan nh nc. Ta cing  nhn din v cnh bo c nsuy c e do an ninh quc gia t khng gian o (gin ip in t), pht hin nhiu th on thu thp tnh bo qua li dng cc phng tin thng tin hin i (in thoi di ng, nht l smart phone)... R rng, mi e do t an ninh thng tin, an ninh mng ang tr thnh him ho i vi s n nh v pht trin ca x hi, e do n li ch an ninh t nc. Nm l mi e do t tranh chp ch quyn bin o trn bin ng Thi gian gn y, tnh hnh tranh chp bin ng din bin ht sc phc tp. Cc nc v cc bn c lin quan  bin ng u c nhng ng thi  tuyn b v khng nh ch quyn ca mnh. c bit, Trung Quc vi ch trng  c chim bin ng" lin tip c nhng hnh ng khiu khch v vi phm nghim trng ch quyn Vit Nam. H ngang ngc nu yu sch. Ch quyn v  ng ch U 9 on (hay cn gi l  ng li b ) chim hn 80% din tch bin ng. Trong vng bin v vng c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam, Trung Quc thung xuyn tin hnh cc hot ng nh cm nh bt c, gia tng cc hot ng khng ch v uy hip ng dn Vit Nam, lin tc cho tu hi gim, ng chnh tun tra... Nghim trng hn, vo thng 5 v thng 6/2011 tu hi gim Trung Quc  ct cp v thc hin ph hoi i vi tu Bnh Minh 2 thuc Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam v tu Viking (ca Na Uy) do Tp on Du kh quc gia Vit Nam thu trong khi hai tu ny ang tin hnh kho st ti phm vi thm lc a v vng c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam. c bit, ngy 21/6/2012, Quc v vin Trung Quc ph chun k hoch thnh lp  Thnh ph Tam Sa bao trm c qun o Hong Sa, Trng Sa ca Vit Nam, v mt thng sau (24/7/2012), bt chp s phn i ca Vit Nam v s ln n ca d lun quc t, Trung Quc t chc l thnh lp  Thnh ph Tam Sa v trin khai qun n tr trn o Ph Lm (mt o thuc qun o Hong Sa). Ngy 1 thng 5 nm 2014 Trung Quc ngang nhin a dn khoan HD 981 vo thm lc a ca Vit Nam, xm phm nghim trong quyn ch quyn ca Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, Trung Quc cn ngang nhin ra lnh cm nh bt c trn bin ng v iu i tu ln ti 23.000 tu c tin xung bin ng  tn thu, v vt hi sn; cho thu 9 l du kh hon ton nm trong thm lc a Vit Nam... i lin vi cc hnh ng khiu khch thng qua s dng cc bin php hnh chnh, dn s, Trung Quc tng cng lc lng qun s, mua sm mi vi kh, trang thit b cho lc lng hi qun (nht l Hm i Nam Hi tr thnh hm i mnh nht ca Hi qun Trung Quc), chy th tu sn bay, tng cng tp trn vi cc mc tiu nhy cm; nng tn sut hot ng tun tra trn bin vi s lng tu ln, hin i, hot ng rng, ng b, tng hp, b mt nhm tng kh nng kim sot, khng ch hot ng kinh t, qun s ca cc nc  Bin ng. Nghim trng hn trong nm 2014 v u nm 2015 Trung Quc  ngang nhin a tu vn ti, tu ht ct ch vt liu xy dng v thi cng san lp, m rng cc bi ngm, kin c ha cc o trn Trng Sa. Nhng hot ng ny  v ang v ang lm cho tnh hnh bin ng tr nn ht sc cng thng v c nhng tc ng khng nh ti An ninh quc gia Vit Nam, tim n nhiu nguy c e do an ninh quc gia. Trc ht, hot ng ca pha Trung Quc  xm phm nghim trng ch quyn bin o ca Vit Nam, xm phm li ch ca nc ta trn bin, lm cn tr cc hot ng kinh t bnh thng ca nc ta trn chnh vng bin ca mnh. Tnh hnh cng thng trn bin ng c th lm ny sinh cc nguy c mi e da n an ninh quc gia ca chng ta. Trc nhng hot ng ngy cng  leo thang ca Trung Quc trn Bin ng, d lun trong v ngoi nc ang ngy mt nng ln, to ra p lc khng nh cho ng, Nh nc trong la chn bin php ng x. Trong tnh th kh nng, tim lc an ninh, quc phng ca nc ta cha  mnh,  bo v c ch quyn quc gia, ton vn lnh th, chng ta rt cn n s ng h ca cng ng quc t. Tuy nhin, nu chng ta khng thn trng, vn  bin ng s tr thnh  iu kin  cc nc ln gy p lc tc ng, hng li chnh tr hoc can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nc ta, thm ch khng loi tr kh nng cc nc ln li dng vn  bin ng  tho hip vi nhau nhm chia chc li ch ti khu vc trong  c ch quyn ca Vit Nam. Su l, khng b quc t T sau s kin 11/9 n nay, nguy c khng b lan rng ra ton th gii, v tr thnh mi e do an ninh phi truyn thng i vi tt c cc nc. Bi chnh ph cc nc u nhn thc mt iu su sc rng, trong thi i ngy nay, t nc mnh khng th c m bo an ton khi m siu cng th gii, cing l mt nc c h thng an ninh tt nh M  b khng b mt cch thm khc. Nguy c ny cng lan rng sau khi M pht ng cuc chin chng khng b, cc t chc Hi gio cc oan  tuyn b M v ng minh u tr thnh mc tiu ca khng b; ng thi mc tiu ny khng ch gii hn trn phm vi lnh th cc nc ny, m l  tt c mi ni trn ton th gii, min l ni  c s hin din li ch ca M v cc nc ng minh. T sau tuyn b , khng b  tr thnh mt mi e do khng khip i vi an ninh ton cu. i vi Vit Nam, hin cc hot ng khng b quc t nh  din ra trn th gii cha xy ra, bi Vit Nam khng phi l mc tiu ca ch ngh)a khng b (khng c xung t li ch), ng thi cc t chc khng b quc t cing cha c c s x hi ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, mi e do khng b ti nc ta cing ang hin hu, bi  trn lnh th Vit Nam ang c cc mc tieu chnh tr ca M v cc nc phng Ty. Thi gian qua, quan h i ngoi gia Vit Nam vi cc nc ny ngy cng c tng cng. Chng ta  thit lp quan h i tc chin lc vi 13 nc, trong  c Anh v  nng quan h Vit Nam  Hoa K ln tm i tc ton din. iu  cho thy s hin din li ch ca M v ng minh ti Vit Nam ngy cng ln. Khng loi tr kh nng cc t chc khng b quc t s tin hnh khng b ti Vit Nam  nh thng vo cc li ch ny. Nu chng ta  xy ra khng b i vi cc mc tiu ca M v phng Ty, hu qu i vi an ninh quc gia s l rt ln, bi s trc tip nh hng nghim trng n mi trng u t ca Vit Nam, lm gim st u t nc ngoi, ng thi ph hoi quan h i tc gia Vit Nam vi cc nc chng ta ang cn tranh th, nht l vi M. Do , mc tiu khng  xy ra khng b, gy n cing l mt trong nhng mc tiu ln ca cng tc an ninh trong giai on hin nay.  thc hin c iu , trong m bo an ninh quc gia, chng ta khng th coi nh mi e do ny. Thc t thi gian qua cho thy, mt s t chc Hi gio quc t  bt u tm cch xm nhp vo Vit Nam  chn ngi a i o to gio l o Hi  nc ngoi, khng loi tr bn khng b li dng con ng ny  tm cch xy dng c s x hi ti Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, cing  xut hin mt s t chc phn ng lu vong c ngi v nc nhm khng b, gy n ti cc mc tiu chnh tr. ng ch l  xut hin mt s v gy n nhm vo mc tiu l nh ring cc ng ch lnh o ban ngnh ti mt s a phng c du hiu khng b... i hi chng ta cng phi nng cao nhn thc v tng cng cc mt cng tc an ninh  i ph vi mi e do khng b. By l, mi e do t bin i kh hu ton cu Sau nhiu nm b ph nhn v p lc ca cc k ngh khai thc nhin liu ho thch (than v du ho), bin i kh hu ton cu  tr thnh mt vn   nng hin nay ca th gii, ngy cng hin r tnh cp bch v c xc nh l mt thc t e do s tn ti ca loi ngi trn tri t c tc ng trc tip n chnh tr v an ninh quc gia. Nguyn nhn ca tnh trng bin i kh hu do tri t v hm nng v hiu ng nh knh tng qu mc trung bnh t nhin khin cc sng bng trn cc ni cao v nht l vng quanh nm bng gi  Bc v Nam cc tan dn, lm mt nc bin dng cao hn, ti lc no  s ngp chm v xo khi bn  th gii nhng hn o v nhng vng t thp ca mt s nc. Ngoi ra, thi tit trn tri t cing b bin i tiu cc, thin tai xy ra thng xuyn hn v vi cng  cao hn, lt li v hn hn ko di hn. Do bin i kh hu, t ai cn b hu hoi v sa mc ho, mn ho, xi mn, ngp chm. Tt c nhng triu chng ny  bt u hin r, vi vin cnh rt ng s ca mt hin tng  t nn mi trng v nhng lung di dn khng l, lm cng thng quan h gia cc nc, bin i mi quan h chnh tr gia cc quc gia. Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc chu tc ng ca bin i kh hu ton cu mnh nht (ng th 13 trong 16 nc chu tc ng mnh ca bin i kh hu ton cu trong 30 nm ti), vi hu qu trc tip nht l nc bin dng nhn chm cc vng t ven bin. Theo s tnh ton ca cc chuyn gia v kch bn nc bin dng, d theo gi thuyt lc quan nht (mt nc bin ch dng cao hn 1 mt) hay bi quan nht (bin dng ln 5 mt), Vit Nam vn ng hng nht hay nh trong tt c nhng quc gia s b tc ng nng n nht.  ng Bng sng Cu Long, nhiu ni t ch cao hn mt bin t lm n l,25m nn mc nc bin ch cn dng cao thm lm cing  lm ngp chm 40% din tch ca c vng ny, v trn bnh din c nc, lm o ln cuc sng ca 11% dn s (t l cao nht th gii), ly i ca Vit Nam 10% GDP, tn ph 13% din tch t nng nghip, 10% cc vng  th v 28% cc vng ngp nc. Nu mt nc bin dng cao 5m, 16% din tch lnh th nc ta s b ngp chm, 35% dn chng s phi di di ni c tr, mt i 36% GDP, 24% din tch t nng nghip s b hu hoi. iu nghim trng hn hai vng kinh t quan trng nht, l hai va la st H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh l ng bng Sng Hng v ng Bng sng Cu Long thit hi nng nht. Vin cnh ny cng ng lo khi mt s hin tng  hin hin ngay t by gi. Hin nay, hin tng ngi dn ng bng Sng Cu Long ang phi i mt vi tnh trng nc mn ngy cng tin su vo t lin, tc ng khng nh n cuc sng v sn xut. Thc t ny ang din ra  hu ht cc tnh ven bin ng bng Sng Cu Long nh Kin Giang, Tin Giang, Tr Vinh, Sc Trng, Bn Tre v Bc Liu. Ti min Trung, ngi dn t lu  phi sng vi hin tng din dng cao ln t lin. Sut dc b bin t Phong in n Ph Lc (Tha Thin Hu), hng trm lng phi  chy sng , dt du nhau b nh, nhng li lng cho bin. C ni, ngi dn  di lui nh ca 800m, nhng vi tc  xm thc ca bin (ln thm 200m sau 10 nm), cing ch vi nm na thi nhng lng ti nh c ny cing khng cn. R rng, bin i kh hu ton cu ang e do trc tip n s n nh v pht trin ca quc gia. tnh trng nc bin dng khng ch thu hp din tch lnh th, m khin cc li ch kinh t ca chng ta cing b xm hi nghim trng. Bn cnh , hu qu chnh tr-x hi ko theo cing rt ln. Nhng cuc di dn s khin cc vng min cn li ca t nc phi gnh chu sc p nng n. Nhu cu v ch , vic lm, t ai, ngun nc, lng thc... s tng cao, lm trm trng thm cc mu thun, xung t trong x hi, lm gia tng nguy c bo lc, thch thc s iu hnh ca Nh nc. Thm ch, nu ng, Nh nc khng c chin lc tng th  gii quyt, ngn nga hu qu bin i kh hu, th t bt n kinh t - x hi s chuyn ho thnh bt n chnh tr, e do trc tip ti s tn ti ca ch  chnh tr v nh nc. Ngoi nhng mi e do trn, hin nay, nc ta cing ang phi i mt vi cc mi e do an ninh phi truyn thng khc ca th gii v khu vc. Nhng mi e do ny  c nh nc ta thng nht quan im trong hp tc vi cc nc ASEAN v mt s nc khc (Trung Quc, Hn Quc, Nht Bn, M, EU),  l: bun bn ma tu, bun ngi, cp bin, bun lu vi kh, ra tin, ti phm kinh t quc t, ti phm cng ngh cao, cn kit ti nguyn, thin tai, dch bnh... Vic xc nh r cc mi e do an ninh phi truyn thng l c s quan trng  ch ng chun b lc lng, phng tin, bin php, xy dng phng n v tng cng hp tc vi cc nc  ng ph, bo v vng chc an ninh quc gia trong bi cnh hin nay. 2. Nhng yu t tc ng n an ninh quc gia Vit Nam hin nay An ninh quc gia ca chng ta hin ang chu nh hng tc ng ca nhiu yu t  trong v ngoi nc. 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Sau khi Lin X v h thng x hi ch ngh)a tan r, chin tranh lnh kt thc, M v cc th lc th ch chng ch ngh)a x hi ro rit tin hnh chin lc din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt  i vi cc nc x hi ch ngh)a cn li trong  c Vit Nam. T nm 1995, khi quan h Vit - M c bnh thng ha, M  gia tng cc hot ng li dng quan h gia hai nc trn cc l)nh vc  thc hin cc m mu chng ph cch mng Vit Nam, thng qua hp tc v kinh t, vn ha x hi  tc ng chuyn ha chng ta v chnh tr. Hot ng ca cc c quan c bit M hin nay ang tp trung theo cc hng c bn sau: Tp trung cc hot ng ph hoi t tng trong ni b ta, tc ng t tng a nguyn, a ng nhm mc ch to ra cc phn t chng i trong ni b; lm suy gim lng tin ca cn b, ng vin v qun chng nhn dn vo ng v Nh nc. Thng qua hp tc v gio dc, o to nhm to ra trong ni b ta mt th h thanh nin c t tng thn M, thch M v theo M. Tm mi cch tip cn cc d n, thng qua vic ti tr cho cc d n  tip cn, tc ng ni b ta; thng qua vic thc hin cc d n  lng ghp cc quan im ca M v phng Ty nhm lm chch hng cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc ta. Can thip h tr cc lc lng chng i  trong nc li dng dn ch, nhn quyn  chng ng, Nh nc v dung tng, tip tay cho cc i tng phn ng lu vong ngi Vit. Chin lc bin ng ca Trung quc cing ang e da nghim trng ti an ninh quc gia ca cc nc trong khu vc ng Nam . ng li b 9 khc m Trung Quc a ra  chim ti 80% din tch bin ng. Mu  lm b ch bin ng ca Trung quc khng ch e da ti an ninh quc gia ca Vit Nam m cn e da n s n nh ca c khu vc v an ninh hng hi quc t. Hin ti nhng hot ng ln lt ca Trung quc trn bin ng  v ang e da n s ton vn lnh th ca Vit Nam, gy tnh hnh mt n nh trong khu vc. S sp  ca ch  x hi ch ngh)a  Lin X v cc nc ng u tuy xy ra  lu, song s kin ny  v ang c cc th lc th ch li dng  tuyn truyn xuyn tc v ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, v nh hng i ln ch ngh)a x hi m ng ta  xc nh nhm lm xi mn lng tin ca cn b, ng vin v qun chng nhn dn. y cing l vn  chng ta cn phi ch trong cng tc gio dc chnh tr t tng cho cn b, ng vin, c bit l s cn b tr,  h c nim tin vng chc vo cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc, vo nh hng i ln ch ngh)a x hi. Cc nc ln ang iu chnh chnh sch i ngoi theo hng t li ch ca quc gia dn tc ln trn ht. H sn sng mc c vi nhau trn li ch quc gia ca cc nc nh. Xung t vi trang, chin tranh cc b, xung t v sc tc, tn gio v khng b trn th gii ngy cng c xu hng gia tng. Cch mng khoa hc v cng ngh pht trin vi tc  ngy cng cao  y nhanh qu trnh ton cu ho, quc t ho, khu vc ho i sng kinh t x hi, lm phn ho giu ngho trong cng ng quc t. Bn cnh  cc t chc phn ng lu vong ngi Vit, cc trung tm ph hoi t tng ca ch cing ang tc ng mnh vo a bn trong nc, e do n an ninh quc gia ca chng ta. Nhng yu t nu trn ang tc ng xu n an ninh quc gia v cuc u tranh bo v an ninh quc gia ca chng ta, i hi chng ta phi c cc ch trng, k hoch chin lc v sch lc khn kho  bo v cc thnh qu ca cch mng. b) Nhng yu t  trong nc Bn cnh nhng yu t tc ng t bn ngoi,  trong nc cing ang c nhiu yu t tc ng n an ninh quc gia v cng tc m bo an ninh quc gia ca chng ta. Trc ht l nhng thnh cng trong cng cuc i mi, m ca va qua  v ang c tc ng tch cc, to nhiu thun li cho cng tc u tranh phng chng ti phm, bo v an ninh quc gia. Nhng thnh cng   nng cao v th chnh tr, kinh t ca Vit Nam trn trng quc t; cng c lng tin ca nhn dn i vi ng, Nh nc; lm gim thiu nhng s h, thiu st m cc th lc th ch c th li dng  tuyn truyn chng ph cch mng. Tuy vy, cing cn nhiu yu t ang tc ng xu n an ninh quc gia, to c hi  cho cc loi ti phm hot ng gy tn tht cho cch mng.  l nhng yu km ca chng ta trong l kinh t, qun l x hi; nhng tc ng xu ca mt tri nn kinh t th trng lm cho mt b phn khng nh cn b, ng vin thoi ha, bin cht, lun t li ch c nhn, li ch nhm ln trn li ch ca tp th, ca quc gia, dn tc; hot ng chng ph ca cc loi i tng c hi chnh tr, li dng dn tc, tn gio. Bn cnh  cc t nn x hi c chiu hng gia tng phc tp trn mt s a bn, nh: c bc, mi dm, ma ty... Nhng yu t tc ng xu  trong nc nu khng c ngn chn kp thi s c th gy ra nhng hu qu khn lng cho an ninh quc gia. Nghin cu nhng yu t tc ng nu trn, cho php chng ta d bo: t nc ta hin ang ng trc nhiu thi c v thch thc. Chng ta c nhiu c hi  y nhanh cng cuc i mi, nhanh chng a t nc thot khi i ngho  tr thnh mt nc cng nghip theo hng hin i vo nm 2020. Tuy nhin, nhng nguy c e da ti an ninh quc gia  c ng ta xc nh trong Hi ngh gia nhim k ca i hi VII (nguy c din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt  ca cc th lc th ch; nguy c chch hng x hi ch ngh)a; nguy c tt hu xa hn na v kinh t; nguy c tham nhing) n nay vn cn tn ti, thm ch c nguy c cn trm trng hn. Thm vo , trong nhng nm va qua  xut hin thm nguy c  t din bin ,  t chuyn ha trong ni b. Trc m mu , hot ng ca cc th lc th ch v nhng vn  phc tp trong ni b ta, trong nhng nm ti, an ninh quc gia ca chng ta s c th xy ra cc tnh hung xu sau y: Tnh hung 1: Xy ra cch mng mu nh  mt s nc ng u nu nhng yu t to ra t din bin, t chuyn ha trong ni b khng c khc phc kp thi, thm vo  l s can thip ca nc ngoi. Cch mng mu thng xy ra trong nhng iu kin sau: Nh nc c ch  chnh tr a nguyn, a ng, c lc lng chnh tr i lp vi chnh quyn, c s hu thun ca M v phng Ty c v tinh thn v vt cht. Cc lc lng i lp thng nht c v t chc v suy tn c "th l)nh"; Nh nc c sai lm v ng li, chnh sch; ni b mu thun, mt on kt; cn b, ng vin suy thoi v t tng, o c, li sng; nn quan liu, tham nhing pht trin, tnh hnh chnh tr mt n nh; kinh t suy thoi; i sng nhn dn gp nhiu kh khn; lc lng vi trang (Qun i nhn dn, cng an nhn dn) b v hiu ho hoc ng theo phe i lp. Tnh hung 2: Xy ra bo lon  mt hoc nhiu vng, bo lon c s can thip ca nc ngoi gy chia ct t nc nu chng ta khng loi tr c cc iu kin lm ny sinh bo lon  cc vng xung yu v an ninh Tnh hung 3: Xy ra xung t vi trang v chin tranh nu chng ta gii quyt cc tranh chp v bin gii, lnh th vi cc nc lng ging khng tt. Tuy nhin, ng ta lun nhn mnh rng: m mu ca cc th lc th ch v cng nguy him, song chng c thc hin c m mu  hay khng iu  ty thuc vo ch th t m ty thuc vo ta th nhiu. Nu ng ta gi c trong sch, khng c tham , tham nhing, khng c ng vin thoi ha, bin cht; ni b on kt thng nht; nhn dn mt lng, mt d tin theo ng th d k th c mun cing khng lm thay i c ch  ny. Cn ngc li, nu ng ta khng gi c mnh trong sch,  tnh trng ng vin thoi ha, bin cht ngy cng ng; tham , tham nhing khng c ngn chn; lng tin ca nhn dn i vi ng ngy cng suy gim th k th khng tn cng t chng ta cing tan r. 3. Nhng gii php c bn m bo ANQG trong tnh hnh hin nay a) Kt hp cht ch xy dng ng vi bo v ng; bo v cht ch an ninh chnh tr ni b Vai tr lnh o ca cc t chc ng l nhn t quyt nh thng li ca cch mng ni chung v ca s nghip bo v an ninh quc gia ni ring. Th nhng hin nay, vai tr lnh o ca ng ang l mc tiu tn cng ca cc th lc th ch. Chng ang i xa b iu 4 trong Hin php, i a nguyn, a ng. Thm vo , trong ni b ng ta nhng nm va qua  xut hin nhiu vn  phc tp. Mt b phn khng nh cn b, ng vin c biu hin suy thoi v t tng, o c, li sng; biu hin  t din bin ,  t chuyn ha ngy cng bc l cng khai... Do vy, nng cao nng lc v sc chin u ca cc t chc ng ang l vn  cp bch nht hin nay.  thc hin gii php ny, trc ht chng ta phi tp trung cng c, xy dng cc t chc ng c s; bo v vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn, khng chp nhn a nguyn, a ng; xy dng v m rng thit ch dn ch; coi trng cng tc bo v ni b, phng chng ni gin; pht hin v x l kp thi nhng cn b, ng vin vi phm php lut. b) Phi c bit coi trng v lm tt cng tc bo v an ninh kinh t Kinh t v chnh tr lun lun gn lin vi nhau. Sc mnh v kinh t s quyt nh sc mnh v an ninh, quc phng. V vy, trong bo v an ninh quc gia phi rt coi trng cng tc bo v an ninh kinh t. Phi bo v  nn kinh t ca t nc ta pht trin nhanh, n nh, bn vng v ng nh hng x hi ch ngh)a. u tranh lm tht bi m mu ca cc th lc th ch mun t nhn ha nn kinh t ca chng ta  thng qua kinh t chuyn ha chng ta v chnh tr. Phi gi b mt nh nc trong l)nh vc kinh t v phi bo v an ton i ngi cn b hot ng trong l)nh vc kinh t, c bit l nhng cn b gii, cn b  cc b phn hoch nh chnh sch. c) Bo v vng chc an ninh t tng vn ho Bo v an ninh t tng vn ha l bo v nn tng t tng ca ch  x hi ch ngh)a,  l ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh. u tranh lm tht bi mi m mu, hot ng ca cc th lc th ch v cc loi ti phm tuyn truyn xuyn tc nhm mc ch ph hoi t tng trong ni b ta.  bo v vng chc an ninh t tng vn ha, cn phi t chc tt cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc, nh hng t tng cho cn b, ng vin; tng cng u tranh l lun, u tranh t tng nhm bo v v qun trit ch ngh)a Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh v chn chnh trt t, k cng trong l)nh vc t tng, vn ho, vn ngh, thng tin tuyn truyn. m bo mi hot ng tuyn truyn phi phc v tt nht cho vic thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, php lut ca Nh nc. d) Cng c vng chc khi i on kt ton dn Vit Nam l mt t nc a dn tc, a tn gio, v vy sc mnh ca khi i on kt ton dn lun l yu t quan trng, quyt nh s thnh cng trong cc phong tro cch mng. Th nhng hin nay, cc th lc th ch ang gia tng cc hot ng ph hoi nhm ph v khi i on kt ton dn ca chng ta. m mu ca chng mun gy tnh hnh ri lon trong ni b ta, buc chng ta phi tng bc nhng b cc yu sch v chnh tr ca chng. V vy,  gi vng an ninh quc gia, chng ta phi cng c v gi vng khi i on kt ton dn, lm tht bi mi m mu chia r gia cc dn tc, cc tn gio, cc tng lp trong x hi.  thc hin c hiu qu gii php ny, trc ht chng ta phi nm vng v thc hin tt chnh sch tn gio, chnh sch dn tc ca ng; lm tt cng tc vn ng ngi Vit Nam  nc ngoi v thc hin tt cc chnh sch i ng i vi nhng cn b, gia nh c cng vi cch mng, vi vn ngh s, tr thc... e) y mnh vic thc hin chng trnh quc gia phng chng ti phm An ninh quc gia lun b e da bi m mu v hot ng chng ph ca cc loi ti phm. Do vy,  gi vng c an ninh quc gia, bo v c vai tr lnh o ca ng, Nh nc, bo v c cuc sng hnh phc ca nhn dn v cc thnh qu ca cch mng, chng ta phi thc hin c hiu qu chng trnh quc gia phng chng ti phm (theo NQ 09 ca Chnh ph). Trc ht phi phng nga v u tranh vi hot ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch v bn ti phm chnh tr, lm tht bi m mu i a nguyn, a ng  nhm xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit nam, xa b ch  x hi ch ngh)a Vit nam. ng thi phi tng cng cng tc u tranh vi cc loi ti phm khc, c bit l ti phm v tham nhing, v ma ty, ti phm c t chc... y li cc t nn x hi  gi vng an ninh trt t ca t nc. f) M rng hp tc quc t Xu th chung ca tnh hnh chnh tr trn th gii hin nay l  va hp tc, va u tranh . Mt mt cc nc tng cng hp tc vi nhau  cng pht trin, mt khc li lun tm cch  bo v cc li ch quc gia, dn tc ca mnh, u tranh ngn chn cc hot ng ph hoi ca cc th lc th ch, chng i. Khng c quc gia no ng mt mnh, khng lin kt vi cc quc gia khc trong u tranh phng, chng ti phm li c  kh nng  bo v c lp, ch quyn v cc li ch ca quc gia, dn tc. Trong khi cc loi ti phm li ang gia tng cc hot ng mc ni, lin kt vi nhau to thnh cc t chc, tp on ti phm hot ng xuyn lc a, xuyn quc gia. Trong bi cnh hin nay, chng ta phi cng c v pht trin mi quan h tt vi cc nc lng ging, c bit l Lo v Cmpuchia. y l hai nc gip bin gii pha ty ca T quc. Mi quan h ca h vi chng ta s c nh hng, tc ng rt to ln ti tnh hnh an ninh  khu vc ny. ng thi, chng ta cn c chnh sch ph hp trong quan h vi cc nc ln  va gi mi trng ha bnh, n nh cho s pht trin, va to iu kin thun li cho vic tranh th ngoi lc phc v s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha ca t nc. Cng tc tuyn truyn i ngoi cing cn phi tng cng v m rng  khng ngng nng cao v th ca Vit Nam trn trng quc t. g) Tng cng s lnh o ca ng v nng cao hiu lc qun l ca Nh nc i vi s nghip bo v an ninh quc gia Vai tr t chc, lnh o ca cc cp y ng v chnh quyn cc cp i vi cc hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia lun l yu t quan trng, c tnh cht quyt nh hiu qu ca cc hot ng ny. Trch nhim ca cc cp y ng t Trung ng n cc a phng l lnh o ton din, tuyt i s nghip bo v an ninh quc gia, m bo s thng nht v chnh tr, t tng trong ton ng, ton dn. Cc c quan nh nc c trch nhim qun l, iu hnh mi hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia, huy ng ti a cc ngun lc ca t nc  thc hin c hiu qu cc nhim v t ra. ng v Nh nc phi thng xuyn chm lo xy dng lc lng cng an nhn dn ngy cng vng mnh, c bn l)nh chnh tr vng vng, c chuyn mn gii   kh nng l lc lng nng ct trong u tranh bo v an ninh quc gia. Phn 2 QUAN IM, CH TRNG CA NG, CHNH SCH PHP LUT CA NH NC V XY DNG TH TRN AN NINH NHN DN TRONG THI K MI 1. Nhn thc chung v nn an ninh nhn dn, th trn an ninh nhn dn a) Khi nim Nn an ninh nhn dn l trng thi vng mnh ca h thng chnh tr v khi i on kt ton dn; s n nh, pht trin mi mt ca i sng kinh t - x hi v phong tro ton dn bo v an ninh T quc Nn an ninh nhn dn bao gm 3 yu t c bn l: S n nh, vng mnh ca h thng chnh tr, trc ht l t chc ng, chnh quyn cc cp, lc lng v trang v khi i on kt ton dn; S pht trin v mi mt ca i sng kinh t - x hi v phong tro ton dn bo v an ninh T quc pht trin vng mnh. Khi nh gi v cht lng nn an ninh nhn dn hoc khi trin khai xy dng nn an ninh nhn dn trn mt a bn c th phi lun bm st nhng yu t c bn trn. Nn an ninh nhn dn l nn tng xy dng Th trn an ninh nhn dn; xy dng nn an ninh nhn dn l trch nhim ca ton ng, ton dn, ca cc ngnh, cc cp; trong lc lng Cng an lm tham mu. Th trn an ninh nhn dn l hnh thi t chc, b tr lc lng, phng tin v cc ngun lc mt cch ch ng ng b, lin hon theo mt  chin lc nhm thc hin cc nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia. Th trn an ninh nhn dn va c hiu theo ngh)a rng l s b tr lc lng, phng tin ca cc ngnh, cc cp di s lnh o, ch o ca cc t chc ng v chnh quyn cc cp  thc hin cc nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia. y l chin lc mang tnh ton dn, ton din. Cn theo ngh)a hp (l theo chc nng, nhim v ca lc lng cng an nhn dn) th th trn an ninh nhn dn l s b tr lc lng, phng tin v cc bin php ca lc lng cng an nhn dn trong u tranh vi cc i tng hoc trn cc a bn c th Nn tn ca th trn an ninh nhn dn l nn an ninh nhn dn. Chng ta ch c th xy dng thnh cng th trn an ninh nhn dn trn mt nn tng c bn,  l s vng mnh ca h thng chnh tr trn a bn; s n nh v pht trin v mi mt trong cuc sng ca nhn dn v thc t gic, tch cc ca ng o qun chng nhn dn tham gia vo cc hot ng u tranh phng, chng ti phm. Nng ct ca th trn an ninh nhn dn l phong tro ton dn bo v an ninh t quc. Cc i tng th ch, chng i cing lun tm cch da vo dn  hot ng. Mt mt chng li ko qun chng vo cc hot ng chng ng, Nh nc, mt khc chng da vo cc c s x hi m chng c th li dng c  n np& V vy,  to c  thin la, a vng trong u tranh vi bn ti phm, chng ta phi li cun c ng o qun chng nhn dn tham phong tro bo v an ninh trt t trn a bn. Phi xy dng c  th trn lng dn . 2. Cn c xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn Khi xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn phi trn c s nh gi v cc yu t tc ng n an ninh quc gia trn a bn  tnh ton vic b tr lc lng v cc ngun lc cn thit. Phi lm r cc yu t tc ng t bn ngoi, xut pht t m mu, hot ng ca cc th lc th ch v nhng yu t t bn trong ni a, ni b chng ta. B tr th trn phi hng ti mc tiu hn ch nhng tc ng tiu cc ca cc yu t khch quan v ch quan. Phi to c cc li th cho cc hot ng phng nga, pht hin v u tranh vi cc loi i tng, m bo an ninh trt t trn a bn c trc mt v lu di. Trong bi cnh t nc ta ang i mi, m ca hin nay, cc th lc th ch v cc loi ti phm cing  c nhiu thay i v phng thc hot ng. m mu chin lc ca chng khng c g thay i, song chng  v ang iu chnh cc phng thc, th on hot ng. Trit  li dng nhng s h, thiu st ca chng ta trong qu trnh i mi, m ca  thc hin cc hot ng chng ph. Thc t ny i hi chng ta phi xc nh r cc yu cu, nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc tin. B tr lc lng, phng tin v cc ngun lc phi va p ng cc yu cu, nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia, va phc v tt nht cho vic thc hin cc ch trng ca ng v Nh nc trong qu trnh i mi. Theo  vic xy dng v trin khai th trn an ninh nhn dn cing phi bm st cc yu cu, nhim v bo v an ninh quc gia trong tnh hnh hin nay  m bo an ninh ch ng. Mi a bn c th c nhng c im, tnh cht khc nhau, v vy khi xy dng v trin khai th trn phi trn c s c im, tnh cht ca a bn  tnh ton vic b tr lc lng, phng tin, trin khai cc bin php bo v an ninh quc gia cho ph hp, hiu qu. i vi cc a bn dn tc, tn gio cn phi lm r m mu v hot ng chng i ca cc i tng li dng dn tc, tn gio; lm r nhn thc ca qun chng nhn dn i vi cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc, lm r c im a bn c lin quan i vi cc a bn phc tp v an ninh trt t cn phi lm r m mu, hot ng ca cc loi i tng chng i, hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc ng v chnh quyn a phng, vic t chc thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v nh nc trn a bn i vi cc a bn khu cng nghip cn phi lm r m mu v hot ng ca cc th lc th ch nhm ph hoi kinh t, thng qua kinh t  tc ng chuyn ha chng ta v chnh tr& Khi xy dng v trin khai th trn an ninh nhn dn, phi trn c s nh gi tnh hnh cng tc bo v an ninh quc gia  trn a bn  c cn c tnh ton vic b tr lc lng cho ph hp. Xy dng th trn phi pht huy c nhng im mnh ca chng ta trong qu trnh u tranh phng, chng ti phm, ng thi phi hn ch c nhng kh khn, bt cp m chng ta ang cn phi i mt. Phi c bit lu n nhng thun li v kh khn trong b tr cc lc lng, bin php b mt ca lc lng an ninh. 3. Mc tiu, yu cu trong xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn - Mc tiu: + Mc tiu chung l to th ch ng chin lc trong u tranh phng, chng ti phm; v hiu ha mi mi nguy c e da an ninh quc gia, trt t an ton x hi. To thun li cho vic thc hin cc chin lc trong pht trin kinh t, x hi, m bo an ninh, quc phng. + Mc tiu c th l xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn nhm ch ng trong cng tc phng nga ti phm; ch ng trong pht hin cc hot ng xm phm an ninh quc gia, trt t an ton x hi. Pht hin v v hiu ha cc nguy c e da an ninh quc gia; ch ng trong u tranh, ngn chn lm tht bi mi m mu, hot ng th ch ca cc loi i tng; ch ng ng ph, x l cc vn v  An ninh phi truyn thng v gii quyt c hiu qu nhng vn bc xc trong x hi, khng bng pht thnh cc im nng v an ninh trt t. - Yu cu + Vic xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn phi c tm t duy chin lc, m bo an ninh ch ng c trc mt v lu di.  vic xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn mang tm chin lc, m bo an ninh ch ng trc mt v lu di th khi xy dng th trn phi c tm nhn v t duy chin lc. Phi trn c s cc nh hng trong ng li cch mng ca ng  tnh ton xy dng th trn. Tham mu hoch nh chnh sch m bo an ninh quc gia v b tr lc lng, phng tin phi va p ng yu cu nh ch trc mt, va to thun li cho cng tc phng nga, nh ch v lu di. Khng v cc li ch trc mt hoc li ch kinh t n thun m to ra cc nguy c e da n an ninh quc gia v lu di. + Xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn phi qun trit t tng "ch ng phng nga, ch ng tn cng trong  ly phng nga, gi vng bn trong l chnh". Bi cc th lc th ch v cc loi ti phm lun tm mi cch tn cng nhm gy ra nhng thit hi v tinh thn v vt cht cho cch mng. c bit trong bi cnh hin nay, chng ang gia tng cc hot ng tc ng , ph hoi ni b ta vi hy vng lm cho ni b ta b tan r t bn trong. V vy, trong u tranh bo v an ninh quc gia ni chung v trong xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn ni ring phi lun kt hp cht ch gia ch ng tn cng vi ch ng phng nga. ng thi phi coi trng cng tc bo v ni b, gi vng bn trong, trc ht l trong ng, trong cc c quan Nh nc, trong ni b nhn dn. + Xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn phi to thun li cho vic thc hin cc chin lc trong pht trin kinh t, x hi v m bo an ninh, quc phng. Th trn an ninh nhn dn lun gn lin vi cc chin lc trong pht trin kinh t x hi v m bo an ninh, quc phng. Mc tiu ca th trn cing nhm to thun li cho qu trnh thc hin cc chin lc ca ng, Nh nc trong pht trin kinh t, x hi, m bo an ninh quc phng. Khi b tr lc lng, phng tin v cc ngun lc  m bo an ninh quc gia, phi tnh ton n cc hiu qu v kinh t, x hi. Phi kt hp cht ch hai nhim v chin lc pht trin kinh t, x hi vi m bo an ninh quc phng. Trong qu trnh xy dng, pht trin kinh t, x hi phi tnh n nhng tc ng xu ti an ninh, quc phng. Khng  to ra cc nguy c e da n an ninh, quc phng. Ngc li, khi thc hin cc nhim v bo v an ninh quc phng phi to thun li cho vic thc hin cc nhim v pht trin kinh t, x hi. C nh vy, chng ta mi nhanh chng thc hin c cc mc tiu, nh hng i ln ch ngh)a x hi nh ng ta  xc nh. + Xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn phi ph hp vi tnh hnh, c im a bn, tuyn, lnh vc v phi c tnh kh thi, m bo hiu qu, huy ng c sc mnh ca qun chng nhn dn trn a bn. Xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn l  trin khai cc hot ng phng nga v u tranh vi cc th lc th ch trn phm vi ton quc cing nh trn tng a bn c th. V vy, th trn phi ph hp vi tnh hnh a bn, tuyn, l)nh vc v phi c tnh kh thi. Phi cn c vo tnh hnh, c im ca a bn, tuyn, l)nh vc v cc yu t khc c lin quan (nh m mu, hot ng ca cc loi i tng i vi a bn; yu cu, nhim v trong bo v an ninh quc gia; kh nng t chc lc lng ca c quan an ninh& ). Cn tp trung vo cc a bn, l)nh vc trng im hin nay nh: a bn dn tc, tn gio; a bn bin gii, hi o; a bn phc tp v an ninh trt t&  mi a bn c th cn phi xc nh nhng ni dung ct li ca th trn  tp trung xy dng. ng thi phi lun nh gi ng tnh kh thi ca cc k hoch, phng n& trong th trn  khng ri vo phiu liu, mo him hoc hnh thc m khng thc cht. 4. Ni dung xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn a) m bo vai tr lnh o ca cc cp y ng, hiu lc qun l ca Nh nc v cc cp chnh quyn trong thc hin cc nhim v bo v an ninh trt t, phc v nhim v pht trin kinh t, x hi. Vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn l nhn t m bo mi thng li ca cch mng Vit Nam. Trong u tranh bo v an ninh quc gia ni chung v xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn ni ring, cc cp y ng lun gi vai tr t chc, ch o mi hot ng ca cc ngnh, cc cp. Thc tin  cho thy  ni no m cp y ng pht huy c vai tr lnh o tt th  ni  cc phong tro cch mng pht trin c hiu qu. Do vy,  pht huy sc mnh ca th trn an ninh nhn dn, trc ht phi pht huy c vai tr lnh o ca cc cp y ng. Trn c s cc ch th, ngh quyt ca cc cp y ng, vai tr t chc, iu hnh, qun l ca cc cp chnh quyn cing ng vai tr c bit quan trng. Hiu lc qun l nh nc cng cao th hiu qu thc hin cc ch trng, chnh sch ca ng s cng tt. Chng ta phi tng cng hiu lc qun l, iu hnh ca cc c quan nh nc  vic trin khai cc hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia ni chung v trin khai th trn an ninh nhn dn ni ring c hiu qu cao. b) Kin ton h thng chnh tr thc s trong sch, vng mnh; cng c khi i on kt ton dn Pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca c h thng chnh tr, ca khi i on kt ton dn l yu t quan trng, quyt nh cht lng, hiu qu ca th trn an ninh nhn dn. S tham gia ng o, tch cc ca cc t chc trong h thng chnh tr vo cc hot ng bo v an ninh quc gia s to thun li cho cc hot ng ny t c hiu qu cao. Tuy nhin, trc hot ng ph hoi t tng, tc ng ni b ta ca cc th lc th ch, cc t chc trong h thng chnh tr, khi i on kt ton dn ca chng ta  v ang xut hin nhiu vn  phc tp, e da n an ninh quc gia. V vy, hn lc no ht, chng ta phi kin ton, nng cao cht lng cc t chc trong h thng chnh tr, c bit l cc t chc ng, chnh quyn nh nc. Khng ngng cng c khi i on kt ton dn tc  to thun li cho vic xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn. c) y mnh pht trin kinh t, x hi, khng ngng nng cao i sng mi mt ca nhn dn Th trn an ninh nhn dn th hin sc mnh ca nhn dn trong u tranh phng, chng ti phm. Th trn an ninh nhn dn cing lun gn kt vi cc chin lc pht trin kinh t, x hi. Trong xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn khng th tch ri vic trin khai cc k hoch pht trin kinh t, x hi trn a bn. Hiu qu thc hin cc k hoch pht trin kinh t, x hi gp phn nng cao hiu qu ca th trn an ninh nhn dn, cng c lng tin ca nhn dn i vi ng v Nh nc, tng cng tim lc v an ninh quc phng. V vy, trong qu trnh xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn, phi y mnh pht trin kinh t - x hi, khng ngng nng cao i sng mi mt ca nhn dn. d) Pht ng su rng phong tro ton dn bo v an ninh t quc v gn vi cc phong tro cch mng khc Phong tro ton dn bo v an ninh t quc l ni dung ct li ca th trn an ninh nhn dn. Th trn an ninh nhn dn ch pht huy tc dng cao khi chng ta huy ng c ng o qun chng nhn dn tham gia. thc tham gia tch cc, t gic ca cc ngnh, cc cp v qun chng nhn dn vo cc hot ng phng, chng ti phm l tiu ch c bn  nh gi cht lng ca phong tro, ca th trn.  c c phong tro ton dn bo v an ninh t quc rng khp v c cht lng, lc lng cng an nhn dn phi tng cng cng tc vn ng qun chng. Phi hp cht ch vi cc ngnh, vn dng tng hp cc hnh thc, phng php vn ng. Qun trit su sc cc quan im ca ng trong cng tc dn vn, c bit l quan im  ly dn lm gc . e) Xy dng lc lng cng an nhn dn trong sch, vng mnh, lm nng ct trong qu trnh xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn. Cng an nhn dn l lc lng chuyn trch trong bo v an ninh quc gia, va c chc nng tham mu cho ng, Nh nc v cc ch trng, chnh sch trong bo v an ninh quc gia, va trc tip lm cng tc qun l nh nc v an ninh quc gia v u tranh phng, chng ti phm. Trong xy dng v trin khai th trn an ninh nhn dn, cng an nhn dn l lc lng nng ct, va c trch nhim tham mu cho cc cp y ng, chnh quyn v cc ni dung, cch thc xy dng th trn, va c trch nhim hng dn cc ngnh tham gia v trc tip b tr lc lng, bin php b mt  phng nga, u tranh vi cc loi ti phm. Cht lng, hiu qu hot ng ca lc lng cng an nhn dn nh hng trc tip ti hiu qu nh ch ni chung v th trn an ninh nhn dn ni ring. V vy, vic xy dng lc lng cng an nhn dn trong sch, vng mnh l yu cu cp thit hin nay. Phi xy dng, kin ton lc lng cng an nhn dn v t chc v khng ngng i mi cc hot ng nghip v cho ph hp vi tnh hnh v yu cu mi ca cuc u tranh hin nay. f) Ch ng xy dng v trin khai cc  n, phng n, k hoch x l cc tnh hung phc tp v an ninh trt t. Trc m mu v hot ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch v cc loi ti phm, an ninh quc gia ca chng ta b e da bi nhiu yu t c  ngoi nc v  trong nc. c bit l  cc a bn trng im v an ninh, nh cc vng Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn, Ty Nam B, Nam Trung B hoc cc vng dn tc, tn gio&  ch ng trong phng nga v nh ch, cn phi ch ng xy dng v trin khai cc  n, phng n, k hoch m bo an ninh quc gia hoc x l cc tnh hung phc tp v an ninh trt t  nhng a bn trn. Phi cn c vo m mu, hot ng ca cc loi i tng trn a bn v tnh cht, c im ca a bn  tnh ton xy dng cc  n, phng n, k hoch cho ph hp. y cing chnh l nhng ni dung c bn trong th trn an ninh nhn dn trn a bn. g) Xy dng, chun b sn sng cc iu kin m bo trong qu trnh xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn Qu trnh xy dng th trn cing l thi gian chng ta phi chun b cc iu kin cn thit, m bo cho vic trin khai th trn c thun li. Phi coi trng pht trin cng nghip quc phng, an ninh  chng ta nhanh chng c cc vi kh, cng c h tr c cht lng cao, ca ring mnh, khng l thuc vo nc ngoi. KT LUN Quan im, ch trng ca ng, chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc v an ninh quc gia v xy dng th trn an ninh nhn dn trong thi k mi l nhng nh hng rt c bn cho nhn thc v hnh ng ca mi cn b, ng vin, mi ngnh, mi cp, c bit l i vi cn b lnh o. Hn bao gi ht, chng ta phi to c s ng thun cao trong ton x hi, phi lm cho ton ng, ton dn nhn thc ng n v cc vn  c lin quan n an ninh quc gia, thy r cc mi e da n vai tr lnh o ca ng, n s vng mnh ca ch  x hi ch ngh)a. Phi pht huy c sc mnh tng hp ca cc ngnh, cc cp, ca c h thng chnh tr trong qu trnh thc hin cc nhim v, gii php m bo an ninh quc gia. 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