ࡱ> q` bjbjqPqP <::< """(J OOO8OQRRRRRSSS$h}`'cSS'c'cjjRR___'c^jRR_'c__phX^@RR ,O`0XM @@DSpY_\`"SSSpSSS'c'c'c'c4OOjjjjjj Chuyn 5 phng, chng chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch i vi Vit Nam I. Chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam 1. Chin lc: Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha a) Khi nim v Chin lc Din bin ha bnh Din bin ha bnh l chin lc c bn nhm lt ch chnh tr-x hi ca cc nc tin b, trc ht l cc nc x hi ch ngha t bn trong, ch yu bng cc bin php phi qun s do ch ngha quc v cc th lc phn ng tin hnh... Ni dung chnh: s dng mi th on kinh t, chnh tr, t tng, vn ha, x hi, i ngoi, an ninh kt hp vi rn e qun s ngm ph t bn trong, to ra cc lc lng chnh tr i lp np di chiu bi t do, dn ch, nhn quyn; kch ng cc mu thun tn gio, dn tc, chng tc; truyn b m hnh chnh tr, kinh t, t tng v li sng ca ch ngha t bn; khuyn khch t nhn ha v kinh t v a nguyn chnh tr; trit khai thc v li dng nhng kh khn, sai st ca Nh nc hin hnh, lm trm trng thm qu trnh khng hong kinh t-x hi, to nn sc p ngy cng ln buc lnh o Nh nc phi tng bc chuyn ha, thay i ng li chnh tr, nhng quyn lnh o cho Nh nc i lp, lm cho th ch chnh tr tin b, cch mng b th tiu..."1. - Din bin ha bnh l chin lc c bn do ch ngha quc v cc th lc phn ng tin hnh; nhm lt ch chnh tr - x hi ca cc nc c lp, t ch, tin b, trc ht l cc nc x hi ch ngha t bn trong, ch yu bng cc bin php phi qun s. - Ch ngha quc v cc th lc phn ng s dng mi th on kinh t, chnh tr, t tng, vn ha, x hi, i ngoi, an ninh kt hp vi rn e qun s ngm ph t bn trong; to ra cc lc lng chnh tr i lp np di chiu bi t do, dn ch, nhn quyn; kch ng cc mu thun tn gio, dn tc, chng tc; truyn b m hnh chnh tr, kinh t, t tng v li sng ca ch ngha t bn; khuyn khch t nhn ha v kinh t v a nguyn chnh tr; trit khai thc v li dng nhng kh khn, sai st ca Nh nc hin hnh, lm trm trng thm qu trnh khng hong kinh t-x hi, to nn sc p ngy cng ln buc lnh o Nh nc phi tng bc chuyn ha, thay i ng li chnh tr, nhng quyn lnh o cho Nh nc i lp, lm cho th ch chnh tr tin b, cch mng b th tiu. T chng xy dng chnh quyn ph thuc, theo ch ngha quc. Din bin ho bnh lc u ch l mt phng thc, th on ngn chn CNXH, dn dn theo thi gian n tr thnh mt b phn ch yu trong chin lc ton cu ca M cc thi k v pht trin thnh mt chin lc nhm xo b CNXH vi t tng chin thng khng cn chin tranh. b) Khi qut s hnh thnh, pht trin ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh Chin lc Din bin ha bnh l mt b phn trong chin lc ton cu phn cch mng ca th lc th ch, n c hnh thnh trong thi k "chin tranh lnh"; l mt b phn trong chin lc "ngn chn" nhm chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha v phong tro c lp dn tc. Qu trnh hnh thnh, pht trin ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh lun gn lin vi chin lc ton cu phn cch mng ca ch ngha quc. - T sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai n cui nhng nm 70 ca th k XX Sau chin tranh Th gii ln th II, ch ngha x hi t mt nc tr thnh mt h thng cc nc x hi ch ngha, chim 35% dn s th gii, uy tn, a v v nh hng quc t ca Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha c nng ln mnh m, thc s l thnh tr, l ch da vng chc ca phong tro u tranh v ha bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v tin b x hi ca nhn dn th gii. c s ng h, c v, gip ca cc nc x hi ch ngha, phong tro u tranh ginh c lp dn tc ca cc nc thuc a v ph thuc chng ch ngha quc pht trin mnh m, rng khp Chu , Chu Phi, Chu M la tinh. Phong tro cng sn v cng nhn quc t c bc pht trin mi. Cc phong tro trn to thnh ba dng thc cch mng tin cng vo ch ngha quc trn khp th gii. S ln mnh ca h thng x hi ch ngha v phong tro gii phng dn tc, lm thay i cn bn tnh hnh th gii. Cuc u tranh giai cp, u tranh dn tc gii quyt vn ai thng ai gia ch ngha x hi v ch ngha t bn c biu hin tp trung u tranh gia hai h thng x hi ch ngha v h thng t bn ch ngha. Trong bi cnh , quc M tin hnh chin lc ton cu "ngn chn" nhm ngn chn ch ngha cng sn, lm suy yu, thu hp a bn nh hng ca Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha trn th gii. Vi chin lc ny, M xc nh s dng bin php qun s l ch yu; chng xy dng cc cn c qun s nhiu ni, lp cc khi lin minh qun s, bao vy e da qun s, can thip v trang v tin hnh chin tranh xm lc. ng thi, M cng rt coi trng th on Din bin ha bnh trong lng cc nc x hi ch ngha. Ken-nan, i din lm thi ca M ti Lin X, ngy 22 thng 12 nm 1946 trong mt bc in di 8000 t ngh Chnh ph M dng cc bin php chng Lin X ton din hn bao gm: bao vy qun s, phong ta kinh t, lt chnh tr, thm ch dng v trang can thip. Hc thuyt ngn chn phi v trang ca Ken-nan c hng ng, tn dng, b sung ca cc hc gi t sn v tp on thng tr M. Tip , A-kin-sn ra ch ngha dn ch c nhn; a-lt vi chin lc ha bnh gii phng; Ken-n-i vi gieo ht ging t do trong k nt tm mn thp. Nh vy, tng Din bin ha bnh c b sung v tr thnh bin php ca chin lc ngn chn ca quc M. Theo a-lt, ngn chn v gii phng l phng php ha bnh, phng php ha bnh c ngha l: ly uy hip qun s lm hu thun tp trung xm nhp v chnh tr, kinh t, t tng, vn ha i vi cc nc x hi ch ngha, khin cc nc ny tan r t bn trong, rt ngn tui th ca ch ngha cng sn. T nhng nm 70 ca th k XX, vi chin lc rn e thc tՔ ca Nch-xn v chnh sch cy gy v c c rt tuy vn coi trng rn e ht nhn, nhng cc nh cm quyn M ch trng tng cng tip xc, ha hon vi cc nc x hi ch ngha, tin hnh thng thn t tng, vn ha, gieo rc nhn t chng ph t bn trong, thc y tin trnh Din bin ha bnh i vi cc nc x hi ch ngha. Nhn tng qut chin lc ngn chn ca M t sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai n cui nhng nm 70 ca th k XX, mc d vn da vo sc mnh, th on qun s l ch yu, nhng nhng tng chin lc v th on tin cng bng Din bin ha bnh c hnh thnh c bn v c s dng nh mt bin php chin lc trong chin lc ngn chn ca M nhm chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha. Thc tin nhng v vic xy ra Cng ha dn ch c (1953), Ba Lan, Hung-ga-ri (1956) v phong tro ma xun Praha Tip Khc (1968), vi mc khc nhau nhng u c nguyn nhn do cc hot ng chng ph ca ch ngha quc bng th on Din bin ha bnh. - T cui thp k 80 ca th k XX n nay Ch ngha quc, ng u l quc M, sau tht bi hon ton trong cuc chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam nhn thy khng th "ngn chn" c s pht trin ca phong tro cch mng th gii bng bin php qun s. Trong khi , cc nc x hi ch ngha lm vo tnh trng kh khn v kinh t, x hi v tin hnh ci cch, i mi tho g kh khn, nhng mt s nc phm phi sai lm nghim trng, cc nc khng ra khi khng hong kinh t - x hi, m ngc li khng hong kinh t, chnh tr, x hi ngy cng trm trng hn. Li dng tnh hnh trn, quc M c bc iu chnh chin lc chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha v phong tro c lp dn tc. T vic s dng bin php "chin lc qun s" l ch yu chuyn sang s dng bin php chin lc "phi qun s" l ch yu. Nh vy, Din bin ha bnh l mt bin php, th on trong chin lc ton cu "ngn chn" pht trin thnh chin lc Din bin ha bnh trong chin lc ton cu "vt trn ngn chn" ca quc M. Thc cht chin lc vt trn ngn chn l i i vi duy tr sc mnh qun s ngn chn rn e, coi trng vn dng tng hp cc th on chnh tr, kinh t, ngoi giao, vn ha... lm bin php chnh, a chin tranh vo bn trong bc mn st, u tranh trong lng Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha bng vic khuyn khch cc lc lng c hi, xt li, phn bi, dn tc ch ngha, sc tc, tn gio nhm lm sp Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u. C th ly nm 1988 ca th k XX, Nch-xn xut bn cun sch 1999 - chin thng khng cn chin tranh lm mc cho s hon chnh chin lc Din bin ha bnh. Thi k 1989-1993: Khi trong lng h thng XHCN xut hin s rn nt v suy yu, chin lc Vt trn ngn chn ra i. y l mt chin lc tin cng, i tng ch yu nhm vo Lin X v cc nc XHCN; da trn c s duy tr sc mnh qun s rn e, tin hnh tng hp cc th on, bin php v: chnh tr - t tng, kinh t, vn ho-x hi khin cho cc nc ny t din bin v tan r t bn trong. Nh vy, Din bin ha bnh lc u ch l t tng ch o trong chnh sch i ngoi ca M, mt bin php trong chin lc ngn chn dn dn tr thnh mt chin lc hon chnh t mc tiu, lc lng, chnh sch, bin php, bc i. y l chin lc c bn ph hoi cc nc x hi ch ngha ca cc th lc th ch nhm chng ph ton din v chnh tr, t tng, kinh t, vn ha, x hi, ngoi giao, ly qun s lm cng c rn e, ngn chn a nhng nhn t chng ch ngha x hi vo trong lng cc nc x hi ch ngha, to ra t din bin t bn trong xa b cc nc x hi ch ngha m khng cn chin tranh. Hin nay, h thng x hi ch ngha tm thi lm vo thoi tro, nhng nhng mu thun c bn ca thi i vn tn ti, cuc u tranh giai cp, u tranh dn tc vn din ra gay gt, quyt lit. t thng tr th gii v xa b cc nc x hi ch ngha cn li, quc M iu chnh chin lc ton cu thnh "dnh lu", "khuch trng", "ch ng", "can d sm", trong Din bin ha bnh tr thnh b phn trng yu trong chin lc ton cu mi ca M. Trong chin lc ny kinh t c chn lm n by, chnh tr-t tng l mi nhn, vi s h tr ca ngoi giao v rn e qun s. Din bin ho bnh thi k ny c tin hnh trn c s trc tip dnh lu vi tng nc tng bc chuyn ho, xo b ch x hi ch ngha cn li, ngn chn phong tro u tranh ginh c lp dn tc v km ch s phc hi, pht trin ca cc cng quc khc c kh nng thch thc vai tr b quyn ca M. c) c trng ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh Chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch c nhng c trng c bn sau y: Mt l, s dng cc bin php phi v trang chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha v phong tro c lp dn tc. Bng phng thc ha bnh, tng bc gy nh hng c li tin ti xa b ch x hi ch ngha, dp tt phong tro cch mng, phong tro c lp dn tc. y l cuc chin tranh khng i bc, xe tng, my bay, tu chin, khng mi thuc sng nhng cc k nguy him. Hai l, thng qua cc cng c mm: ngoi giao, kinh t, vn ha, chnh tr lm sp cc nc x hi ch ngha. Tuy cc th lc th ch s dng cc bin php, th on phi qun s l ch yu tc ng lm suy yu v sp ch x hi ch ngha nhng chng vn coi trng sc mnh qun s rn e, lm p lc hu thun cho cc th on trn. Ba l, s tc ng ca bn ngoi to s chuyn ha, din bin t bn trong. Khc vi cc cuc chin tranh thng thng bng v lc, Din bin ha bnh ch yu dng lc lng con ngi, phng tin ca i phng nh ph t trong ni b i phng vi s h tr t bn ngoi lm cho i phng m h, mt cnh gic, ng nhn v bn cht phn ng ca ch ngha quc, lm cho i phng t din bin, bin i, suy yu, sp nhanh chng. Bn l, khng ph hoi, hy dit ca ci vt cht mt cch rm r bng v lc. Cc th lc th ch thc hin chin lc mt cch khn kho, che y bng nhiu th on lt lo, tinh vi, xo quyt bng cch quyn r, mua chuc vt cht, np di danh ngha vin tr nhn o, t thin; i m rng dn ch, t do khng gii hn, thc hin a nguyn, a ng, xm nhp, thao tng, khng ch v kinh t lm mc rung ni b, sp ch x hi ch ngha; vi nhp iu pht trin thm thu ha bnh, t t, t khc lit, rm r, tn ph nh chin tranh v lc nhng hiu qu ln, hu hiu hn chin tranh v lc. Nm l, chin lc Din bin ha bnh mang tnh ton cu, khng gii hn v thi gian, khng gian. Chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha v phong tro c lp dn tc mang tnh ton cu, l chin lc ph hoi ton din trn cc lnh vc chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, x hi, qun s, ngoi giao... khng c gii hn thi gian, khng gian y i phng suy yu dn n ri lon ni b ri sp . d) Mc tiu, ni dung, th on ch yu ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh Chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch tuy c che y bi cc th on "phi qun s" l ch yu, ht sc tinh vi, lt lo, xo quyt, nhng bn cht ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh vn l bn cht phn cch mng, chng cng, chng ch ngha x hi, rt phn ng v cc k nguy him. - Mc tiu ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh l: xa b cc nc x hi ch ngha trn ton th gii; chng ph phong tro c lp dn tc v tin b x hi cc nc; thit lp trt t th gii mi do cc th lc hiu chin chi phi v lnh o. i tng ch yu ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh trong thp k 80 th k XX l Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u. Trong giai on hin nay, i tng ch yu ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh l cc nc x hi ch ngha cn li, trong Vit Nam l mt trng im; v cc nc u tranh cho c lp dn tc, tin b x hi. - Ni dung, th on ch yu: Cc th lc th ch tin hnh cc ni dung bin php, th on linh hot, ph hp vi s thay i ca tnh hnh th gii v tnh hnh c th ca tng nc. Chng chng ph ton din, trn tt c cc lnh vc: chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, x hi, qun s, ngoi giao. Trong : + Chng ph v chnh tr t tng, vn ha lm khu t ph. + Chng ph v kinh t lm mi nhn. + Ly vn dn tc, tn gio, dn ch, nhn quyn lm ngi n. + Dng ngoi giao h tr, hu thun. + Ly qun s rn e v sn sng can thip khi c iu kin, thi c. Cc th lc th ch c bit coi trng v i su chng ph ni b ng cng sn, chnh quyn, chuyn ha i ng cn b cao cp ca ng, Nh nc, "phi chnh tr ha" qun i v cng an. Trong chin lc Din bin ha bnh, cc th lc th ch dng cc th on tin cng "mm", "ngm" vo bn trong cc nc x hi ch ngha; kt hp chng ph c cng khai v b mt, hp php v bt hp php. Cc th lc th ch cn trit khai thc li dng nhng nhn t yu km bn trong nh tn d ca ch c, nhng khuyt im, sai lm trong ci t, ci cch, i mi, trong cng tc t chc iu hnh t nc ca ng, Nh nc; nhng kh khn v kinh t v trong i sng ca qun chng nhn dn. ng thi vi vic y mnh cc th on, bin php chng ph trn, cc th lc th ch rt coi trng xy dng lc lng phn ng: c lc lng chnh tr v lc lng qun s, li ko nhng cn b, ng vin thoi ha bin cht, to dng ngn c i lp vi ng cng sn, khi c thi c s cng khai hot ng chng i, gy bin ng chnh tr x hi, tin hnh bo lon lt . Cc th lc th ch thng phi hp ba th on ch yu chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha l: Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt v rn e qun s. Cc th on trn c chng s dng linh hot ty theo tnh hnh mi nc. Cc th on, bin php cc th lc th ch chng cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u v Lin X l: - Li dng ch ngha dn tc cc oan pht trin, kch ng tm l chng Lin X, chng ng cng sn, chng ch x hi ch ngha nh nc Cng ha dn ch c, Tip Khc. - Li dng s hu khuynh trong ng, phn ha, chuyn ha trong ni b ng, cc th lc th ch thng qua bu c hp hin loi b vai tr lnh o ca ng cng sn nh Ba Lan, Hung-ga-ri. - Li dng nhng sai lm ca ng, chnh quyn, kch ng qun chng bo lon lt nh Ru-ma-ni. - Chuyn ha dn t bn trong, t bn trn lm cho ng b phn lit, suy yu v mt vai tr lnh o ca ng, mt ch x hi ch ngha nh Lin X. - Din bin ho bnh Cu Ba, cc th lc th ch s dng ba mi tin cng cch mng Cu Ba l: Kch ng ngi dn ra i bt hp php gy mt n nh v chnh tr x hi; bao vy cm vn v kinh t; tin hnh chin tranh tm l, thng tin tuyn truyn kch ng, xuyn tc, kch lt ch x hi ch ngha. - Din bin ho bnh Trung Quc din ra rt phc tp, t u tranh ca sinh vin i yu sch dn ch chuyn sang bo lon chnh tr, nh cao l cuc bo lon Thin An Mn t 15-5 n 21-6-1989 nhm lt chnh quyn v ch x hi ch ngha Trung Quc. T thc tin Din bin ha bnh ca ch ngha quc v cc th lc th ch v s sp ca cc nc x hi ch ngha Lin X v ng u, rt ra nhng nguyn nhn ch yu sau: + Cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u v Lin X mc vo ch ngha gio iu, ch quan, duy ch, duy tr qu lu khuyt tt ca m hnh c, dn n nn kinh t tr tr, i sng nhn dn kh khn, lng tin ca qun chng i vi ng, vi ch x hi ch ngha suy gim. + Khi ci cch phm phi sai lm nghim trng v ng li, phng php, bc i khng ph hp dn n khng hong kinh t - x hi ngy cng trm trng. + Trong cng tc xy dng ng phm nhng sai lm nghim trng i vi ng cm quyn, l s dao ng v t tng, xa ri, phn bi ch ngha Mc-Lnin; vi phm nguyn tc tp trung dn ch trong ng. Sai lm trong cng tc cn b, nht l gii quyt mi quan h gia ng v Nh nc v trong b tr cn b ch tr cao cp ca ng, Nh nc, lm ni b ng phn lit, gim uy tn trc qun chng, lm mt vai tr lnh o i vi x hi. + Mt khc, do m h cuc u tranh giai cp, m h bn cht ca ch ngha quc, mt cnh gic trc m mu th on Din bin ha bnhca ch ngha quc v bn c hi, cc th lc th ch bn trong v bn ngoi trit khai thc khuyt tt, yu km, sai lm ca cc nc x hi ch ngha chng ph ng v ch ch ngha x hi. T thc tin trn, rt ra mt s bi hc kinh nghim: Mt l, nhn r bn cht, m mu th on chng cng sn, chng ch ngha x hi ca ch ngha quc v cc th lc phn ng, thay i. Mc tiu chin lc ca chng l: xo b vai tr lnh o ca ng cng sn, lt Nh nc chuyn chnh v sn v xo b ch x hi ch ngha. iu cn nhn mnh l trong hot ng chng ph ch ngha x hi, k th u tn dng v khot su yu km, mu thun bn trong cc nc x hi ch ngha (nht l yu km, mu thun trong ni b ng, Nh nc, gia ng v Nh nc vi nhn dn) phn ha, chia r ni b, to sc p ngy cng ln, buc lnh o ng, Nh nc tng bc phi chuyn ha, thay i ng li chnh tr, nhng quyn lnh o cho cc lc lng i lp, lm cho th ch chnh tr tin b, cch mng b th tiu. Hai l, phi chm lo xy dng ng trong sch vng mnh, i mi v hon thin Nh nc x hi ch ngha ngang tm vi yu cu nhim v cch mng. Phi chm lo xy dng ng vng mnh c v chnh tr, t tng v t chc; gi vng v pht huy vai tr lnh o ca ng l vn then cht i vi vic xy dng v bo v ch x hi ch ngha. Phi chm lo xy dng, hon thin Nh nc x hi ch ngha Nh nc thc s ca dn, do dn v v dn. Phi kin nh nhng vn nguyn tc i vi s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc x hi ch ngha, l: kin nh ch ngha Mc-Lnin l nn tng t tng, kim ch nam cho mi hnh ng; kin nh mc tiu con ng ch ngha x hi, xy dng nn dn ch x hi ch ngha, pht huy quyn lm ch ca nhn dn; kt hp ch ngha yu nc vi ch ngha quc t v sn v quc t x hi ch ngha, kt hp sc mnh ca dn tc vi sc mnh ca thi i trong iu kin mi. Ba l, mt vn c tnh nguyn tc l nm vng chuyn chnh v sn, kin quyt trn p cc th lc phn ng khi e da n chnh quyn, n ch x hi ch ngha. Nm chc lc lng v trang, nm chc thi c a ra gii php qun s, chnh tr ng n, y l gii php quan trng c ngha quyt nh sng cn ca cch mng, nhng khng tuyt i ha gii php qun s v nu coi l gii php duy nht v duy tr bt bin th kh trnh khi rn nt ca nn tng x hi v li hu qu phc tp ko theo. 2. Chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam a) Chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam - Khi qut qu trnh chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch Mc tiu chin lc nht qun ca cc th lc th ch i vi cch mng Vit Nam l xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng, xa b ch x hi ch ngha, lm cho Vit Nam chuyn ha sang ch t bn ch ngha, l thuc vo nc ngoi. t mc tiu , cc th lc th ch khng t mt th on chng ph no i vi cch mng Vit Nam, k c hnh ng can thip qun s v trc tip tin hnh chin tranh xm lc. + T u nhng nm 1950 n nm 1975 quc M, dng hnh ng qun s l ch yu can thip v tin hnh chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam. quc M tin hnh cc bin php chin lc nh "chin tranh c bit", "chin tranh cc b", "Vit Nam ha chin tranh" min Nam v chin tranh ph hoi min Bc nc ta. h tr cho bin php chin lc qun s trong thi k ny, quc M v bn phn ng rt coi trng cc th on chin tranh t tng, tm l, gin ip, la gt, li ko qun chng chng ph cch mng, nhng cui cng cc bin php chin lc v th on trn u b tht bi hon ton. + T sau nm 1975 n nm 1994 Cc th lc phn ng li dng nc ta cn nhiu kh khn do hu qu chin tranh v thin tai nng n. t nc ang trong tnh trng khng hong kinh t, x hi nghim trng, c bit nhng tc ng tiu cc do bin ng Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u i vi Vit Nam. quc M tng cng chng cch mng Vit Nam, tin hnh nhiu bin php, th on nh "bao vy cm vn v kinh t", "c lp v ngoi giao", kch ng, nhen nhm cc t chc chnh tr phn ng c bn trong v bn ngoi phi hp chng ph cch mng hng thc y, tin ti khng hong chnh tr, x hi, chuyn ha ch x hi ch ngha Vit Nam theo kiu Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u; hoc kt hp Din bin ha bnh vi bo lon lt xa b ch x hi ch ngha nc ta. Ch tnh ring trong nm 1993 chng kch ng, to ra mt s v gy ri mang tnh cht bo ng nh v Nng trng Sng Hu, v cha Linh Sn; v mt s bn phn ng gy ri Hu, c bit v m mu bo lon lt thnh ph H Ch Minh thng 3 nm 1993, chng ta pht hin sm, kp thi ngn chn v dp tan m mu ca bn phn ng. + T nm 1995 n nay Sau tht bi trong m mu bao vy, c lp chng ph Vit Nam, trc s n nh vng mnh v pht trin ca ta trn cc lnh vc chnh tr, kinh t, x hi, quc phng, an ninh, ngoi giao, cc th lc th ch buc phi iu chnh chnh sch, th on chng ph nc ta, nh t b "cm vn kinh t" v bnh thng ha quan h ngoi giao (7/1995). Cc th lc th ch chuyn th on, bin php "hnh ng kin quyt" i u sang th on tip cn trc tip dnh lu "ngm", "su", y mnh cc hot ng xm nhp, chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ngay trn lnh th Vit Nam. Giai on ny M b cm vn v bnh thng ho quan h vi Vit Nam (7/1995). Trong iu kin m rng quan h nhiu mt vi Vit Nam, cc th lc th ch c iu kin tin hnh Din bin ho bnh vi ba chnh sch c bn: * Ngoi giao thn thin, to ra tm l phng Ty, chy theo vn ho phng Ty, li sng phng Ty; pht trin khuynh hng thc dng, th vi chnh tr, mt phng hng trong thanh thiu nin; khi dy o tng da vo phng Ty xy dng pht trin t nc. Xy dng mt b phn cn b tr k cn phng Ty. * Chi phi u t, chuyn ho nn kinh t Vit Nam sang kinh t t bn ch ngha, to tin v c s h tng kinh t-x hi chuyn ho v chnh tr. * Khot su ni b nhm phn ho, chia r ni b ta, thc y t din bin, y l th on quan trng nht chuyn ho Vit Nam. - Mc tiu, ni dung ch yu ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch i vi cch mng Vit Nam Mc tiu Xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, xa b ch x hi ch ngha, lm cho Vit Nam chuyn ha sang ch t bn ch ngha, l thuc phng Ty. ng nh i hi XI, ng Cng sn Vit Nam khng nh: "Cc th lc th ch vn tip tc thc hin m mu "Din bin ha bnh", gy bo lon lt , s dng cc chiu bi "dn ch", "nhn quyn" hng lm thay i ch chnh tr nc ta"1. Ni dung ch yu Cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ton din c chnh tr t tng, kinh t, khoa hc cng ngh, qun s... trong ni dung ch yu l: + Chng ph v chnh tr l trung tm, t tng vn ha l khu t ph. Tuyn truyn xuyn tc ch ngha Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, ng li, quan im ca ng cng sn, ni xu ch x hi ch ngha. y mnh tuyn truyn, ku gi i "a nguyn chnh tr", "a ng i lp", thc y ci cch chnh tr, chng ph ta v chnh tr, i ta "t do ha v chnh tr" theo hng dn ch t sn; np di chiu bi "dn ch", "nhn quyn" tuyn truyn t tng t sn v cc quan im x hi dn ch. Kch ng, chia r mi quan h mu tht gia ng, Nh nc vi nhn dn v chia r khi i on kt dn tc. + Chng ph v kinh t lm mi nhn, t chuyn ha v kinh t s chuyn ha v chnh tr. Thc y kinh t th trng t do, t nhn ha kinh t, thc y pht trin kinh t t nhn song song vi chng ph kinh t Nh nc, tp th, lm mt vai tr ch o ca kinh t Nh nc, chuyn ha nn kinh t nc ta sang nn kinh t t bn ch ngha. + Xy dng lc lng chng i, to dng ngn c i lp trong nc, kt hp vi vic nui dng, s dng lc lng phn ng lu vong nc ngoi chng ph cch mng Vit Nam. Cc th lc th ch tp trung chng ph vo ng Cng sn Vit Nam nhm to ra s chuyn ha t bn trong ni b ng, Nh nc v t tng, quan im, ng li, t chc nhn s, tin ti xa b ch x hi ch ngha Vit Nam, lm cho Vit Nam l thuc phng Ty. thc hin m mu th on trn, t tng ch o ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh l: kin tr, thc t, nhn nhn dn ch mt cch rng ri. - Phng chm, th on chng ph ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh Phng chm: mm, ngm, su, trc tip, ton din. Cc th lc th ch chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ton din, trn cc lnh vc ca i sng x hi, vi nhiu bin php, th on thm c, xo quyt, tp trung vo mt s lnh vc ch yu sau: + Trn lnh vc chnh tr t tng, vn ha: Chng tuyn truyn xuyn tc nhm loi b ch ngha Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, loi b vai tr lnh o x hi ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, thc y t din bin lm suy yu h thng chnh tr, hnh thnh a nguyn a ng, tin ti lm sp ch XHCN Vit Nam. Cc th lc th ch c bit tp trung ph ta c v l lun, quan im, ng li, xa b nn tng t tng ca ng ta l ch ngha Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh; tc b c s php l lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam; khuyn khch nhng quan im lch lc v nhng khuynh hng "x hi dn ch". Thc hin trn, cc th lc th ch dng cc bin php, th on nh mc ni, kch ng c nhiu ngi, nhiu i tng cng tham gia vit bi, tuyn truyn bc l quan im tri vi quan im, ng li ca ng, theo phng chm "mi ngi ch l mt git nc", nhng nhiu git nc s ngm dn, nhm phn ha ni b, chuyn ha dn t trong ng ra ngoi x hi. Mt khc, chng y mnh tuyn truyn gieo rc "ch ngha thc dng", vn ha phng Ty, to tm l hng th, li sng t sn, qua tng bc to chuyn ha t duy, np ngh, quan im ca cn b, ng vin qun chng, nht l th h tr, theo hng i lp vi quan im, t tng ca ng. + V t chc nhn s Cc th lc th ch, chng ph ta bng chin lc khot su ni b, lm ni b ta suy thoi, bin cht. Vi xm nhp, mc ni nhm chuyn ha t trong ni b ng, Nh nc ta. Chng dng cc th on tnh bo, dng kinh t thng qua con em, bn b, ngi thn tip cn cn b lo thnh cch mng, cn b ng chc li ko kch ng, gy chia r ni b. c bit chng tp trung tuyn truyn xuyn tc, ni xu cn b ch cht, trung kin, chia r gia lp cn b tr vi lp cn b gi, gia cn b kinh t vi cn b chnh tr, gia qun s vi dn s. m mu chia r ni b ng, chia r nhn dn vi ng, lm cho qun chng nhn dn mt lng tin vo ng, vo ch x hi ch ngha. ng thi vi m mu, th on hot ng chng ph ni b ng ta, cc th lc th ch ch trng tch cc xy dng lc lng ngm, xy dng cc t chc ng phi chnh tr i lp, thc hin "a nguyn", "a ng"; s dng bn ni gin, h tr bn c hi chnh tr, va hot ng chng i, va tm cch a lc lng "ci cm"; "chui su, leo cao" vo ni b ng v Nh nc ta. + Trn lnh vc kinh t: Li dng quan h kinh t xm nhp, gy sc p, tng bc chuyn ho Vit Nam theo qu o phng Ty. Cc th lc th ch trong chnh quyn phng Ty lun tm cch gy kh khn, cn tr hot ng kinh t i ngoi ca Vit Nam. H s dng cc thit ch ti chnh, tin t quc t, lut v thng mi p ta iu chnh php lut, ci cch chnh tr. Chng ch trng dng bin php kinh t lm mi nhn, m mu t kinh t i vo ni b, dng kinh t gy sc p, tc ng chuyn ha chnh tr, li nn kinh t i chch hng x hi ch ngha. Thng qua th on "chim lnh u t, chi phi th trng", chng ph nn kinh t Vit Nam. S dng quy ch "ti hu quc" ve vn, gy p lc hng buc ta phi nhng b kinh t v chnh tr. Li dng m phn thng mi p ta v chnh tr, m ca th trng c li phng Ty. Thng qua vin tr, gip ca cc t chc phi chnh ph(NGO) xm nhp, mc ni, h tr cc phn t phn ng, c hi bn trong ni a cc a bn nhy cm; kch ng s bt mn, nui dng t tng sng bi v i theo phng Ty trong nhn dn, chc sc tn gio, hc sinh, sinh vin, cn b a phng... S dng li ch kinh t chia r, chuyn ho cn b ng, chnh quyn, lc lng v trang... Thc hin ch trng "t nhn ha ti sn", m rng kinh t t bn t nhn, kinh t th trng t do, thu hp v lm suy yu thnh phn kinh t Nh nc, kinh t tp th, tin ti thit lp mt nn kinh t t bn Vit Nam. + Trn lnh vc ngoi giao Np di danh ngha "ngoi giao thn thin" hng Vit Nam theo qu o ca phng Ty, to c hi chuyn ha v a Vit Nam dn ha nhp vo cng ng cc nc dn ch phng Ty. Tng cng tip xc ca chnh ph, cc t chc phi Chnh ph v t nhn, vi cc hnh thc nh hi tho, thm ving, thm quan, du lch gieo rc tm l m h, mt cnh gic, ng nhn v bn cht ca ch ngha quc. + Li dng dn ch, nhn quyn, dn tc, tn gio: Chng lun li dng chnh sch ci m, i mi ca ta, np di danh ngha: dn ch, nhn quyn, tn gio, dn tc chng ph Vit Nam. Ch ngha quc khng bao gi t b m mu ca chng l li dng tn ngng, tn gio xm phm an ninh quc gia, ph hoi khi i on kt ton dn tc ca ta. ng nh ng ta khng nh: "Cc th lc th ch vn ang ro rit thc hin m mu "Din bin ha bnh", gy bo lon lt , s dng cc chiu bi "dn ch", "nhn quyn", "dn tc", "tn gio" hng lm thay i ch chnh tr nc ta"1. Th on i vi tn gio ca cc th lc th ch l li dng, chia r v thng tr. Cc th lc th ch li dng chnh sch t do tn ngng ca ng, Nh nc ta, nhng s h, thiu st trong cng tc qun l v trnh dn tr cn thp ca gio dn, ng bo cc dn tc thiu s kch ng, li ko tp hp qun chng, nhen nhm tp hp lc lng chng ch ngha x hi trong cc tn gio, dn tc thiu s, xy dng cc ng phi, t chc lc lng chnh tr, lc lng v trang phn ng chng ph ch x hi ch ngha. m mu ca ch l chia r gia tn gio ny vi tn gio khc, gia tn gio vi khng tn gio, c bit gia ng bo tn gio vi ng, Nh nc. Vi chnh sch Ngoi giao nhn quyn, li dng cc din n quc t tuyn truyn xuyn tc, vu co ng, Nh nc ta vi phm dn ch, nhn quyn, n p tn gio, dn tc c lp ta trn trng quc t; ku gi, gy sc p vi cc nc, cc t chc phi Chnh ph ng h, h tr cc hot ng chng ph, li khai bn trong lnh th Vit Nam. Di chiu bi v dn ch, nhn quyn, tn gio, dn tc, chnh quyn M ra cc vn bn vu co v can thip vo ni b Vit Nam; vi phm c lp ch quyn ca t nc ta, to c s cho cc th lc th ch can thip, h tr v cc mt cho lc lng phn ng ngi Vit trong v ngoi nc hot ng chng ph Vit Nam. + Trn lnh vc quc phng, qun s, an ninh m mu ca ch l nhm mc tiu "phi chnh tr ha" qun i v cng an, v hiu ha lc lng v trang trong cuc u tranh bo v ng, Nh nc v ch x hi ch ngha. Chng tp trung chng ph h t tng ca ng trong lc lng v trang; tuyn truyn, kch ng gy m h, chia r mi quan h bn cht gia ng vi qun i, qun i vi cng an, qun i vi cc ngnh khc; lm cho lc lng v trang gim lng tin vi ng, xa ri nguyn tc ng lnh o lc lng v trang v lm cho lc lng v trang bin cht bn cht cch mng; tng cng ph hoi nn quc phng ton dn v an ninh nhn dn. Mt khc, chng li dng quan h ngoi giao xm nhp, iu tra b mt quc phng, b mt an ninh, b mt qun s ca ta. Tng cng hot ng tnh bo, gin ip, tng cng tip xc, xm nhp, ci cm vo ni b lc lng v trang, lm tha ha i ng cn b, chin s trong qun i v cng an. Kt hp Din bin ha bnh vi bo lon lt ; rn e qun s v sn sng dng sc mnh qun s, hoc tin hnh chin tranh khi c iu kin, thi c. Trong tnh hnh hin nay, cc th lc th ch dng th on nhanh chng chim lnh th trng, khng ch kinh t, dng kinh t p ta v chnh tr; li dng vn chng tham nhng t kch ng, tp hp lc lng nhm gy bin ng chnh tr, tin cng s lnh o ca ng ta. c bit l, cc th lc th ch c trong v ngoi nc ang ra sc li dng vn dn tc, tn gio, nhn quyn, cng nh li dng nhng khuyt im, yu km ca ta ph hoi, lm mt n nh chnh tr, ph hoi an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi. ng thi chng lun c s lin kt gia bn phn ng tn gio, bn phn ng li dng dn tc t ngi, bn ngy qun, ngy quyn c khng chu ci to, cng nh nhng hot ng ca bn c hi chnh tr cu kt vi cc th lc phn ng bn ngoi y mnh hot ng chng ph nhm gy bt n v chnh tr, kch ng bo lon lt , to c cho s can thip t bn ngoi vo cng vic ni b ta. Li dng chiu bi "u tranh chng tham nhng", cc th lc th ch ra sc ph hoi khi i on kt ca nhn dn ta. Chng kch ng, gy ri, lm mt n nh chnh tr, x hi, tin ti gy bo lon lt . Li dng cc lc lng phn ng trong cc dn tc t ngi, kch ng nhn dn u tranh i li khai, t tr trn tng khu vc, c bit nh cc vng Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn v Ty Nam B ca nc ta. Cc th lc th ch li dng trit tnh nhy cm ca vn dn tc kch ng, chia r, can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nc ta, chng ph ch x hi ch ngha v s nghip cch mng ca nhn dn ta. Vng cc dn tc thiu s pha Bc, chng tuyn truyn ci gi l "Vng quc Mng t tr", kch ng xng vua, gy bo lon; li ko ng bo theo o Vng Ch do Vng Pao khi xng t sau nm 1975 li ko ngi Mng. Vng Ty Nguyn, chng coi "Ty Nguyn l khu vc ring ca ngi Thng", i tch Ty Nguyn khi lnh th Vit Nam, i thnh lp "Nh nc Ga c lp". Vng ng bo Kh me Nam b, chng tng cng hot ng chng ph, kch ng, gieo rc thnh kin dn tc trong mt b phn ng bo v s si Khme Nam B, vi m mu thnh lp "Nh nc Khme Crm". T nm 1999 n nay, cc th lc th ch quyt tm tp hp lc lng, kt hp vn tn gio vi vn dn tc, tm cch mc ni, xy dng lin tn gio chng ng, chng Nh nc, tm mi cch ra mt t chc chng i trong nc nhm "cng khai ha", "hp php ha", "quc t ha" cc t chc do cc th lc th ch lp ra nh: "Gio hi c lp"; "Tn gio li khai"; "Tin lnh Ga". Mt khc, cc th lc th ch tm cch khai thc s h, yu km ca ta kch ng qun chng lc hu vi phm php lut, lm ri lon trt t x hi, gy bo lon nh kiu Ty Nguyn thng 2-2001 v 4-2004, Mng Nh 5-2011 nhm to c nc ngoi can thip. b) Tin hnh bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch i vi cch mng Vit Nam - Khi nim bo lon lt Bo lon l hnh ng chng ph bng bo lc c t chc do lc lng phn ng hay lc lng ly khai, i lp trong nc hoc cu kt vi nc ngoi tin hnh nhm gy ri lon an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi hoc lt chnh quyn (a phng hoc trung ng). C bo lon chnh tr, bo lon v trang, bo lon chnh tr kt hp vi v trang. Bo lon lt l mt th on ca ch ngha quc v cc th lc phn ng trong chin lc Din bin ha bnh xa b ch ngha x hi Vit Nam". Khi nim trn cho ta thy: + Bo lon lt l mt phng thc ca ch ngha quc v cc th lc th ch chng ph cc nc x hi ch ngha bng bo lc; + L nhng hot ng c t chc bao gm c hot ng chnh tr v hot ng v trang hoc kt hp hai hnh thc ; + Bo lon lt do lc lng phn ng bn trong l chnh, c cc th lc phn ng bn ngoi ch o, h tr, phi hp nhm lt chnh quyn Trung ng hoc a phng, dng nn chnh quyn phn cch mng thn M. - iu kin xy ra bo lon lt + iu kin khch quan: * Cc th lc th ch ro rit thc hin Din bin ho bnh lm suy yu v to ra nhng nhn t mt n nh bn trong nc ta; ng thi nui dng, ch o, h tr cho bn phn ng trong nc tin hnh bo lon ginh chnh quyn. * trong nc, ch xy dng, tp hp c lc lng chnh tr to dng c phe i lp, c c ngn c lnh o ch huy; c th c lc lng v trang phn ng. Li dng nhng yu km, sai lm ca ta, nhng mu thun ni b; bn phn ng la gt, kch ng, li ko c mt b phn ng k qun chng sn sng chng li chnh quyn. Lc lng phn ng bn trong lun nhn c s ch o, nui dng v h tr v mi mt ca cc th lc th ch bn ngoi. + iu kin ch quan: * Ni b ng, Nh nc c nhng suy yu (phn ho, chia r, cn b thoi ho) xa dn; sai lm trong ng li, chnh sch kinh t-x hi; nhn dn gp nhiu kh khn v i sng, bt bnh vi nhng sai tri, yu km ca cn b ng v chnh quyn, mt lng tin i vi ch . * X hi phn ho giu-ngho ngy cng ln, vi s phn tng x hi thnh cc giai cp giu ngho v bt bnh ng gia cc giai cp, tng lp trong x hi cng nhiu mu thun ni b c tch t t lu. * Lc lng v trang m h, mt cnh gic hoc b v hiu ho (thc tin thnh cng ca mt s cuc cch mng nhung cc nc cng ho thuc Lin X c chng minh iu ny). * Bo lon c th xy ra khi trong nc c nhng bin ng chnh tr do ng phm sai lm trong b tr cn b; s suy thoi v chnh tr, t tng, o c ca i ng cn b, ng vin lm mt uy tn trc nhn dn; do mu thun ni b v cc t nn x hi pht trin; k th li dng nhng khuyt im kch ng bo lon lt . - Quy m, a bn c th xy ra bo lon, lt Bo lon c th din ra mt vng hoc mt s vng v c th xy ra ng thi mt s vng. Quy m bo lon lt c th t nh n va v ln, t mt ni, mt khu vc lan ra nhiu ni, nhiu khu vc. Phm vi a bn xy ra bo lon lt c th nhiu ni, nhiu vng ca t nc, nhng trng im l cc trung tm chnh tr, kinh t ca Trung ng v a phng, ni rt nhy cm v chnh tr, hoc cc khu vc, a bn m c s chnh tr ca ta yu km, vng ng bo dn tc t ngi, vng ng bo tn gio. Trng im hin nay l Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn, Ty Nam b, Th H Ni, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, Tha Thin - Hu v mt s thnh ph khc. - Mc ch, phng php, lc lng tin hnh bo lon + Mc ch Bo lon lt nhm mc ch chnh tr phn cch mng l lt chnh quyn Trung ng hoc a phng, xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng v ch x hi ch ngha. Bo lon nhm mc ch tch khi v xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn v s iu hnh ca Nh nc, chia ct lnh th, thit lp chnh quyn phn cch mng theo qu o ca ch ngha t bn. + Phng php Bo lon c th din ra trn tt c cc mt: chnh tr, vn ha, kinh t, qun s, ngoi giao nhng phng php ch yu l bo lc chnh tr, bo lc v trang, hoc kt hp c bo lc chnh tr v bo lc v trang, trong bo lc chnh tr l ch yu. + Lc lng Lc lng tin hnh bo lon lt bao gm c lc lng trong nc v ngoi nc, trong lc lng phn ng trong nc l ch yu. Lc lng phn ng ni a bao gm: bn ngy qun ngy quyn ca ch c khng chu ci to; bn phn ng i lt tn gio, dn tc cc a phng; cc phn t c hi chnh tr, bt mn nhen nhm thnh cc t chc cng khai, hp php, di danh ngha cc hi, on; bn thoi ha bin cht, lu manh v mt s qun chng b la gt, p buc tham gia. Lc lng bn ngoi gm: cc t chc phn ng ngi Vit Nam lu vong sng nc ngoi c s hun luyn, trang b, ch o trc tip hoc gin tip ca cc th lc phn ng quc t, c th c a v nc trc hoc ngay khi xy ra bo lon. Lc lng qun s ng minh ngoi vai tr rn e, khi cn v c iu kin c th s dng lc lng phn ng nhanh trc tip tham gia chi vin, h tr cho bn phn ng trong nc nh chim mt s v tr trng im, chin lc ca nc ta; hoc c th chi vin ha lc cho lc lng lt nh chim cc mc tiu trng yu ca ta. Mt mnh ca ch l ch ng v khng gian, thi gian; l ngi Vit Nam nn hiu phong tc tp qun, a bn, hon cnh tm l, c tnh dn tc li ko kch ng. C s ch o, h tr ca cc th lc phn ng bn ngoi c lc lng, vt cht, phng tin, trong iu kin c th c th c c hnh ng qun s. Song, ch c nhng mt yu nh: Dng nhiu thnh phn lc lng tham gia bo lon, t chc thng cha thng nht; ch o, ch huy gia cc lc lng gp nhiu kh khn, kinh nghim hn ch; do mc ch, quyn li khc nhau nn d pht sinh mu thun; lc lng v trang phn ng lc u thng hn ch v s lng, trang b, kh i ph vi lc lng v trang ta; mt khc qun chng nhn dn b ch la gt, li ko kch ng nu ta vn ng tuyn truyn tt d b phn ha. T thc tin chng ph cc nc XHCN v c lp dn tc trong hn 50 nm qua ca ch ngha quc, c th nhn din bo lon lt nh sau: * Bo lon lt c th ch bng bo lc chnh tr ca qun chng nh Trung Quc (1989), Nam T (2000), Grudia (2003), Ucraina (2004), Crgstan (2005). Blaruxia (2006); bng v trang nh Csv (Nam T), ng Ti-mo (In--n-xi-a). C th bng bo lc chnh tr kt hp v trang nh Rumani (1989), Udbkistan (2005)... Bn cht ca bo lon lt cng chnh l vn u tranh giai cp, dn tc; mang tnh i khng, mt mt mt cn, nn cuc u tranh chng bo lon lt ht sc quyt lit, phc tp. Mc tiu ch yu ca bo lon lt l ginh chnh quyn. * cc nc XHCN bo lon lt thng gn lin vi Din bin ho bnh nh : Cng ho dn ch c (1953), Hung-ga-ri (1956), Tip Khc (1968), Ba Lan (1980), Trung Quc (1989), Bun-ga-ri (1990), Ru-ma-ni (1989)... Din bin ho bnh lm ch cng sn suy yu v chun b lc lng, to ra iu kin, thi c cho bo lon lt . Bo lon lt l bin php dng bo lc thc hin mc tiu cui cng ca Din bin ho bnh- lt chnh quyn, xo b CNXH. Ni khc i, bo lon lt l mt phng thc cp chnh quyn, lt Nh nc XHCN bng bo lc phn cch mng trong bi cnh m Din bin ho bnh to ra. Gn y, sau nhng thnh cng ca hng lot cuc Cch mng nhung cc nc cng ho thuc Lin X c, bo lon lt ang c nng ln thnh bin php chin lc, nhm thc y chin lc Din bin ho bnh ca M Trung ng v Chu Phi. Cch mng nhung thc cht l bo lon lt ginh chnh quyn ca lc lng i lp, di s ch o v h tr ca phng Ty, trong mi trng t nc b khng hong kinh t - chnh tr - x hi, do Din bin ho bnh to ra; l s pht trin ca chin lc Din bin ho bnh mt cch to bo, trng trn v kin quyt hn trong iu kin: t nc tn ti ch a nguyn chnh tr, a ng i lp, ang suy thoi nghim trng v kinh t; chnh quyn suy yu, tham nhng, khng qun l iu hnh c t nc; mt b phn khng nh qun chng mt nim tin v bt bnh vi chnh ph, lc lng v trang b v hiu ho... Nu khng c cc iu kin trn, cch mng nhung s b tht bi nh : Cam-pu-chia (1998, 2003), U-d-b-kit-stan (2005), B-la-rt-xi-a (3.2006). Phng thc ch yu ca cc cuc cch mng nhung l: Di s ch o, h tr v mi mt phng Ty, cc th lc chng i khot su sai lm, yu km ca chnh quyn, kh khn ca t nc (khng hong chnh tr, kinh t - x hi, tham nhng - quan liu, phn ho chia r ni b...); li dng dn tc, tn gio, dn ch, nhn quyn tin cng ton din v: chnh tr, kinh t, t tng, vn ha... kt hp vi rn e v gy p lc ca nc ngoi; lc lng i lp tp trung nh thng vo c quan lnh o Nh nc bng th on: vu co, xuyn tc, bi nh chnh ph; chia r qun i, cnh st, vin kim st vi ban lnh o cp cao, v hiu ho lc lng v trang v c quan bo v php lut; y t nc ln su vo khng hong ton din v: chnh tr - kinh t - x hi. Nm thi c, vo thi im bu c, lc lng chnh tr i lp huy ng mt b phn ln qun chng b kch ng, mua chuc, tin hnh bo lon chnh tr (c th c v trang); lt , cp chnh quyn th v cc thnh ph ln, dng chnh quyn bt hp php, c cc th lc th ch ng h. i tng ca cch mng nhung l nhng quc gia cc khu vc lin quan n li ch chin lc ca cc th lc th ch, l nhng ni m h ly c cho rng cha c dn ch. Theo cc nh lnh o M, trn th gii hin cn mt s khu vc cha c dn ch: cng ng cc quc gia c lp (SNG); th gii Rp; mt s nc Trung ng, Chu Phi; mt s nc Chu ; m in hnh l Trung Quc, Vit Nam, Triu Tin... V vy, thi gian ti chng ta cn ht sc cnh gic vi cch mng nhung ca M. II. Phng chng chin lc Din bin ha bnh bo v vng chc T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngha 1. Mc tiu, nhim v, phng chng Din bin ha bnh a) Mc tiu Lm tht bi chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca ch, gi vng n nh chnh tr, mi trng ha bnh y mnh s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, xy dng t nc theo nh hng x hi ch ngha; bo v vng chc c lp, ch quyn, thng nht ton vn lnh th ca T quc; bo v ng, Nh nc, nhn dn v ch x hi ch ngha; bo v s nghip i mi cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc; bo v li ch quc gia, dn tc; bo v an ninh quc gia, trt t x hi v nn vn ha. i hi ng Cng sn Vit Nam ln th X khng nh: "Kin quyt lm tht bi mi m mu v th on "Din bin ha bnh", bo lon lt "1. n i hi ln th XI, ng ta tip tc khng nh: ...ch ng ngn chn, lm tht bi mi m mu v hnh ng chng ph ca cc th lc th ch i vi s nghip cch mng ca nhn dn ta1. Vn t ra cho mc tiu chin lc l phi gi vng n nh chnh tr, bo m mi trng ha bnh n nh lu di cho s nghip xy dng t nc. Phi ly vic gi vng n nh chnh tr lm nn tng y mnh s nghip pht trin kinh t - x hi, cng c quc phng, an ninh. b) Nhim v T Ngh quyt Ban Chp hnh Trung ng 3 kha VII ca ng, n ngh quyt i hi ng ton quc ln th IX khng nh: Nhim v phng, chng Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt l nhim v cp bch, hng u trong cc nhim v quc phng - an ninh hin nay; ng thi l nhim v thng xuyn, lu di trong thi k qu ln ch ngha x hi nc ta. n i hi ln th XI, ng ta tip tc khng nh: Tng cng tim lc quc phng, an ninh; gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi, c lp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnh th, trt t an ton x hi; ngn chn, lm tht bi mi m mu, th on chng ph ca cc th lc th ch... 2. Nhim v chung trong phng chng Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt l ch ng tin cng ch trn mi lnh vc, khng xy ra mt n nh chnh tr x hi, bo lon lt v cc tnh hung phc tp khc, ngn chn lm tht bi cc m mu th on Din bin ha bnh cc th lc th ch; bo v vng chc ng, chnh quyn v ch x hi ch ngha. 2. Quan im, t tng ch o phng chng chin lc Din bin ha bnh Trn c s qun trit cc quan im ca ng trong s nghip quc phng, an ninh bo v T quc. Trong phng chng chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca ch, cn nm vng cc quan im, t tng ch o sau y: a) Kin nh mc tiu c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi, nm vng hai nhim v chin lc l xy dng ch ngha x hi v bo v T quc Vit Nam x hi ch ngha Kin nh mc tiu c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi l bi hc ln, l mc tiu xuyn sut ca cch mng Vit Nam. c lp dn tc l iu kin tin quyt thc hin xy dng ch ngha x hi, xy dng ch ngha x hi l c s bo m vng chc cho c lp dn tc. Kin nh mc tiu c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi l trong bt k tnh hung no cng khng xa ri mc tiu . Xy dng ch ngha x hi v bo v T quc x hi ch ngha l hai nhim v chin lc ca cch mng Vit Nam. Hai nhim v chin lc c quan h hu c vi nhau. Trong khi t ln hng u nhim v xy dng t nc, ng ta, nhn dn ta phi lun chm lo xy dng cng c quc phng, an ninh t nc. m mu chin lc Din bin ha bnh ca cc th lc th ch l chng ph c lp dn tc v ch ch ngha x hi Vit Nam. Phng chng chin lc Din bin ha bnh l mt b phn ca cuc u tranh giai cp, u tranh dn tc. V vy, ng ta, nhn dn ta phi lun cnh gic, nhn r bn cht, m mu, th on ph hoi ca cc th lc th ch; nm vng hai nhim v chin lc v quan im u tranh giai cp, vi tinh thn t lc, t cng dn tc, nhy bn trong hp tc v u tranh vi ch trn mi lnh vc. Phi kin quyt u tranh chng cc m mu ph hoi ca ch, chng ch ngha c hi xt li, s thoi ha bin cht v chnh tr, dao ng v t tng, xa ri mc tiu x hi ch ngha, phng nguy c chch hng x hi ch ngha. Khc phc t tng ch quan, m h, mt cnh gic, thiu trch nhim, th ng, n trnh u tranh chng li cc th on ca cc th lc th ch v cc quan im sai tri. b) Pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn, ca c h thng chnh tr, di s lnh o ca ng, tin hnh u tranh ton din trn tt c cc lnh vc Sc mnh bo v T quc ca ta ngy nay, l sc mnh tng hp ca khi i on kt ton dn, ca c h thng chnh tr di s lnh o ca ng; l s kt hp sc mnh dn tc vi sc mnh thi i, c to ra trn c s kt hp gia cc hot ng: chnh tr, kinh t, qun s, an ninh, i ngoi... Din bin ho bnh ca ch l s chng ph ton din bng tng hp cc bin php. V vy, chng Din bin ho bnh cng phi chng trn cc mt, bng tng th cc bin php, nhng ly phi qun s l ch yu; vi sc mnh tng hp c to ra t nn quc phng ton dn v an ninh nhn dn. Trong , lc lng tin hnh l ton dn v c h thng chnh tr. Chng Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt l nhim v trng yu hng u, lu di ca s nghip quc phng - an ninh t nc; l cuc u tranh giai cp, dn tc ni ln trong thi k mi ca nhn dn ta. V vy, n phi c t di s lnh o tp trung thng nht ca ng. Mt khc, vi phng thc mm-ngm-su thc y t din bin t bn trong, chnh nhn dn v h thng chnh tr ca ta cng vi lc lng v trang li l i tng tin cng ca Din bin ho bnh. Bi vy, ton ng, ton dn v cc cp, cc ngnh cn cnh gic, nm vng m mu, th on chng ph ca ch, ch ng i ph hiu qu trong phm vi v lnh vc ca mnh; ng thi ch ng phi hp ngn nga v lm tht bi Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt ca ch trong mi tnh hung. c) Gi vng n nh t bn trong, ch ng phng nga y l phng chm c bn, ch o xuyn sut ton b cuc u tranh. Din bin ha bnh cc th lc th ch da vo bn trong v chng ph ta t bn trong l chnh, kt hp vi chng ph t bn ngoi, v vy ta phi lo cng c, gi vng t bn trong, ch ng phng nga v i ph c hiu qu t bn ngoi. Vn mu cht l thc hin "trong m" th "ngoi m", l k sch gi nc ca cha ng ta, to nn sc khng min dch. C gi vng n nh bn trong, mi c c s v ch ng ngn nga c hiu qu s xm nhp ph hoi t bn ngoi vo. Xy dng vng chc bn trong l ch yu, quyt nh thng li ca cuc u tranh. Gi vng bn trong trc ht l gi vng s n nh chnh tr ca t nc, gi vng s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, gi vng mc tiu con ng x hi ch ngha. Phi ch ng ngn nga mi m mu th on ph hoi ca ch, phi cnh gic vi bn c hi v nhng phn t chng i ch ; phi phng v khc phc c hiu qu nhng khuyt tt, sai lm t ni b ng, Nh nc trong qu trnh lnh o cch mng, t nc m ch c th li dng, chng ph ta. d) Kt hp cht ch gia xy v chng y l phng chm c bn ch o ca cuc u tranh; ng thi th hin tnh tch cc, ch ng, kin quyt tin cng, khng th ng. Quan h gia xy v chng l mi quan h bin chng, trong ly xy l mc ch, l ch yu. C xy dng vng chc th mi ch ng tin cng ch, mi c kh nng ngn chn, p tan m mu th on xm nhp, ph hoi ca ch. Mt khc, chng tt l iu kin bo m cho xy dng c vng chc. Trong xy dng phi ton din c chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, x hi, quc phng, an ninh, c bit xy dng h thng chnh tr vng mnh t Trung ng n c s, xy dng th trn lng dn vng chc nh bi m mu, th on ca ch hng to dng lc lng i lp chuyn ha ni b ta. i i vi cng tc xy dng, chng ta phi ht sc coi trng cng tc bo v chnh tr ni b, trc ht l bo v ng li, chnh sch ca ng, php lut ca Nh nc, bo v an ton cc t chc ng, chnh quyn, bo v b mt Nh nc v li ch quc gia, phng nga, pht hin v u tranh chng cc hot ng ni gin, chng cc tc ng chuyn ha ca cc th lc th ch vo trong ni b ng, Nh nc ta. Ngun lc, sc mnh ca cuc u tranh l: nhn dn v khi i on kt ton dn, v vy phi xy dng cng c, gi vng th trn lng dn, cng c khi i on kt ton dn tc ngy cng vng mnh. V vy, ng phi chm lo n vic m rng dn ch x hi ch ngha, pht huy quyn lm ch ca nhn dn trong xy dng v bo v T quc. Nng cao cht lng ch dn ch i din, c bit l ch dn ch c s. M rng v c c ch tng bc thc hin ch dn ch trc tip mt cch thit thc, ng hng v c hiu qu. ng thi, ng v Nh nc phi chm lo pht trin kinh t, nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca nhn dn, ch trng xa i gim ngho, khc phc trit hin tng dn i, dn dt, dn kin. Chng Din bin ha bnh ca ch phi kt hp cht ch vi chng cc nguy c tt hu xa hn v kinh t, nguy c chch hng x hi ch ngha, nn tham nhng v t quan liu. iu cn nhn mnh l tnh trng tham nhng v s suy thoi v t tng chnh tr, o c, li sng ca mt b phn khng nh cn b, ng vin, ang cn tr n thc hin ng li, ch trng, chnh sch ca ng, gy bt bnh v lm gim lng tin trong nhn dn vi ng. Nu khng xy dng, gi vng c bn trong, th khng ch ng ngn nga c s ph hoi t bn ngoi; s yu km bn trong ni b ta l mnh t tt ch thc hin chin lc Din bin ha bnh. Phi cnh gic ngn nga u tranh khc phc nhng nhn t s h, mt cnh gic, tiu cc, mt n nh trong ni b. e) Chng Din bin ha bnh kt hp vi chng bo lon lt v sn sng i ph thng li cc tnh hung khc c th xy ra Ti Hi ngh Trung ng 8 (kho IX), ng ta d bo c 3 tnh hung chin lc trong bo v T quc nhng nm sp ti. Cc tnh hung c mi quan h hu c, tc ng ln nhau, tnh hung ny c th l tin cho s xut hin ca tnh hung kia. Trong hai tnh hung: bin ng chnh tr trong nc, e do s mt cn ca ch ; bo lon ly khai mt vng hoc mt s vng, gy nguy c chia ct t nc l do hot ng Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt ca ch to ra. V vy, lm tht bi Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt ca ch cng chnh l trc tip ngn nga, y li hai tnh hung chin lc trn. Mt khc, ngn chn c hai tnh hung trn s gp phn quan trng trit tiu iu kin, thi c nc ngoi li dng can thip, chng ta bng c chnh tr - ngoi giao - kinh t; khng cho k th kim c can thip qun s, gy xung t v trang v chin tranh xm lc nc ta (tnh hung chin lc 3). Din bin ha bnh kt hp vi bo lon lt v cc tnh hung chin lc nh: gy bin ng v chnh tr trong nc, bo lon mt vng, mt s vng thc hin chia ct t nc, xung t v trang v tin hnh chin tranh xm lc l nhng tnh hung chin lc chng ph cch mng Vit Nam ca cc th lc th ch. V vy, trong khi tp trung vo nhim v chng Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt , chng ta khng c xem nh cc nhim v, cc tnh hung khc. Chng Din bin ha bnh kt hp cht ch cc tnh hung chin lc c xc nh c mi quan h cht ch, an xen ln nhau. V vy, kt hp nhim v chng Din bin ha bnh, vi bo lon lt l nhim v cp bch hng u, lu di v phi kt hp vi cc tnh hung khc l tt yu khch quan. Do tnh cht phc tp, an xen ca cuc u tranh, vic x l cc tnh hung chin lc l ht sc phc tp v h trng, ta phi lun lun tnh to, nhn thc ng cc tnh hung, kt hp cc gii php, bin php gii quyt bo v c ha bnh, gi vng c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi. S kt hp gia nhim v chng Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt vi nhim v sn sng ng ph vi cc tnh hung khc c th xy ra l s kt hp ton din c th trn v lc lng trn tt c cc lnh vc ca i sng x hi; l s kt hp bin php phi qun s vi bin php qun s, ly bin php phi qun s l chnh; kt hp phng nga vi tch cc ch ng tin cng ch v chnh tr, t tng v tin cng ch v qun s khi cn thit. Nhn thc trn cho thy r hn vai tr, v tr, ngha ca chng Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt trong bo v T quc ca ta ngy nay. Chng Din bin ho bnh cn l mt gii php ch yu ngn nga, y li cc nguy c v tnh hung chin lc v quc phng - an ninh ca t nc thi k mi; gi vng mi trng ho bnh, n nh xy dng v pht trin t nc. V vy, chng Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt l mt nhim v quan trng trong bo v T quc ngy nay. 3. Phng thc u tranh phng, chng Din bin ha bnh trn cc lnh vc ch yu a) Phng chng Din bin ha bnh trn lnh vc chnh tr, t tng, vn ha - Trn lnh vc chnh tr Mt mc tiu c bn ca Din bin ho bnh l xo b vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn. V vy, cc th lc th ch lun u tranh i thc hin ch a nguyn chnh trޔ, a ng i lp. i xo b vai tr lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam trong h thng chnh tr ca t nc; ca ngi v hng ti x hi dn ch. Mt khc, chng ang bng mi cch, ra sc lm thoi ho v chnh tr - t tng, o c-li sng ca i ng cn b, ng vin; to s phn ho v quan im chnh tr trong ng; tin ti lm thay i bn cht, l tng cch mng ca ng, lm suy yu h thng chnh tr; dn n lm mt lng tin ca nhn dn vi ng v ch x hi ch ngha. Bn cnh , di cc chiu bi dn ch, nhn quyn, t do tn gio k ch ra sc tp hp cc phn t c hi, bt mn hnh thnh cc t chc chnh tr i lp, kch ng qun chng chng ng, chng chnh quyn... phng chng Din bin ho bnh trn lnh vc chnh tr, cn tp trung vo my vn sau: + Chm lo xy dng v cng c h thng chnh tr; trc ht l xy dng ng, Nh nc thc s trong sch vng mnh, ngang tm vi nhim v cch mng thi k mi. Trong , xy dng ng c xc nh l khu then cht, v ng l ht nhn lnh o h thng chnh tr, l nhn t ch yu quyt nh thng li ca cch mng Vit Nam; ng cn l mc tiu k th tp trung chng ph. ng vng mnh s ngn chn c nguy c chch hng, t din bin t bn trong, l iu kin tin quyt lm tht bi chin lc Din bin ho bnh ca ch. Trong xy dng ng cn xy dng ton din c v: chnh tr, t tng, t chc, o c tc phong, phng thc lnh o; c bit coi trng xy dng i ng cn b, nht l cn b ch tr, cn b chin lc. Tng cng cng tc nghin cu v tng kt thc tin, i mi t duy, pht trin l lun v xy dng ch ngha x hi Vit Nam trong iu kin mi; lm c s thng nht nhn thc t tng, hnh ng, cng c on kt nht tr trong ng. Nng cao hiu qu xy dng v chnh n ng, kin quyt u tranh bo v quan im, ng li ca ng; u tranh loi b nhng phn t c hi, thoi ho bin cht ra khi ng tng cng sc chin u v nng lc lnh o ca mt ng cm quyn, xng ng vi s tin tng ca nhn dn. + Tng cng cng c cc t chc c s ng, nng cao vai tr lnh o, sc chin u ca cc chi b ng, lm cho cc chi b thc s l pho i vng chc chng ch mc ni, xm nhp, ci cm, ni gin tc ng chuyn ha ni b ng ta. ng thi chi b vng mnh, s l ni tin phong u tranh vi cc phn t c hi chnh tr, thoi ha bin cht, xt li, chng ng. + Gi vng nguyn tc tp trung dn ch trong sinh hot, hot ng ca ng. y mnh u tranh t ph bnh v ph bnh, cng c tng cng on kt thng nht trong ng, tng cng cng tc bo v chnh tr ni b ng; tch cc u tranh khc phc mi biu hin chia r, b phi, cc b, mt on kt trong ng. Kin quyt a ra khi ng nhng phn t thoi ha bin cht v chnh tr, o c, khng ch li dng kch ng, phn ha, lm suy yu ng. + Xy dng Nh nc php quyn x hi ch ngha, ca nhn dn, do nhn dn, v nhn dn; lm cho Nh nc ta ng l cng c thc hin quyn lm ch ca nhn dn. Thc hin ci cch hnh chnh theo hng: cng khai - minh bch - v dn; bn cnh cn xy dng i ng cng chc gii v nghip v, ng thi l ngi cng bc trung thnh tn ty ca nhn dn; trit chng quan liu, tham nhng, lng ph; thc hin thng li cc mc tiu chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi do i hi ng ra, cng c nim tin ca nhn dn vi ch . Trc mt, tp trung lnh o, t chc thc hin c hiu qu vic chng tham nhng, quan liu, lng ph khng cc th lc th ch li dng vn ny tp hp lc lng chng ph ng v Nh nc ta. + Mt vn c ngha cc k quan trng l phi xy dng c s chnh tr vng chc, tng cng mi quan h mu tht gia ng vi dn; phi coi trng xy dng th trn lng dn. Chm lo xy dng c s chnh tr vng mnh, nht l a bn trng im, vng su, vng xa, min ni, vng ng bo dn tc thiu s. Thc hin tt chnh sch x hi, chng t nn tham nhng, ca quyn, sch nhiu, vi phm quyn lm ch ca nhn dn. Khng ngng nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn cho nhn dn, thng xuyn gio dc, vn ng nhn dn, nng cao cnh gic cch mng, tch cc tham gia cng c quc phng - an ninh, phng chng Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca ch. + Kin quyt u tranh vi nhng lun iu vu co, bi nh ng, ph nhn nhng thng li lch s v nhng thnh tu t c trong thi k i mi ca cch mng Vit Nam. Lm tht bi mi m mu v hot ng thnh lp cc t chc chnh tr i lp, tin ti a nguyn, a ng ca cc th lc th ch trong v ngoi nc. - Trn lnh vc t tng, vn ha Mt trn t tng, vn ha l mt trn nng bng, d b ch tin cng hin nay. V vy, phi tch cc, ch ng tin cng ch gi vng n nh chnh tr, lm tht bi cc th on ph hoi ca ch trn lnh vc t tng, vn ha. Trong chin lc Din bin ho bnh, ch chn y l khu t ph u tin. Chnh Nch-xn vit: mt trn t tng l mt trn quyt nh nht (1999 - Chin thng khng cn chin tranh). Trn lnh vc ny, cc th lc th ch tp trung chng ph ta v quan im, t tng, l lun v ng li. Trc ht l ph nhn ch ngha Mc - Lnin, xuyn tc t tng H Ch Minh. Ph nhn con ng i ln ca cch mng Vit Nam - c lp dn tc gn lin vi ch ngha x hi, ng thi kch ng nhng khuynh hng t tng, quan im sai tri, m h v ng li cch mng Vit Nam... to t tng dao ng hoi nghi, mt nim tin vo ch ngha x hi v s lnh o ca ng trong cn b ng vin v nhn dn ta, dn n nhng suy thoi v t tng chnh tr, o c, li sng; xa ri mc tiu cch mng ca ng. phng chng Din bin ho bnh trn lnh vc t tng, vn ho; cn tp trung vo nhng ni dung, gii php ch yu sau: + Tng cng cng tc l lun, t tng, bo v nn tng t tng, cng lnh, ng li ca ng; bo v, cng c vai tr ch o ca ch ngha Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh trong ng v ch ta. Ch trng gio dc truyn thng yu nc, nim t ho v tinh thn t cng dn tc, truyn thng dng nc v gi nc. Kin quyt u tranh ngn chn c hiu qu khuynh hng t tng t sn, t tng x hi dn ch, cc lun iu tuyn truyn vu co ch ngha x hi, bi nh, xuyn tc, ph nhn ch ngha Mc-Lnin, t tng H Ch Minh, ph nhn ng li quan im ca ng, ph nhn lch s, v cc quan im i "a nguyn", "a ng", "dn ch nhn quyn" theo kiu phng Ty, cc lun iu chng ph cch mng nc ta di chiu bi dn ch, nhn quyn, dn tc, tn gio. Bin php l tng cng tng kt thc tin, i mi cng tc t tng st tng i tng i i vi tng cng lnh o, qun l thng tin, bo ch, xut bn, vn ha, vn ngh... Kp thi ngn chn quan im lch lc, thng mi ha... trong lnh vc t tng, vn ha - vn ngh, bo ch, xut bn. + Xy dng, pht trin nn vn ha Vit Nam tin tin, m bn sc vn ha dn tc. y l ti sn chung ca ton th cc dn tc Vit Nam qua bao i xy dng nn; l ti sn tinh thn ca dn tc, l ng lc pht trin ca x hi. m mu ca cc th lc th ch l p t gi tr vn ha v li sng ca chng tc ng lm suy gim n ch th tiu bn sc vn ha dn tc Vit Nam, thc hin "xm lng vn ha". Xy dng, bo v, pht trin nn vn ha Vit Nam tin tin m bn sc vn ha dn tc, l phi tip thu tinh hoa vn ha nhn loi, lm su sc hn, giu c hn bn sc vn ha Vit Nam. To ra tnh a dng ca nn vn ha, chng s xm lng vn ha ca cc nc. Bo v nn vn ha Vit Nam l phi kin quyt ngn chn, y li vn ha c hi, i try, c ni dung xu c, loi tr m mu th on ca ch lm suy yu i n ha tan bn sc vn ha ca dn tc ta. Chng quan im thng mi ha cc hot ng vn ha. + Lm tt cng tc bo v chnh tr ni b; qun l v kim sot cht ch cng tc tuyn truyn, xut bn v c nh hng thng nht trong ch o nghin cu l lun; nng cao hiu qu cng tc t tng - vn ha trong tnh hnh mi. b) Phng chng Din bin ha bnh trn lnh vc kinh t Trong chin lc Din bin ho bnh cc th lc th ch lun li dng lnh vc kinh t gy sc p v chnh tr, buc ta l thuc v lm chch hng nn kinh t theo hng t bn, tin ti chch hng v chnh tr. Mt khc li dng mu thun ch - th trong cc doanh nghip t bn t nhn, lin doanh vi nc ngoi, s nh n trong sn xut v i sng kh khn ca cng nhn trong mt s doanh nghip Nh nc kch ng ngi lao ng nh cng, biu tnh nhiu ni... gy thit hi v kinh t, lm mt an ninh, ri lon trt t x hi, ph hoi mi trng u t nc ngoi. Ngoi ra, cc th lc th ch cn dng tin v vt cht mua chuc, li ko, tha ho i ng cn b ca ta. V vy, trong Din bin ho bnh lnh vc kinh t c coi l mi nhn chng ph ca ch. c im xut pht ca cc quc gia tham gia ton cu ha kinh t khc nhau, sn chi khng bnh ng, lut chi do k mnh t ra, cc nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam d b chn p, thua thit. Cnh tranh kinh t din ra rt quyt lit, phc tp, tch cc, tiu cc an xen ln nhau, va hp tc va u tranh. Phng chng Din bin ha bnh trn lnh vc kinh t, chng ta phi: - Qun trit, thc hin v bo v vng chc ng li i mi kinh t ca ng theo nh hng x hi ch ngha, xy dng nn kinh t c lp t ch vi ch ng, tch cc hi nhp kinh t quc t v khu vc theo tinh thn pht huy ti a ni lc, nng cao hiu qu hp tc quc t, bo m nh hng x hi ch ngha, bo v li ch dn tc, an ninh quc gia, gi gn bn sc vn ha dn tc. - Lun lun cao cnh gic, khng m h trc m mu en ti ca cc th lc th ch li dng quan h kinh t, thng mi, thng qua kinh t chuyn ha ta v chnh tr. - Thc hin phng chm ch ng hp tc, u tranh kin quyt, mm do trong quan h kinh t. ng thi hn ch cc mt tiu cc do nn kinh t th trng to ra trn mt s mt ca i sng x hi. Phn u thc hin, nng cao i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca nhn dn; thc hnh tit kim, chng tham nhng, tham , lng ph. - Kt hp gia tng trng kinh t vi cng bng x hi, thu hp khong cch giu ngho, gii quyt tnh trng tht nghip v thiu vic lm, hn ch mt tiu cc ca nn kinh t th trng, u tranh c hiu qu vi cc ti phm kinh t, chng tham nhng, lng ph, tham . - Phi nng cao thc, nng lc cho cn b, ng vin v nhn dn trong xy dng nn kinh t c lp t ch, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh v hon thin php lut v kinh t. c) Phng chng Din bin ha bnh trn vn dn ch, nhn quyn, dn tc v tn gio Vn dn ch, nhn quyn, dn tc v tn gio l vn nhy cm, phc tp nhiu ni trn th gii. Nhng nm qua M v cc th lc phn ng lun li dng, kch ng vn ny lm suy yu v can thip vo ni b ca cc quc gia; gy mt n nh v ly khai nhiu ni trn th gii, vi nhng cuc xung t v trang m mu. Vit Nam l mt quc gia a dn tc v tn gio, sc mnh gi nc ca dn tc l sc mnh ca khi i on kt ton dn. V vy, trong chin lc Din bin ho bnh i vi Vit Nam, cc th lc th ch cng ht sc li dng nhng vn trn gy mt n nh, lm suy yu v can thip vo ni b ca ta. Vn dn ch, nhn quyn, dn tc, tn gio c chn lm ngi n trong chng ph Vit Nam. Chng ang nui dng, tm cch dng mt s t chc dn tc, tn gio phn ng thnh t chc chnh tr i lp vi ng ta. Thc tin Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt Vit Nam trong hn 30 nm qua cho thy r iu ny; s kin gy ri ca mt s nh s Hu (1993), bo lon chnh tr Ty Nguyn (2001, 2004), Mng Nh, in Bin (5-2011), l nhng minh chng tiu biu cho vn ny. chng Din bin ho bnh trn lnh vc dn ch, nhn quyn, dn tc, tn gio cn ch ng lm tt nhng vn sau: - ng v Nh nc cn tip tc i mi, hon thin chnh sch dn tc, tn gio ng n rng m, lm c s cng c khi i on kt ton dn. Tn trng quyn li v s bnh ng gia cc dn tc, quyn t do tn ngng ca nhn dn theo ng php lut v truyn thng vn ho Vit Nam. - Quan tm pht trin kinh t - x hi, kt hp pht trin kinh t vi quc phng - an ninh nhng vng rng ni, bin gii; ci thin i sng vt cht, tinh thn ca ng bo cc dn tc t ngi, ng bo cc tn gio. Thc hin bnh ng, on kt, tng tr, gip ln nhau gia cc dn tc, tn gio trong s nghip i mi, xy dng t nc. - Xy dng c s vng mnh, c bit l h thng chnh tr; chm lo o to bi dng i ng cn b ng vin trung thnh v c uy tn trong vng ng bo dn tc, tn gio; ngn nga, u tranh vi mi m mu v hnh ng li dng vn dn tc, tn gio tuyn truyn kch ng qun chng ly khai, chng ng v chnh quyn, ph hoi khi i on kt ton dn. Pht huy vai tr ca mt trn T quc v cc t chc chnh tr - x hi, cc gi lng, nhn s, chc sc tn gio trong cng tc vn ng qun chng. - Cng c khi i on kt ton dn di s lnh o ca ng trong xy dng v bo v T quc, trn c s thc hin thng li cc mc tiu, chng trnh pht trin kinh t- x hi v lm tt cng tc vn ng qun chng, thc hin tt cc chnh sch dn tc, tn gio; thc hin tt quy ch dn ch c s, tn trng quyn lm ch ca nhn dn. d) Phng chng Din bin ha bnh trn lnh vc quc phng, qun s, an ninh Trc tin cn phi gi vng v tng cng s lnh o ca ng i vi quc phng - an ninh. Tng cng cng c nn quc phng, gi vng an ninh quc gia v bo v ton vn lnh th l nhim v trng yu, thng xuyn ca ng, Nh nc v ca ton dn, trong qun i nhn dn v cng an nhn dn l lc lng nng ct. Tip tc xy dng, cng c, hon thin th trn quc phng ton dn, kt hp vi th trn an ninh nhn dn tng a phng v trn c nc vng mnh ton din, chc trng im; Xy dng khu vc phng th tnh (thnh ph) vng chc, tng bc b sung hon thin k hoch A v A2 trn tng a bn, lm tht bi mi m mu gy mt n nh trn t nc ta ca ch. Tng cng cng tc bo m an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi, khng xy ra nhng im nng v an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi, nht l cc vng dn tc, min ni v cc trung tm kinh t, chnh tr ca t nc. Tip tc xy dng, pht trin cc khu vc kinh t kt hp vi quc phng vng su, vng xa, vng bin gii. Xy dng qun i nhn dn v cng an nhn dn: cch mng, chnh quy, tinh nhu, tng bc hin i; c bn lnh chnh tr vng vng, trung thnh tuyt i vi T quc, vi ng, vi nhn dn; c trnh hc vn v chuyn mn nghip v ngy cng cao; qu trng v ht lng phc v nhn dn; c phm cht o c, li sng lnh mnh; c trnh sn sng chin u v sc chin u ngy cng cao; thng xuyn cnh gic, kp thi p tan mi m mu v hnh ng xm phm c lp, ch quyn, ton vn lnh th T quc v an ninh quc gia. Kin quyt u tranh chng mi lun iu, th on ca cc th lc th ch nhm phi chnh trޔ, v hiu ha lc lng v trang, trc ht l qun i v cng an. Cn xc nh cc tnh hung c th v c phng n x tr ph hp vi cc tnh hung . e) Phng chng Din bin ha bnh trn lnh vc ngoi giao Trn c s bo m c lp, ch quyn quc gia, m rng quan h i ngoi v ch ng, tch cc hi nhp kinh t quc t. Tip tc thc hin a phng ha, a dng ha quan h quc t, nhng phi bm o li ch quc gia, dn tc; gi vng mi trng ha bnh v to iu kin quc t thun li pht trin kinh t-x hi, cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, xy dng v bo v T quc; ng thi gp phn tch cc vo cuc u tranh chung ca nhn dn th gii v ha bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v tin b x hi. Tn trng c lp ch quyn, ton vn lnh th, khng can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nhau, khng dng v lc, hoc e do dng v lc, bnh ng cng c li; gii quyt cc bt ng v tranh chp bng thng lng ha bnh; lm tht bi mi m mu v hnh ng gy sc p, p t v cng quyn ca ch ngha quc. lm tt hot ng i ngoi trong chng Din bin ho bnh cn: - i mi t duy i ngoi theo kp s pht trin mau l ca tnh hnh th gii. C d bo ng: tnh hnh th gii, khu vc, chiu hng vn ng ca cc mi quan h quc t v m mu, th on chin lc Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt ca k th i vi Vit Nam. Cnh gic, nhn r m mu th on Din bin ho bnh ca cc th lc th ch trn lnh vc ngoi giao, c bin php ngn chn phng nga. - Xc nh ng n i tng, i tc trn cc lnh vc; khai thc s ng thun trong cc quan h li ch an xen, ph thuc ln nhau trn th gii, trong khu vc v vi Vit Nam, phc v cho s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc. Ch ng tin cng trn hot ng i ngoi, vch trn v lm tht bi cc lun iu xuyn tc, vu co, can thip vo cng vic ni b ca Vit Nam di mi hnh thc. - Vn ng Vit kiu tham gia pht hin, u tranh vi nhng m mu v hnh ng chng ph ca bn phn ng lu vong ngi Vit. - Phi hp cht ch gia i ngoi vi an ninh-quc phng trong phng v chng Din bin ho bnh, bo lon lt . Khng cho ch li dng lnh th cc nc lng ging xm nhp, h tr, ch o chng ph Vit Nam. III. Phng chng bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch i vi Vit Nam 1. Mc tiu, quan im t tng ch o a) Mc tiu Ch ng phng nga, sm pht hin v trit tiu nhng nhn t bn trong c th dn n bo lon, kin quyt p tan bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch, bo v vng chc ng, chnh quyn, bo v nhn dn v ch x hi ch ngha. b) Quan im t tng ch o Bn cht bo lon l vn chnh tr, giai cp; cuc u tranh gia ta v ch din ra rt quyt lit, phc tp, c tnh cht i khng, mt cn. Trung tm xuyn sut l u tranh gi vng chnh quyn cch mng, chng li m mu lt chnh quyn ca cc th lc th ch. V vy, cc cp, cc ngnh, cc lc lng cn nm vng cc quan im, t tng ch o sau y: - Ch ng phng nga khng xy ra bo lon l cch tt nht Phng nga khng xy ra bo lon lt l phng chm, t tng ch o, th hin t tng tch cc, ch ng tin cng ngn chn v tiu dit tn gc mm mng bo lon lt ca ch. phng nga bo lon lt , phi coi trng vic nng cao nng lc lnh o, iu hnh ca cp y, chnh quyn cc cp; chm lo xy dng cng c c s chnh tr, "th trn lng dn" vng chc, nht l trn cc a bn trng im, ni c s chnh tr ca ta yu km; nng cao tinh thn cnh gic cch mng cho qun v dn; ch ng xy dng k hoch, phng n i ph vi cc tnh hung c th. Phi hp cht ch gia cc cp, cc ngnh, on th. T chc luyn tp, din tp cho mi cp, mi ngnh, mi lc lng nhm nng cao nng lc lnh o, t chc iu hnh, ch huy, hip ng, cc hnh thc u tranh trong x tr cc tnh hung v rn e ngn chn mi hot ng bo lon ca cc th lc th ch. Kp thi pht hin, xa b trit mm mng, iu kin dn n bo lon lt . - i vi cc "im nng" cn phn bit v ch ng ngn nga, ngn chn khng dn ti bo lon lt Ch ng ngn nga, sm pht hin v trit tiu nhng nhn t bn trong c th dn n nhng t bin, bo lon. Cn c s phi hp cht ch gia cc lc lng trn a bn nm chc v nh gi ng tnh hnh, phn bit v ch ng gii quyt kp thi cc mu thun ni b, mu thun ch, ta. Di s lnh o trc tip ca cp y ng v iu hnh ca chnh quyn a phng, t chc phi hp cht ch gia lc lng qun s, an ninh, vi cc t chc chnh tr nhanh chng hnh thnh th trn chng ch ngay ti cc "im nng"; ch ng ngn nga, ngn chn, dp tt cc v gy ri, v hiu ha cc hot ng ca cc i tng phn ng trong v ngoi nc. u tranh ngn chn hot ng ca s c hi chnh tr, khng hnh thnh t chc di mi hnh thc, u tranh phng chng ti phm. Cn c d kin v thy ht mi tnh hung phc tp c phng n ch ng phng nga, trnh b ng, i u, c lp. Kin quyt khng xy ra tnh hung xu. Trong bt k tnh hung no cng khng lm vo tnh trng b ng, bo m sc i ph vi mi tnh hung. Khng ch li dng kch ng qun chng dn n bo lon, dit tr mi nguyn nhn c th dn n bo lon t trong trng nc, khng xy ra v ly lan ko di, khng cc th lc phn ng bn ngoi c c can thip. - Khi xy ra bo lon lt , phi s dng cc bin php u tranh tng hp, gii quyt nhanh gn, kin quyt, linh hot, ng i tng, khng ko di, lan rng Trn c s k hoch A2 chun b trong thi bnh, kp thi b sung, iu chnh cho ph hp vi din bin c th, h quyt tm nhanh, x l nhanh chnh xc, kin quyt - linh hot - ng i tng. Gii php chung l phi s dng v kt hp cc lc lng, cc hnh thc, bin php u tranh tng hp, kt hp cht ch gia u tranh chnh tr, qun s, an ninh, kinh t, hnh chnh, ngoi giao to thnh sc mnh tng hp p tan m mu, hnh ng bo lon lt ca ch; tp trung lc lng vo a bn trng im, hng chin lc ch yu; kt hp cht ch gia bo v ng, chnh quyn, bo v dn, bo v cc mc tiu, nh ch vi vn ng qun chng, dit th trong, phng gic ngoi, bao vy ti ch vi ngn chn ni khc, thu hp phm vi khng cho ly lan m rng. 2. Phng chm, phng thc, hnh thc u tranh phng chng bo lon lt a) Phng chm ch o - Kin nh cc nguyn tc chin lc, vn dng linh hot sch lc, tranh th s ng h rng ri ca nhn dn trong nc, d lun quc t; phn ha, c lp cc phn t chng i, ngoan c nht, cc th lc chng ph cch mng Vit Nam hung hng nht. - i vi ni b, ly vic pht huy dn ch, gio dc, thuyt phc, phng nga l chnh i i vi vic gi gn k cng, k lut, x l nghim minh cc hnh vi vi phm k lut, php lut. - i vi cc th lc chng i trong nc, cn phn ha, c lp bn u s, ngoan c; x l nghim minh, kin quyt nhng phn t c tnh chng i i ngc li li ch dn tc, li ch ca cch mng v nhn dn. Gio dc li ko nhng ngi lm ng, khng hnh thnh t chc i lp di bt c hnh thc no. - Thng xuyn i st c s, nm chc tnh hnh, x l kp thi mi mm mng gy mt n nh an ninh chnh tr, khng b ng bt ng. b) Phng thc u tranh - Pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn, ca c h thng chnh tr, u tranh ton din vi cc th lc th ch. - Kt hp cht ch gia u tranh chnh tr, qun s, an ninh, kinh t, hnh chnh, php lut, ngoi giao. - Kt hp tiu dit, lm tan r cc lc lng phn ng vi bo v cc mc tiu trng yu v chnh tr, kinh t, qun s, bo v ng chnh quyn v bo v nhn dn. - Phi da vo dn, gi dn, ginh dn, bo v dn, kt hp gia nh ch, tiu dit, trng tr bn u s vi tuyn truyn vn ng nhn dn phn ha v nhanh chng lm tan r lc lng phn ng. Tuyt i khng c dng v lc chng li nhn dn. - Kt hp dit th trong, phng, ngn chn gic ngoi, bao vy ti ch vi ngn chn ni khc khng cho chng lin kt vi nhau. c) Cc hnh thc u tranh ch yu - u tranh chnh tr Lc lng chnh tr l lc lng c bn ca cch mng, gi vai tr nn tng trong chng bo lon lt . u tranh chnh tr l hnh thc u tranh c bn c ngha quyt nh thng li trong sut qu trnh chng bo lon lt . u tranh chnh tr l phng thc u tranh ch yu va bo v, va phn cng, va tin cng cc th lc th ch. Lc lng chnh tr bao gm lc lng ca qun chng cch mng, nng ct l cc t chnh tr ca ng, ly cc t chc ng lm ht nhn lnh o. Mc tiu u tranh l bo v vng chc ng, chnh quyn, cc t chc chnh tr ca ng, nhn dn v bo v ch x hi ch ngha; u tranh vch trn bn cht, m mu th on phn ng ca cc th lc th ch. Hnh thc, bin php u tranh va u tranh vi ch, va bit cch t bo v mnh, kt hp tuyn truyn vn ng qun chng phn ha c lp bn u s; va kin quyt, va mm do. Cn phi lp th trn u tranh chnh tr su rng t c s, nht l ni a bn trng im. Hnh thc u tranh c th dng ting ni ca qun chng p li cc lun iu xuyn tc ca ch. S dng ngi c uy tn trong cc t chc chnh tr, x hi, cc cn b lo thnh cch mng, tr thc, cc nhn s yu nc, cu chin binh, nhng ngi c uy tn trong ng bo cc dn tc, cc tn gio tuyn truyn vn ng cho ph hp vi tng i tng; c th dng ngay cha, m, v con, bn b, ngi thn vn ng nhng ngi lm ng lc li tr v vi nhn dn, v vi cch mng. Khi c iu kin v thi c ta c th t chc huy ng lc lng ng o qun chng mt tinh ng h ng, Nh nc, biu dng lc lng cch mng, hoc biu tnh i khng chn v gii tn cc cuc biu tnh phn cch mng. - u tranh qun s Lc lng qun s l lc lng c bn, u tranh qun s l hnh thc u tranh c bn c ngha quyt nh p tan bo lon lt ca ch v h tr cho lc lng chnh tr u tranh. Lc lng qun s phi ly lc lng v trang ba th qun lm nng ct. Lc lng v trang l cng c bo lc sc bn ca ng v Nh nc; l mt trong nhng lc lng nng ct trong s nghip bo v T quc, bo v ch x hi ch ngha; l ht nhn ca th trn quc phng ton dn; l lc lng tc chin ch lc, thng trc, gi vai tr ch yu quyt nh chng bo lon v trang v can thip v trang ca cc th lc bn ngoi. Lc lng v trang trung thnh vi ng, vi T quc, vi nhn dn, lun vng mnh, c sc chin u cao, lm trn nhim v i qun chin u, i qun cng tc v vn ng qun chng, s gp phn vo s n nh chnh tr, x hi t nc, l tr ct vng chc bo v T quc, bo v ng, bo v ch x hi ch ngha; l ch da vng chc ca cc cp y, chnh quyn, on th v nhn dn trong chng bo lon lt v c kh nng rn e, lm nht ch, nn lng cc lc lng th ch. Nhim v ca lc lng v trang l: + Lm tham mu cho cp u, chnh quyn cc cp trong phng nga v x l bo lon. + Tham gia cng c c s chnh tr, vn ng qun chng. + Phi hp cng vi cng an, t chc nm ch bn trong v ngoi a bn. + Khi bo lon xy ra: bo v cc mc tiu trng yu; chng khng b, ngn chn khng cho lc lng phn ng xm nhp t bn ngoi. Tham gia v h tr u tranh chnh tr, gi gn an ninh trt t trn a bn. + H tr v tham gia xy dng h thng chnh tr c s sau bo lon; khc phc hu qu, n nh sn xut v i sng ca nhn dn. Nguyn tc hnh ng ca lc lng v trang + Ly rn e, ngn nga lm chnh v lun lun ch ng sn sng, kp thi nh ch v qun s trn th mnh. + S dng lc lng v trang ng thi c, ng i tng, ng php lut, ph hp vi cc tnh hung v kh nng ca tng lc lng, s dng vi quy m hp l, mnh ginh thng li. + Hot ng ca lc lng v trang trong chng bo lon lt phi da trn nn tng chnh tr vng chc, pht huy vai tr nng ct ca lc lng v trang to nn sc mnh tng hp nh thng ch. + Vn hnh c ch thng nht, lnh o, ch huy cht ch, kp thi trong mi tnh hung. Khi xy ra bo lon lt khng v trang, lnh o, ch huy cc n v lc lng v trang phi phi hp vi lc lng an ninh nhanh chng nh gi ng tnh hnh, mc ch, tnh cht, i tng bo lon lt xut, ch o v phi hp vi cp y, chnh quyn a phng quyt nh gii php, t chc, huy ng lc lng chng bo lon lt . Nhng d bo lon xy ra vi hnh thc, quy m no cng phi ly vic pht huy sc mnh ca qun chng, ly lc lng chnh tr, u tranh chnh tr l c bn, ch yu v kt hp vi cc mt, cc hnh thc u tranh khc p tan hnh ng bo lon lt ca ch. Lc lng v trang tham gia chng bo lon c th lm nhim v bo v cc mc tiu trng yu v chnh tr, kinh t, qun s ca Trung ng v a phng trn a bn. Hot ng ca lc lng v trang ch yu l rn e, ngn nga v h tr cho lc lng chnh tr v qun chng u tranh. Khi cn thit c th s dng mt b phn b i a phng tham gia gii quyt v vic, nht l a bn trng im. B i ch lc tham gia cht chn vng ngoi, bo v cc mc tiu trng yu, sn sng tiu dit ch c v trang, lc lng phn ng nhanh v ch ng i ph vi cc tnh hung khc c th xy ra. Cc lc lng v trang tham gia chng bo lon lt phi kt hp cht ch vi cc t chc, lc lng chnh tr bo v cc mc tiu v tham gia tuyn truyn vn ng qun chng khng mc mu ca ch, pht hin, c lp bn u s. Khi cn thit nhanh chng chuyn mt b phn trong lc lng v trang t hot ng qun s sang lm cng tc vn ng qun chng. thc hin tt nhim v tham gia chng bo lon lt , cn ch trng gio dc cho cn b, chin s nhn thc su sc nhim v, phng chm, t tng ch o; xy dng bn lnh, chnh tr, lp trng t tng vng vng, ch quyt tm st , khn kho v kin quyt u tranh vi cc th lc th ch. Khi ch tin hnh bo lon c v trang, hoc c lc lng v trang bn ngoi trc tip can thip th nht thit phi s dng bin php qun s. Lc lng qun s v u tranh qun s l ch yu, c ngha quyt nh. Khi s dng lc lng v trang phi kin quyt, dt khot, khng manh ng, khng s sc p t bn ngoi. Cn c vo i tng ch c th s dng lc lng ti ch, lc lng c ng, hoc kt hp gia lc lng v trang a phng vi b i ch lc ca qun khu v B, nht l trn a bn trng im. Phi kin quyt tp trung lc lng v trang vi thnh phn, quy m hp l nhanh chng tiu dit, v hiu ha v lm tan r lc lng v trang phn ng, nhanh chng p tan bo lon ca ch. Vic s dng lc lng v trang tham gia chng bo lon lt phi chp hnh v thc hin ng quy nh v c cp c thm quyn quyt nh. Trong tc chin phi vn dng linh hot cc loi hnh tc chin, kt hp gia tc chin phng th vi cc loi hnh chin dch tin cng, phn cng v cc bin php chin thut, cc mt u tranh khc h tr cho lc lng qun s v u tranh qun s nhanh chng tiu dit, v hiu ha lc lng v trang phn ng. Kt hp cht ch gia tiu dit lc lng v trang phn ng trong nc, vi phng, ngn chn, tiu dit tng b phn, tin ti nh bi lc lng v trang bn ngoi can thip. Kt hp cht ch gia tiu dit ch vi bo v mc tiu chnh tr, kinh t, qun s, bo v dn, gi gn lc lng. Kt hp cht ch gia u tranh qun s, vi u tranh chnh tr, tc chin vi ch vn nhanh chng p tan bo lon ca ch. - u tranh kinh t u tranh kinh t c v tr rt quan trng, gp phn to nn sc mnh tng hp p tan m mu hnh ng bo lon ca ch. Ni dung u tranh kinh t l phi hp gia cc ngnh kinh t vi cc lc lng v trang, lc lng an ninh tm mi bin php ct ngun cung cp vt cht, ti chnh, phng tin ca ch ni khc n v t bn ngoi vo; trit ph cc cn c kho tng, hu cn ca ch. Bo v vng chc cc mc tiu kinh t ca ta nh kho tng, ngn hng, lng thc, thuc men, kho v kh... khng ch nh chim. ng thi duy tr v n nh i sng ca nhn dn. - u tranh ngoi giao u tranh ngoi giao l hnh thc u tranh quan trng, phi hp v h tr cho u tranh chnh tr, qun s. Ni dung u tranh ngoi giao l u tranh vi cc nc, cc t chc c lin quan trc tip can thip vo cng vic ni b ca cch mng Vit Nam. Vch mt bn cht phn ng, m mu, th on thm c ca bn phn ng trong v ngoi nc, tranh th s ng tnh, ng h ca cc lc lng cch mng, nhn dn v cc nc trn th gii. Hnh thc u tranh c th thng qua mt trn ngoi giao; da vo lut php v thng l quc t; thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng v cc t chc, lc lng cch mng tin b. Sau khi dp xong bo lon lt Khi bo lon xy ra, nht l bo lon lt c v trang s c nhiu tn tht, thit hi v ngi, ti sn ca Nh nc v nhn dn, nh hng n t tng, tm l v i sng ca nhn dn. Cc n v lc lng v trang tham gia dp bo lon lt , phi phi hp vi cp y, chnh quyn ni xy ra bo lon lt lm tt cng tc chnh sch, tuyn truyn n nh t tng cho nhn dn, gip nhn dn khc phc kh khn, n nh cuc sng, duy tr, pht trin sn xut; cng c cc t chc chnh tr: nh t chc ng, chnh quyn, on th qun chng trn a bn xy ra bo lon, lp li trt t an ton x hi. Cng vi a phng kp thi rt kinh nghim v c k hoch, phng n i ph vi cc tnh hung khc c th xy ra. 3. C ch lnh o, iu hnh, ch huy trong phng chng bo lon lt a) Nguyn tc v c ch lnh o ca ng trong chng bo lon lt - Nguyn tc lnh o S lnh o ca ng i vi s nghip quc phng qun s tp trung vo Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, m thng xuyn v trc tip l B Chnh tr, lnh o theo nguyn tc tuyt i, trc tip v mi mt. Nguyn tc c c th ha trong nhim v chng bo lon lt ca ch l: ng thc hin s lnh o thng xuyn, trc tip thng qua B Chnh tr, s iu hnh ca Nh nc; s lnh o, iu hnh ca cp y, chnh quyn a phng; ca Qun u Trung ng, ng y Cng an Trung ng v t chc ng cc cp tham gia chng bo lon lt ca ch. Nguyn tc phi hp hnh ng phng chng bo lon lt : + Mi hot ng phi hp thc hin nhim v phng chng bo lon lt phi t di s lnh o tuyt i, trc tip v mi mt ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam v s qun l, iu hnh ca Nh nc, pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca c h thng chnh tr, trong cng an nhn dn l lc lng nng ct. Vic phi hp gia cc lc lng thuc B Cng an v cc lc lng thuc B Quc phng a phng phi t di s lnh o ca cp y ng, s iu hnh ca chnh quyn a phng v s ch o ca cp trn trc tip ca mi lc lng. + Bo m s ch o, ch huy, iu hnh tp trung thng nht ca tng lc lng da trn c s chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v t chc b my ca B Cng an, B Quc phng do Chnh ph quy nh. Bo m s on kt thng nht, h tr ln nhau thc hin nhim v c giao nhng khng nh hng n nhim v ring v cng vic ni b ca nhau. Phi gi b mt v lc lng, phng tin, bin php nghip v ca mi B. + Vic gii quyt cc v vic, cc tnh hung bo lon lt phi kin quyt, thn trng, tch cc, ch ng da trn c s ca cc quy nh ca php lut hin hnh, tn trng cc quyn v li ch hp php ca c quan, t chc v c nhn. - C ch lnh o ng lnh o, Nh nc qun l, nhn dn lm ch l c ch tng th, ch o trong h thng chnh tr x hi ca nc ta. C ch c vn hnh trn mi lnh vc hot ng ca x hi, trong bao gm c lnh vc quc phng, an ninh, trong chin tranh v cc nhim v chnh tr khc. Trong chng bo lon lt , c ch lnh o vn hnh theo Ngh quyt 02-NQ/TW ca B Chnh tr v c b sung theo Ngh quyt 28-NQ/TW ca B Chnh tr l: ng lnh o, Nh nc qun l iu hnh theo php lut, cc c quan cng an, qun s v cc c quan ban, ngnh, on th lm tham mu theo chc nng. Ch huy trng cng an, qun s ch huy thng nht cc lc lng thuc quyn lm nhim v chng bo lon lt ca ch. V s lnh o ca ng S lnh o ca ng l nhn t ch yu chi phi, quyt nh i vi ton b hot ng trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. tng cng s lnh o ca ng nhm lm cho c ch hot ng c hiu qu cao nht, bo m qu trnh thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt ca ch, s lnh o ca ng phi c tp trung thng nht vo Ban Chp hnh Trung ng m thng xuyn, trc tip l B Chnh tr, Ban B th Trung ng. S lnh o ca ng tp trung trn nhng vn ch yu sau: + ng quyt nh nhng vn c tnh nh hng ln v phng chm, t tng ch o, v s dng lc lng chnh tr, qun s, phng thc, hnh thc u tranh; ng lnh o ng vin cc cp, cc ngnh, cc lc lng, phi hp v to ra sc mnh tng hp cho lc lng v trang nh thng ch. + ng lnh o thng qua Nh nc, on th qun chng ca ng. Trn c s nm vng nhng quan im, nh hng ln trong chng bo lon lt ca ng, Nh nc, chnh quyn cc cp th ch ha thnh h thng php lut, k hoch, bin php c th trong iu hnh, huy ng lc lng, phng tin nhanh chng p tan bo lon lt ca ch. + ng lnh o cng tc t tng, t chc, cn b, chnh sch trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. + ng lnh o kt hp cc mt, cc hnh thc u tranh v qun s, chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha x hi v ngoi giao. + ng phi lnh o cht ch cng tc kim tra, gim st vic c th ha v t chc thc hin ca Nh nc, chnh quyn cc cp, cc t chc ng v t chc qun chng ca ng trong thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt ca ch. Chng bo lon lt l nhim v chnh tr qun s phc tp, rt nhy cm v chnh tr, c lin quan n quc phng an ninh trn cc a bn xy ra bo lon v trn phm vi c nc. i ph kp thi vi mi tnh hung v bo m tuyt i b mt, v vy nhng ni dung v ch trng nh hng ln ch c B Chnh tr, ng y Cng an v Qun u Trung ng c bit. Mt vn c tnh nguyn tc l khi quyt nh s dng qun i (c b i ch lc v b i a phng) chng bo lon bng v trang ca ch, mi cp, mi hnh thc, mi quy m, c trong hay ngoi k hoch u phi do B trng B Quc phng hoc Tng Tham mu trng ra lnh theo s lnh o, ch o ca Qun u Trung ng v B Chnh tr. Trong qu trnh x l, ng cn coi trng lnh o vic huy ng sc mnh ton din, tng hp ca cc ngnh, cc a phng v nm chc lc lng v trang nhanh chng tiu dit lc lng v trang phn ng, dp tt bo lon chnh tr bn trong ni a; ng thi tng cng lnh o cc hot ng i ngoi, lm tht bi mi m mu v hnh ng can thip chng ph trn cc mt ca cc th lc th ch; phng v sn sng nh bi hnh ng can thip v trang v gy chin tranh xm lc ca k th bn ngoi. V qun l, iu hnh ca Nh nc Nh nc l b phn trong c cu t chc h thng chnh tr nc ta, ng thi l thnh phn trong c ch lnh o ca ng trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. Nh nc c vai tr quyt nh trong vic c th ha v t chc thc hin thng li ch trng, quan im, nhim v ca ng ra trong chng bo lon lt . nng cao nng lc qun l, iu hnh trong chng bo lon lt ch, Nh nc phi nm vng v thc hin tt nhng vn ch yu sau: + Nm vng nhng quan im, nhng nh hng ln ca ng v mc tiu, phng chm, t tng ch o, gii php ln trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. + Nhanh chng, kp thi c th ha thnh php lut, k hoch, bin php tng th to c s php l, php lut trong chng bo lon lt . Ban hnh cc chnh sch mi nhm phc v trc tip cho nhim v chng bo lon lt . Kp thi ra lnh ng vin, thng bo tnh trng khn cp, ra lnh gii nghim v thit qun lut khu vc, a bn xy ra bo lon hoc trn phm vi c nc. + iu hnh, huy ng mi lc lng, phng tin, cc cp, cc ngnh Trung ng v a phng tham gia u tranh v phi hp, h tr cho lc lng v trang nh ch thng li. + Sau khi dp tt bo lon, Chnh ph ch o iu hnh cc ngnh, a phng nhanh chng khc phc hu qu, n nh tnh hnh, xy dng v cng c cc mt trn a bn xy ra bo lon. Pht huy vai tr lm tham mu v t chc thc hin ca c quan cng an, qun s tng cng s lnh o ca ng, nng cao hiu lc qun l, iu hnh ca Nh nc phi ng thi coi trng pht huy vai tr, trch nhim ca cc c quan, ban ngnh, trc ht l c quan cng an v c quan qun s trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. B Cng an c trch nhim trao i vi B Quc phng nhng thng tin v m mu hot ng ca cc th lc th ch c lin quan n thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt , tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr, trt t an ton x hi cc khu vc a bn xy ra bo lon, k hoch phi hp hip ng vi lc lng v trang thuc B Quc phng thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt . Vic trao i thng tin phi bo m b mt, kp thi, chnh xc. Trong trng hp c nhng thng tin khc nhau v mc tiu, tnh cht, quy m lc lng bo lon th hai bn phi kt hp xc minh, phi kt lun thng nht trc khi bo co cc c quan c thm quyn ca ng, Nh nc x l. B Cng an v B Quc phng phi phi hp vi cc c quan, ban, ngnh, on th Trung ng v a phng tham gia vn ng qun chng pht hin v u tranh vi m mu hot ng gy ri, bo lon lt ca ch. Theo quy ch ca Chnh ph, B Cng an v B Quc phng cn c chc nng, nhim v ca mnh lm tham mu cho ng, Nh nc, cp y, chnh quyn a phng v k hoch, phng n dp bo lon lt . Lnh o, ch huy cc lc lng v trang, b i ng chn trn a bn phi hp cht ch vi cc t chc, ban, ngnh, on th, lc lng chnh tr, b i a phng, dn qun t v bo v cc mc tiu trng yu v kinh t, chnh tr, qun s trn a bn trng im. Tng cng kim tra, kim sot, cht chn cc trc, nt giao thng, phong ta bao vy, chia ct cc lc lng biu tnh, bo lon, tiu dit bn cm u v lc lng phn ng c v trang. Ch ng sn sng nh bi cc m mu th on can thip ca ch t bn ngoi. i vi cc c quan ng, Nh nc, cc on th chnh tr ca ng Cc c quan, ban, ngnh, on th Trung ng v a phng, cn c nhim v chng bo lon lt lm tt chc nng tham mu cho ng v Nh nc, t chc thc hin nhim v theo chc nng, nhim v ca mnh. pht huy vai tr, trch nhim, cc c quan phi nm vng, lm tt chc nng, nhim v ch yu sau: + Lm tham mu cho ng, Nh nc theo chc nng, nhim v ca tng ban, ngnh trong vic tng hp, nhn nh, nh gi tnh hnh ch, ta; xut vi ng, Nh nc v ch trng, gii php, bin php nhanh chng p tan bo lon lt ca ch. + Gip ng, Nh nc trin khai thc hin, theo di, phi hp, kim tra cng cc ngnh, cc cp, cc a phng thc hin ng ch trng, quan im ca ng, k hoch bin php ca Nh nc trong qu trnh t chc thc hin chng bo lon lt . Qu trnh chng bo lon lt , tch cc kim tra, n c cc cp, cc ngnh, a phng, lc lng v trang thc hin. Kp thi nm kt qu tc chin, pht hin nhng vn mi ny sinh, cc tnh hung phc tp c lin quan, nh hng ti thc hin nhim v, kp thi xut vi ng, Nh nc c ch trng, bin php lnh o, ch o gii quyt ng n, nhanh chng, chnh xc, kp thi. V tr, vai tr, chc nng ca cc b, cc c quan, ban, ngnh khc nhau, v vy, phi phi hp cht ch vi nhau lm tt chc nng tham mu cho ng, Nh nc. Mt khc, phi t chc thc hin y nhim v theo chc nng, nhim v chuyn mn ca b, ban, ngnh mnh. Do nhim v chng bo lon lt ca ch - mt loi hnh chin tranh mi, ta phi la chn gii php chnh tr v qun s, u tranh chnh tr l ch yu, kt hp vi cc mt, cc lc lng u tranh khc. Chnh v vy, i hi vai tr ca lc lng cng an, B Quc phng phi c cao, phi lun lun ch ng quan h, phi hp, hip ng vi cc b, c quan, ban, ngnh tham mu cho ng, Nh nc v lnh o, ch huy, iu hnh lc lng v trang ba th qun cng vi cc lc lng khc nhanh chng p tan m mu, hnh ng bo lon lt ca ch. - Ni dung, phng thc lnh o ca ng Qun trit, nm vng nguyn tc lnh o tp trung thng nht ca ng, pht huy hiu lc c ch lnh o ca ng trong chng bo lon lt ca ch, khi c nguy c hoc xy ra bo lon lt , di s lnh o ca ng, qun l iu hnh ca Nh nc, pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca cc cp, cc ngnh, cc lc lng, ca c h thng chnh tr, kt hp cht ch hai lc lng: lc lng chnh tr v lc lng qun s, ly lc lng chnh tr, u tranh chnh tr lm ch yu, nng ct nhanh chng p tan bo lon lt ca ch. + Ni dung, phm vi lnh o ng lnh o ton din c v chnh tr, t tng v t chc trong qu trnh chng bo lon lt . ng lnh o c qun, dn, cc cp, cc ngnh t Trung ng n a phng. ng lnh o kt hp cc lc lng, cc mt u tranh c qun s, kinh t, chnh tr, ngoi giao. + Phng thc t chc lnh o, iu hnh Trn phm vi chin lc c nc: Ch trng, k hoch, bin php ln v chng bo lon lt u do Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, thng xuyn, trc tip l B Chnh tr, Ban B th Trung ng quyt nh lnh o, ch o. ng y Cng an Trung ng, Qun u Trung ng phi hp vi cc c quan ng v Nh nc nghin cu, xut Ban Chp hnh Trung ng v B Chnh tr quyt nh nhng ch trng v gii php trong chng bo lon lt . Sau khi c ngh quyt ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, B Chnh tr, ng y Cng an, Qun u Trung ng trc tip lnh o, ch o cc lc lng v trang thuc quyn thc hin theo phm vi, chc nng, nhim v c Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, B Chnh tr y quyn. Chng bo lon lt ca ch l vn sng cn ca t nc; l vn trc tip lin quan n ton ng, ton dn, ton qun. Do , B Chnh tr, Ban B th s ch th, giao nhim v cho cc c quan, ban, ngnh, on th Trung ng v cp y a phng thi hnh. Trn nhng a bn, khu vc, mc tiu trng im: Khi ch tin hnh bo lon lt trn nhng a bn, khu vc, mc tiu trng im lin quan n a bn chin lc nh: Ty Bc, Ty Nguyn, Ty Nam B hoc nhng mc tiu chin lc ca Trung ng v a phng nh: Th H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, HuՅ thc hin nguyn tc lnh o ca ng, to nn s nht tr cao trong ton ng, ton dn, ton qun, to nn sc mnh tng hp nh thng bo lon lt ca ch, ng s t chc ra Ban ch o chung gip Ban Chp hnh Trung ng, B Chnh tr lnh o, ch o, iu hnh gii quyt kp thi. Yu cu Ban ch o phi c xy dng, t chc ng b, mnh, c chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn lnh o, iu hnh, ch huy cc lc lng, phng tin trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. Ban ch o c c cu hp l, cht lng cao bao gm: i din B Chnh tr, ban ngnh ca ng, Nh nc, qun i, cng an v cp y, chnh quyn a phng trn cc a bn, khu vc, mc tiu trng im. Nhim v ca Ban ch o l: nm vng m mu th on ca ch, tnh hnh c s chnh tr a bn, tnh hnh lc lng v trang v cng an; kim tra cc ngnh, cc lc lng trin khai cc bin php phng nga, ngn chn, dp tt mm mng nguy c bo lon. Khi bo lon xy ra phi nm chc tnh hnh, ch o cc ngnh, cc lc lng nhanh chng p tan bo lon lt ca ch, gi vng s n nh chnh tr v c lp ch quyn ton vn lnh th ca T quc; bo v ng, Nh nc, ch x hi ch ngha Trung ng v a bn trng im. i vi cc a phng (tnh, thnh ph) ng Cng sn Vit Nam thc hin s lnh o ca mnh thng qua cp y a phng lnh o trc tip v mi mt cng tc quc phng, qun s a phng v trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. Ngh quyt 02-NQ/TW ca B Chnh tr Ban Chp hnh Trung ng kha VI ngy 30 thng 7 nm 1987 xc nh: vic xy dng cng c nn quc phng ton dn trn a bn tnh (thnh ph), huyn (qun), cng nh vic ch o cc lc lng cng cc t chc khc ca ng, chnh quyn v ton dn hot ng bo v a phng, chng mi m mu th on v hnh ng ph hoi ca k th t di s lnh o tp trung, thng nht ca tnh y (thnh y), huyn y (qun y), s iu hnh ca chnh quyn a phng, s ch huy thng nht ca ngi ch huy qun s tnh (thnh ph), huyn (qun). Ngh quyt 28-NQ/TW ca B Chnh tr Ban chp hnh Trung ng kha X ngy 22 thng 9 nm 2008 cng ch r: Hot ng ca khu vc phng th trong tnh hung khn cp v quc phng v chin tranh, t di s lnh o tuyt i, trc tip ca cp u ng, s ch o thng nht ca u ban nhn dn, do ch huy trng c quan qun s a phng ch tr tham mu v ch huy thng nht cc lc lng v trang ca khu vc phng th, phi hp vi cc lc lng khc sn sng chin u v chin u. Do c im, tnh cht, nhim v, phm vi hot ng chng bo lon lt , c ch hot ng lnh o ca ng c c th ha nh sau: "cp y a phng trc tip lnh o, chnh quyn iu hnh, c quan qun s cng cng an lm tham mu, ch huy trng qun s ch huy thng nht lc lng v trang thuc quyn chng bo lon lt . Khi c nguy c xy ra bo lon lt ca ch, cp y, chnh quyn a phng phi trc tip lnh o, iu hnh mi lc lng nhanh chng hnh thnh th trn, lc lng qun s, chnh tr ni xy ra dp tan bo lon, khng cho ly lan. i vi cp y a phng, trong mi tnh hung xy ra bo lon lt phi nhanh chng nh gi ng tnh hnh ch, tnh hnh ta; xc nh i tng, mc ch, tnh cht, quy m, d kin chiu hng pht trin ca tnh hnh. Trn c s , kp thi bo co nhn nh, kt lun vi ng, Nh nc, ra ch trng, bin php p tan bo lon lt ca ch a phng; kt hp gia cc lc lng qun s v chnh tr, lc lng kinh t v ngoi giao; huy ng v ng vin sc mnh tng hp ca c h thng chnh tr a phng v ton dn tham gia phi hp cng lc lng v trang a phng v cp trn chng bo lon lt ca ch. i vi chnh quyn a phng, cn c vo ch trng, t tng ch o ca ng, ca cp y a phng v mnh lnh, ch th ca T lnh qun khu, kp thi ban hnh lnh gii nghim (theo thm quyn). Tu theo tnh hnh c th, tnh cht, quy m xy ra bo lon lt ca ch chuyn mt b phn hay ton b hot ng ca ca cc c quan, on th, lc lng v trang a phng vo ch thi chin. Chnh quyn cc cp a phng phi t chc iu hnh cc lc lng, phng tin, phi hp vi lc lng v trang chng bo lon lt . C th t chc Ban ch o ch huy chung trong thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt . Thnh phn c th gm: Trng ban l B th tnh y hoc Ch tch y ban nhn dn; y vin l: gim c cng an, ch huy trng b ch huy qun s tnh, ch huy trng bin phng v mt s ban, ngnh, on th. ng y qun s a phng c nhim v lnh o v mi mt c quan qun s v cc n v b i a phng thuc quyn thc hin thng li nhim v chng bo lon lt do cp y, chnh quyn a phng v qun khu giao cho. ng y Cng an tnh, ng y Qun s tnh phi phi hp cht ch v lm tt chc nng tham mu cho cp y v chnh quyn a phng trong chng bo lon lt ca ch; t vi cp y a phng v k hoch s dng lc lng cng an v lc lng v trang a phng tham gia chng bo lon lt v phi kt hp vi cc lc lng chnh tr, cc mt u tranh. L ch da vng chc nht ca cp y, chnh quyn a phng trong chng bo lon lt ca ch, c bit l trong nhng tnh hung phc tp, kh khn nht ca tnh hnh. ng thi ng y Cng an, ng y qun s a phng phi nhanh nhy, c kh nng pht hin v u tranh vi quan im ch o, gii php lch lc, sai tri. ng y cng an, ng y qun s a phng phi gii quyt ng n mi quan h vi cp y, chnh quyn a phng v lnh o, ch huy cp trn trc tip ca mnh trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. ng y qun s a phng va phi chp hnh ngh quyt, ch th, mnh lnh ca ng y (Thng v), T lnh qun khu va phi chp hnh nhim v do cp y v chnh quyn a phng giao trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. Trong tng khu vc, mc tiu, nhim v c th Trn c s nguyn tc, c ch lnh o ca ng trong chng bo lon lt ; cn c vo quy m, lc lng, nhim v, mc tiu c th thng nht lnh o, ch huy theo quy nh ca tng cp. Cn c vo nhim v trn giao, ng y cc cp, n v b i ch lc, b i a phng, cng an tham gia chng bo lon lt cn phi: + Nghin cu nm vng ngh quyt, ch th, mnh lnh nhim v cp trn giao. + Nhn nh, nh gi tnh hnh, ng mc ch, m mu, th on, lc lng, mc tiu ch yu m ch c th nh chim. Xc nh quyt tm, t tng ch o, chnh xc. + Nm vng tnh hnh mi mt ca n v, tnh hnh nhn dn a phng trn a bn, nht l khu vc, a bn trng im xy ra bo lon lt xc nh ch trng, bin php lnh o v chnh tr, t tng, t chc, cn b, chnh sch v phi kt hp vi cc n v, cc lc lng, cc mt cng tc trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. b) Ch huy cc lc lng v trang trong chng bo lon lt - Yu cu ch huy Ch huy chng bo lon lt t trong c ch lnh o ca ng, ngi ch huy cc n v trong lc lng v trang phi chu s lnh o ch o ca ng, Nh nc ca cp y, chnh quyn a phng. Ngi ch huy c v tr vai tr rt quan trng trong thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt . S vng vng ca ngi ch huy, nht l cp chin dch, chin lc l ch da ca ng, Nh nc, chnh quyn v nhn dn trong chng bo lon lt ca ch. thng nht ch huy hip ng gia cc lc lng trong chng bo lon lt ca ch, yu cu t chc ch huy phi: + H thng ch huy phi ng b, mnh bao gm c ngi ch huy, c quan ch huy, bo m ch huy tp trung thng nht t trn xung. + Bn lnh chnh tr vng vng, trung thnh tuyt i vi ng, Nh nc, nhn dn v ch x hi ch ngha, c thc chp hnh nhim v, mnh lnh trit , n lc sng to trong ch huy iu hnh cc lc lng tham gia chng bo lon lt ca ch, v c quyt tm cao thc hin nhim v. + C kin thc nng lc ton din c qun s, chnh tr, php lut; sc so, nhun nhuyn trong u tranh qun s, chnh tr, vi cc th lc th ch. + C tc phong ch huy kin quyt, to bo, khn kho, su st c s, cp di trong cc tnh hung kh khn, phc tp. + nh gi tnh hnh v x l tnh hung nhanh, chnh xc, hnh ng kin quyt, nhanh chng, khng chn ch, do d, khng manh ng, khng s sc p t bn ngoi. + S dng lc lng v trang kp thi ng thi c, ng i tng, ng php lut v quy nh ca cp trn. - T chc ch huy H thng t chc ch huy bao gm: ngi ch huy v c quan ca ngi ch huy, c t chc cht ch, bo m ch huy thng nht t trn xung di trong thc hin nhim v chng bo lon lt ca ch. Trn phm vi chin lc B trng B Cng an, B trng B Quc phng trc tip ch huy i vi lc lng thuc quyn trong c nc. B trng B Quc phng ch huy trc tip i vi cc qun khu, qun on, qun binh chng v lc lng v trang cc a phng trn a bn trng im ca c nc. Trong nhng trng hp c bit khn cp, cp chin lc c quyn ra lnh ch huy vt cp. Khi s dng qun i (c b i ch lc v b i a phng) chng bo lon lt ca ch mi ni, mi hnh thc, mi quy m, trong hay ngoi k hoch u phi do B trng B Quc phng hoc Tng Tham mu trng trc tip ra lnh theo s lnh o ca Thng v Qun y Trung ng v B Chnh tr. Trn nhng a bn trng im, B trng B Quc phng trc tip ch huy hoc thng qua B T lnh tin phng do B t chc ch huy chung cc u mi gm cc qun khu, cc lc lng v trang trc thuc B tham gia chng bo lon lt ca ch. C trng hp nhng a bn trng im, B tng cng lc lng, phng tin v giao cho b t lnh qun khu trc tip ch huy chng bo lon lt ca ch. + Ch huy dp bo lon lt cc a phng Ch huy trng qun s cp tnh, huyn ch huy trc tip i vi lc lng v trang thuc quyn v lc lng c tng cng trong chng bo lon lt . Ch huy trng qun s cng ngi ng u cng an tham mu cho cp y v chnh quyn a phng v nh gi tnh hnh, xc nh phng n gii quyt bng qun s theo chc nng v trc tip ch huy cc lc lng v trang thuc quyn dp bo lon lt ca ch a phng. Khi c nguy c sp xy ra hoc xy ra bo lon lt , ngi ch huy qun s phi tp trung vo vic nm chc tnh hnh hot ng ca ch, kp thi bo co vi B th, Ch tch tnh v vi lnh o, ch huy qun s cp trn; tin hnh t chc ng vin lc lng, phng tin, tng cng cng tc bo m ch huy, trin khai th trn, nm chc lc lng chin u v phc v chin u c k hoch s dng lc lng v trang hp l trong chng bo lon lt . Ch huy trng qun s phi nghin cu nm vng mnh lnh ca cp trn, h quyt tm, bo co quyt tm ng y qun s thng qua v bo co quyt tm ln cp trn cp trn ph chun, giao nhim v, t chc hip ng chin u gia cc lc lng, n v tham gia chng bo lon lt ca ch. Trong qu trnh ch huy dp bo lon lt ca ch, ngi ch huy qun s phi nm vng nhim v cp trn giao, ngh quyt ca cp y a phng, ch th ca chnh quyn, ngh quyt ca ng y qun s; nm vng tnh hnh mi mt ca lc lng v trang a phng, din bin tnh hnh tc chin cc khu vc, kp thi bo co B th, Ch tch v cp trn kp thi x tr chnh xc cc tnh hung. Ngi ch huy qun s a phng phi ch huy cc lc lng v trang thuc quyn thc hnh tin cng tiu dit lc lng v trang ca ch vi nhng hnh thc chin thut ph hp; kt hp cht ch gia lc lng qun s vi lc lng chnh tr, gia lc lng v trang a phng vi lc lng an ninh, kt hp cht ch gia u tranh qun s vi u tranh chnh tr, binh vn v ngoi giao; kt hp tiu dit ch vi t chc truy bt bn u s, gii tn cc t chc chnh tr phn ng; x l th trong, phng gic ngoi, bao vy ti ch, chn ni khc, gi vng cc mc tiu trng yu v chnh tr, kinh t, qun s ca Trung ng v a phng. Lun nm chc tnh hnh, d kin m mu th on mi ca ch; nm chc lc lng, nht l lc lng c ng sn sng i ph vi cc tnh hung mi, phc tp c th xy ra. Kt lun Chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca cc th lc th ch i vi ch ngha x hi l cc k nguy him. Chng thc hin c kt qu Lin X v cc nc x hi ch ngha ng u. Hin nay chng ang tp trung xa b cc nc x hi ch ngha cn li, trong Vit Nam l mt trng im. Mc tiu chin lc v cc th lc th ch l xa b vai tr lnh o ca ng cng sn, xa b ch x hi ch ngha Vit Nam v trn ton th gii. Mc tiu ca cc th lc th ch l nht qun, khng thay i, nhng cc th on, bin php thng c iu chnh, thay i cho ph hp vi tnh hnh th gii v c im tng nc. Ton ng, ton dn, ton qun ta phi nng cao thc cnh gic, nhn r bn cht, m mu, th on nguy him ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt ca ch. Di s lnh o ca ng, vi ng li, ch trng, bin php ng n chng ta c ch, nim tin, sc mnh nh bi chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt , gi vng c lp ch quyn, ton vn lnh th, bo v ng v ch x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Cuc u tranh phng chng chin lc Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt l cuc u tranh din ra trn mt trn mi, vi nhng hnh thc mi rt gay go, quyt lit, phc tp. y l nhim v cp bch hng u, thng xuyn v c bn lu di ca ton ng, ton qun, ton dn ta. Cuc u tranh ca nhn dn ta chng Din bin ha bnh, bo lon lt gn lin vi vic thc hin thnh cng s nghip i mi, lm cho t nc n nh, pht trin, th v lc ca ta ngy cng mnh ln. ng thi, chng ta phi ra sc khc phc kh khn, u tranh y li cc nguy c ni sinh nh: nguy c tt hu xa hn v kinh t; nguy c chch hng x hi ch ngha; nguy c tham nhng v nhng tc ng tiu cc ca mt tri c ch th trng. Di s lnh o ca ng - nhn t quyt nh thng li ca cch mng nc ta t trc n nay, pht huy truyn thng yu nc, on kt, mi quan h gn b gia ng vi nhn dn, pht huy sc mnh ca khi i on kt ton dn tc, s dng ng nguyn tc lc lng nng ct, kt hp cht ch cc lc lng u tranh, cc hnh thc v cc mt u tranh p tan mi m mu v hnh ng ca chin lc Din bin ha bnh kt hp bo lon lt , nh thng cc m mu th on can thip, xm lc ca quc M v cc th lc th ch i vi cch mng nc ta, bo v vng chc c lp ch quyn ton vn lnh th, bo v ng, bo v ch x hi ch ngha, nn vn ha v thnh qu cch mng ca nhn dn ta. To mi trng ha bnh, thun li nhn dn ta thc hin thnh cng s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha theo mc tiu c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi.  1 B Quc phng, T in bch khoa Qun s Vit Nam, Nxb QND, HN.2004, tr. 303. 1 ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin HBTQ ln th XI, Nxb CTQG, HN.2011, tr.185. 1 ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin HBTQ ln th X, Nxb CTQG, HN.2006, tr.22.  B Quc phng, T in bch khoa Qun s Vit Nam, Nxb QND, HN.2004, tr. 63. 1 ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin HBTQ ln th X, Nxb CTQG, HN.2006, tr. 109. 1 ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin HBTQ ln th XI, Nxb CTQG, HN.2011, tr. 81, 82. 2 ng Cng sn Vit Nam, Vn kin HBTQ ln th XI, Nxb CTQG, HN.2011, tr. 189.     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