ࡱ>  ~c bjbj*ff& ))Q+Q+Q+e+e+e+8+q.e+e0l1"11-2$ N 6uQ+l))1-2?Trrr) 1:Q+-2rrr%T-2=|j06  $< Q+%r  : Bi 1: TNG QUAN V MN HC GIO DC QUC PHNG - AN NINH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. MC CH, YU CU MN HC. 1. Mc ch. Mn hc GDQP-AN gp phn gio dc ton din cho hc sinh, sinh vin v ling yu nc, yu CNXH, nim t ho v s trn trng i vi truyn thng u tranh chng ngoi xm ca dn tc, ca cc lc lng vi trang nhn dn Vit Nam; c thc cnh gic trc m mu th on ca cc th lc th ch; c kin thc c bn v ng li QP-AN v cng tc qun l nh nc v QP-AN; c k nng qun s, an ninh cn thit  tham gia vo s nghip xy dng, cng c nn QPTD, ANND, sn sng BVTQ Vit Nam x hi ch ngh)a. 2. Yu cu Sinh vin xc nh trch nhim, thi  ng trong hc tp mn hc Gio dc quc phing  an ninh, tch cc tham gia xy dng cng c nn quc phing ton dn, an ninh nhn dn ngay khi ang hc tp, rn luyn trong nh trng v  mi v tr cng tc tip theo. II. NI DUNG CHNG TRNH MN HC GDQP-AN (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s: 81/2007/Q-BGDT ngy 24 thng 12 nm 2007 ca B trng B Gio dc v o to) Chng trnh i hc gm165 tit, chia lm 4 hc phn; chng trnh cao ng 135 tit (hc 3 hc phn 1,2,3) Hc phn I. ng li qun s ca ng (45 tit); Hc phn II. Cng tc quc phing  an ninh (45 tit); Hc phn III. Qun s chung (45 tit); Hc phn IV. Chin thut v k thut bn sng tiu lin AK (30 tit). 1. Hc phn I: ng li qun s ca ng Hc phn c 3 VHT  cp l lun c bn ca ng v ng li qun s, bao gm: nhng vn  c bn Hc thuyt Mc - L nin, t tng H Ch Minh v chin tranh, qun i v BVTQ; cc quan im ca ng v chin tranh nhn dn, xy dng lc lng vi trang, nn quc phing ton dn, an ninh nhn dn; cc quan im ca ng v kt hp pht trin KT-XH vi tng cng cng c quc phing, an ninh. Hc phn ginh thi lng nht nh gii thiu mt s ni dung c bn v lch s ngh thut qun s Vit Nam qua cc thi k. 2. Hc phn II: Cng tc quc phing, an ninh Hc phn c 3 VHT c la chn nhng ni dung c bn nhim v cng tc QP-AN ca ng, Nh nc trong tnh hnh mi, bao gm: xy dng LL dn qun, t v, LL d b ng vin, tng cng tim lc c s vt cht, k thut QP, phing chng chin tranh cng ngh cao, nh bi chin lc "DBHB", BLL ca cc th lc th ch i vi cch mng Vit Nam. Hc phn  cp mt s vn  v dn tc, tn gio v u tranh phing chng ch li dng vn  dn tc, tn gio chng ph cch mng Vit Nam; xy dng, bo v ch quyn bin gii, ch quyn bin o, an ninh quc gia, u tranh phing chng ti phm v gi gn trt t an ton x hi. 3. Hc phn III: Qun s chung Hc phn c 3 VHT l thuyt kt hp vi thc hnh nhm trang b cho ngi hc nhng kin thc c bn v bn  a hnh qun s, cc phng tin ch huy  phc v cho nhim v hc tp chin thut v ch huy chin u; tnh nng, tc dng, cu to, s dng, bo qun cc loi vi kh b binh AK, CKC, RP, RPK, B40, B41; c im tnh nng, k thut s dng thuc n; phing chng vi kh ht nhn, ha hc, sinh hc, vi kh la; vt thng chin tranh v phng php x l; luyn tp i hnh lp, khi. Ni dung gm: i ngi n v; s dng bn , a hnh qun s, mt s loi vi kh b binh; thuc n; phing chng vi kh hy dit ln; cp cu ban u cc vt thng. Hc phn ginh thi gian gii thiu 3 mn qun s phi hp  sinh vin tham gia hi thao in kinh, th thao quc phing. 4. Hc phn IV: Chin thut v K thut bn sng tiu lin AK Hc phn c 2 VHT l thuyt kt hp vi thc hnh nhm trang b cho sinh vin mt s k nng c bn thc hnh bn sng tiu lin AK v luyn tp bn sng AK bi 1b; hun luyn nhng ng tc c bn chin thut chin u b binh: cc t th vn ng trn chin trng, cch quan st pht hin mc tiu, li dng a hnh, a vt, hnh ng ca c nhn trong cng s, ngoi cng s trong chin u tin cng v phing ng. Ni dung gm: K thut bn sng tiu lin AK; tng ngi trong chin u tin cng; chin u phing ng. III. QUY CH MN HC GDQP-AN Vic t chc dy, hc v nh gi kt qu hc tp mn hc gio dc quc phing - an ninh, c ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 69/2007/Q-BGDT ngy 14/11/2007 ca B trng B Gio dc v o to. Gm nhng ni dung chnh sau: 1. i tng c min hc, min thi, min hc cc ni dung thc hnh v tm hon hc a. i tng c min hc: - Hc sinh, sinh vin c bng tt nghip s) quan qun i; - Hc sinh, sinh vin l ngi nc ngoi; - Hc sinh, sinh vin o to i hc vn bng 2  c chng ch gio dc quc phing - an ninh do c s gio dc i hc cp. b. i tng c min hc v min thi cc hc phn  hc: - Hc sinh, sinh vin chuyn trng hoc o to lin thng c min hc cc hc phn  hc nhng phi c phiu im nh gi kt qu hc tp cc hc phn tng ng; - Sinh vin i hc c bng tt nghip trnh  cao ng c min hc v min thi cc hc phn  hc. c. i tng c min hc cc ni dung thc hnh k nng qun s: - Hc sinh, sinh vin l tu s) thuc cc tn gio. - Hc sinh, sinh vin c thng tt, khuyt tt bm sinh, b bnh mn tnh lm hn ch chc nng vn ng c giy chng nhn ca bnh vin cp huyn v tng ng tr ln; - Hc sinh, sinh vin  hon thnh ngh)a v qun s c min hc ni dung thc hnh k nng qun s nhng phi d kim tra, thi  cc ni dung theo quy nh. d. i tng c tm hon hc: - Hc sinh, sinh vin Vit Nam ang hc tp  nc ngoi hoc ang hc tp ti cc trng ca nc ngoi, trng lin doanh, lin kt vi nc ngoi ti Vit Nam; - Hc sinh, sinh vin b m au, tai nn, thin tai, ha hon; - Hc sinh, sinh vin l ph n ang mang thai hoc c con nh di 24 thng. 2. iu kin thi, s ln thi kt thc hc phn - Sinh vin c  s ln kim tra cho mi hc phn; mi ln kim tra t t 5 im tr ln v c  80% thi gian c mt trn lp s c d thi kt thc hc phn ln th nht. Mi sinh vin phi d thi  cc hc phn quy nh trong chng trnh. - Hc phn c t 2 n 3 n v hc trnh kim tra t nht mt ln; hc phn c t 4 n v hc trnh tr ln kim tra t nht hai ln. Quy nh c th i vi trng HGTVT. + Mi hc phn c 1 bi kim tra v 1 bi thi (1 bi kim tra hc trnh v mt bi thi kt thc hc phn). + im kim tra hc trnh ly h s 0,3 v c bo lu kt qu ht k thi ph; im thi kt thc hc phn ly h s 0,7. + im nh gi hc phn l im trung bnh cng ca im kim tra v im thi kt thc hc phn ( nhn h s) - im nh gi cc hc phn phi t 5 im tr ln mi c xt cp chng ch GDQP-AN 3. iu kin cp chng ch gio dc quc phing - an ninh - Chng ch gio dc quc phing - an ninh cp cho sinh vin  xc nhn kt qu hc tp mn hc GDQP-AN. Sinh vin t im trung bnh mn hc t 5 im v khng b x l k lut t cnh co tr ln c cp chng ch gio dc quc phing - an ninh v c ghi kt qu xp loi trong chng ch. Chng ch gio dc quc phing - an ninh l mt trong nhng iu kin  xt tt nghip cao ng, i hc. - Khng cp chng ch cho sinh vin l i tng c min ton b chng trnh, sinh vin i hc  tt nghip trnh  cao ng ch hc b sung nhng hc phn cin thiu. BI 2: K THUT S DNG SNG TIU LIN AK ------------------------------- I. TC DNG, TNH NNG CHIN U a/ Tc dng Sng tiu lin AK trang b cho mt ngi s dng, dng ho lc, li l v bng sng  tiu dit sinh lc ch. b/ Tnh nng chin u - Sng bn c lin thanh v pht mt - Tn bn ghi trn thc ngm n 800m, AKM: 1000 m - Tm bn thng: + Mc tiu cao 0,5m: 350m + Mc tiu cao 1,5m: 525m - Tm bn hiu qu: 400 m, ha lc tp trung 800m, bn my bay bay thp v qun nhy d trong ving 500m. - Tc  bn chin u: + Bn lin thanh: 100 pht/pht + Bn pht mt: 40 pht/pht - S tc u n (v0 )AK = 710 m/s; (v0 )AKM = 715 m/s. - Sng dng chung n vi cc loi sng: RPD, CKC, RPK, K63, kiu n K43 do Lin X, hoc K56 do Trung Quc sn xut. - Hp tip n cha c 30 vin, l thng lp ri vi sng, c 2 loi l trin v bt - Sng AK nng: 3,8 kg, AKM: 3,1 kg 2. Cu to cc b phn ca sng. Sng AK gm 11 b phn chnh - Ning sng:  nh hng bay cho u n. Trong ning sng c 4 rnh xon ln t tri sang phi,  to m men quay gi hng cho u n khi bay. on cui ning sng rng hn v khng c rnh xon gi l bung n. Trn ning c l trch kh thuc. - B phn ngm:  ngm bn cc mc tiu  cc c ly khc nhau.Cu to gm c u ngm v thc ngm. + u ngm: u ngm hnh tr, c lp vo b di ng bng ren c  hiu chnh sng v tm. + Thc ngm: Trn thn thc ngm c cc vch  ghi s t 1- 8 (hoc t 1-10 i vi AKM) tng ng vi c ly bn t 100m  800 m (hoc 100m  1000 m) mt di c cc khuyt  cha then hm ca c thc ngm.(C thc ngm  ly thc ngm  tng c ly  chn). - Hp kho ning v np hp kho ning: Hp kho ning  lin kt cc b phn ca sng v hng cho b kho ning, kho ning chuyn ng, np hp kho ning y pha trn hp kho ning  bo v cc b phn chuyn ng bn trong hp kho ning. - B kho ning v thoi y:  lm cho kha ning chuyn ng - Kho ning:  y n vo bung n, ng ning sng lm n n, m ning sng ko v n ra khi bung n. - B phn ci:  gi ba  th ging, gii phng ba khi bp ci  ba p vo kim ho lm n n. - B phn y v:  lun y b kho ning v trc - ng dn thoi v p lt tay: ng dn thoi  dn thoi chuyn ng c l thot kh, p lt tay  gi sng v bo v tay khi nng khi bn. - Bng sng v tay cm:  t sng vo vai v gi sng khi bn. - Hp tip n:  cha n v tip n - L:  dit ch khi nh gip l c 3. S lc chuyn ng ca sng, n. - Khi bn lin thanh: t cn nh cch bn v kho an ton  v tr lin thanh, ln n, bp ci, ba p vo kim ho, kim ho chc vo ht la, lm n n. Thuc phng chy to p lc y u n ra khi ning sng. Khi u n va i qua l trch kh thuc, mt phn kh thuc c trch qua khu truyn kh thuc p vo mt thoi y lm b kho ning, kho ning li v sau ko theo v n, gp ly ht v n ht v n ra ngoi qua ca thot v n. Mu ging ba  ba ng v sau, li xo y v b p li. Khi b kho ning, kho ning li v sau ht mc, li xo y v gin ra y b kho ning, kho ning lao v pha trc, y vin n tip theo vo bung n. Ba p vo kim ho, kim ho chc vo ht la, lm n n, mi hot ng ca sng lp la nh ban u. Nu vn bp ci n n tip, ngng bp ci n khng n nhng vin n tip theo  vo bung n. Sng  t th sn sng bn tip. - Khi bn pht mt: t cn nh cch bn v kho an ton  nc bn pht mt, ln n, bp ci n ch n 1 vin, mun bn pht tip theo phi th tay ci ri li bp ci n mi n. 4. Cch dng sng. a/ Quy tc chung Khi bn sng tiu lin AK, ngi bn c th dng  cc t th ng, qu, nm bn. Ngi bn phi thnh tho cch dng sngv khng ngng quan st mc tiu  nhanh chng hon thnh nhim v bn. b/ Chun b bn Sau khi thc hin ng tc ng, qu, nm chun b bn ( ng tc quy nh trong iu lnh i ngi c sng). Tin hnh lp n vo sng: Tho hp tip n khng c n  sng ra trao cho ta tri kp gi vo m phi p lt tay. Ly hp tin n c n trong ti ng (bao xe) lp vo sng ln n, ng kho an ton. Mt lun quan st mc tiu sn sng ch lnh. c/ Bn - Ging sng: Trc khi ging sng phi ly thc ngm. Gt cn nh cch bn v kho an ton v v tr bn lin thanh hoc pht 1 (tu theo nhin v bn). Tay tri nm p lt tay di hoc hp tip n tu theo tay di hay ngn ca tng ngi. Tay phi nm tay cm, h khu tay t pha sau tay cm, ngn tr t vo vnh ci, cc ngn con cin li v ngn ci nm chc tay cm. Hai tay nng sng ln t  bng sng vo hm vai phi, gi v gh sng chc vo vai, sc gh ca tay phi u nhau v bn trong mi lot bn, hai cnh tay m t nhin. Khi ging sng, phi gi sao cho ngi v sng to thnh mt khi vng chc, t rung ng - Ngm: Khi ly ng ngm m p st v bng sng vi sc va phi  u ngm t b rung ng. Mt tri (hoc phi) nheo t nhin, mt phi (hoc tri) ngm qua khe ngm n u ngm, ly ng ngm c bn v dng ng ngm c bn vo im ngm  xc nh trc trn mc tiu, mt sng khng nghing. - Bp ci: Dng cui t th nht, u t th hai ca ngn tr tay phi ( hoc tri)  bp ci, mt trong ngn tay khng p st tay cm. Bp ci u thng v sau theo hng trc ning sng cho n khi n n. Khi ang bp ci nu ng ngm b sai lch th ngng bp ci, gi nguyn p lc trn tay ci, chng li ng ngm ri li tip tc bp ci. Khng bp ci vi vng lm sng rung ng mnh bn s khng t kt qu. Ch : Trong qu trnh bp ci ng thi phi iu chnh ng ngm ng, mun vy phi ngng th t nhin  ngi bt rung ng. d/ Thi bn - Thi bn tm thi (ngng bn) ang bn khi c lnh  ngng bn ngn tr tay phi ( hoc tri) th ci sng ra kho an ton hai tay gi sng nh khi chun b bn ch lnh. - Thi bn hon ton ang bn khi c lnh  thi bn ngn tr tay phi ( hoc tri) th ci sng ra hai tay h sng xung, tho hp tip n ra khi sng trao cho ta tri kp gi vo m phi p lt tay. Tay tri vn gi sng, mt sng hng ln trn. Dng ngn ci tay phi ko b kho ning t t v sau, ngn tr lt trn ca thot v n, 3 ngn con khp li chn ca lp hp tip n  hng vin n trong bung n ra. Lp vin n vo hp tip n va tho  sng ra ly hp tip n khng c n trong ti ng lp vo sng, ct hp tip n c n vo ti ng. II- MT S NI DUNG V L THUYT BN 1. Hnh dng ng n v ngh)a thc tin trong chin u a- Hnh dng ng n  - Khi nim: ng n l mt ng cong do trng tm ca u n vch ra khi bay trong khng gian. - c im: + ng n l mt ng cong khng cn i. + Gc phng nh hn gc ri. + nh ng n nm gn pha im ri, on ln di v cng hn on xung. + Tc  u ln hn tc  ri, tc   thi im trc ln hn tc   thi im sau. b- ngh)a thc tin ca ng n trong chin u Khi bn sng tiu lin AK, s dng ng n cng ( l loi ng n c to ln bi gc bn nh hn gc bn c tm bn xa nht 320  350) th phm vi nguy him ln t phi thay i gc bn, t sai st trong chn phn t bn v hiu qu bn cao. Tuy nhin ng n cng th phm vi st thng ch sau cc khi chn b hn ch do c khong che  v khong an ton ln. v vy trong chin u tu thuc vo iu kin c th ngi bn phi lun thay i gc bn, v tr bn, tn dng ng n cu vng ( l loi ng n c to ln bi gc bn ln hn gc bn c tm bn xa nht) v ng n lin hp (l cc ng n c gc bn khc nhau nhng tm bn nh nhau ) 2. Ngn bn a- Khi nim: Ngn bn l xc nh gc bn v hng bn cho sng  a qu o ca ng n i qua im nh bn trn mc tiu. b- nh ngh)a v ngm - ng ngm c bn: L ng ngm thng t mt ngi ngm qua chnh gia mp trn khe ngm n im chnh gia mp trn u ngm (Hnh 5)  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Hnh 5: ng ngm c bn Ni dung ly ng ngm c bn l: Dng mt ng thng t mt ngi ngm qua khe thc ngm n nh u ngm, sao cho nh u ngm  chnh gia v ngang bng vi 2 mp trn ca thnh khe ngm, vi iu kin mt sng khng b nghing. - im ngm ng: L im c xc nh trc sao cho khi ngm vo   bn th qu o ca ng n i qua im nh bn trn mc tiu - ng ngm ng: L ng ngm c bn c dng vo im ngm  xc nh vi mt sng phi thng bng ( Hnh 6 ) Vic ly ng ngm ng l mt qu trnh phi hp lin tc gia ly ng ngm cn bn v a ng ngm c bn vo im ngm ng trn mc tiu, phi c duy tr trong sut qu trnh bn.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  Hnh 6: ng ngm ng (Khi bn  c ly 100m. thc ngm 3) c- nh hng ca ngm sai n kt qu bn. - Mun bn trng mc tiu ngi bn phi thc hin tt 3 yu t + C thc ngm ng + im ngm ng + ng ngm ng - Nu thiu hoc thc hin sai lch 1 trong 3 yu t trn th kh nng bn trng mc tiu s thp, hoc khng trng mc tiu. S sai lch  c biu hin c th: + ng ngm c bn sai lch: L hin tng u ngm khng nm chnh gia khe ngm hoc khng ngang bng vi mp trn ca khe ngm . S sai lch  nh hng rt ln ti kt qu bn V d : Bn sng AK mc tiu bia 4 , c li 100 m u ngm lch sang phi (Khng nm chnh gia khe ngm ) 1m m th im chm trn mc tiu cing lch sang phi im nh bn trng l 264 mm * Nu im chnh gia u ngm cao (Thp) so vi im chnh gia mp trn ca khe ngm Th kt qu trn bia cao (thp) * Nu im chnh gia u ngm lch phi (tri ) so vi im chnh gia mp trn ca khe ngm th kt qu bn trn bia cing lch phi (Tri ) * Nu im chnh gia u ngm va cao va lch phi so vi im chnh gia mp trn ca khe ngm th kt qu bn s cao v lch phi. (v ngc li) - im ngm sai lch: Khi ng ngm c bn  chnh xc nu im ngm sai lch bao nhiu so vi im ngm ng th kt qu bn trn bia s sai lch tng ng by nhiu - Nu c ng ngm c bn ng, v im ngm ng nhng sng nghing v bn no th kt qu bn trn bia s thp v lch sang bn . III. TP BN MC TIU C NH BAN NGY 1. ngh)a, c im v yu cu a/ ngh)a: Bn mc tiu c nh ban ngy l bi bn c bn u tin nhm rn luyn cho sinh vin nhng ng tc c bn, k nng bn trng, chm vo mc tiu c nh ban ngy lm c s cho hun luyn v chin u sau ny. b/ c im: - Mc tiu c nh ban ngy c b tr trn a hnh bng phng d quan st v ngm bn - Ngi bn c chun b chu o, quan st trc mc tiu, Thi gian 5 pht tng i di. - Tuy nhin l bi bn u tin nn t nhiu nh hng v tm l. c/ Yu cu - Bnh t)nh t tin chun b chu o - Tch cc luyn tp thc hin ng ng tc yu l)nh bn c bn. - Bo m an ton v k lut trn bi tp. - Thi bn t kt qu kh gii 2. iu kin bi bn.( bi 1b) - Mc tiu: Bia s 4 c ving loang n c kch thc (0,42 x 0,42) m Kch thc ca khung bia l: (0,75 x0,75) m c cm c nh. - C ly bn: 100 m - T th bn: Nm bn c b t - S lng n: 3 vin ( bn pht 1) - Thi gian bn: 5 pht - nh gi kt qu: + Gii: 25 im tr ln + Kh: 20  24 im + t yu cu: 15  19 im - Cch chn thc ngm, im ngm: Cn c vo c ly bn,  cao ng n v im cn bn trng  ta chn thc ngm v im ngm cho ph hp. CU HI N 1/ Tnh nng chin u ca sng AK ? 2/ Khi nim: ng ngm c bn, im ngm ng, ng ngm ng ? S  BI BN 1B BN MC TIU C NH BAN NGY  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  BI 3 : NG DNG THUC N TRONG LM NG QUN S ------------------------------------- I. KHI NIM CHUNG. 1. Khi nim v thuc n. Thuc n l mt cht hoc mt hn hp ha ha hc, khi b tc ng nh nhit, c& th c phn ng n, sinh nhit cao, sinh kh ln to thnh p lc mnh ph hy cc vt th xung quanh. c tnh chung ca thuc n l: - Tc  truyn n rt nhanh: 2000 - 8000 m/s. - Ta ra nhiu nhit: 15000C  45000C, v hng nghn Kilcalo. - To ra nhiu kh: 1 Kg Thuc n sinh ra t 600 n 1000 lt kh. - Phn ng sinh ra la, ting n v sng xung kch vi p xut cao n 200.000 Kg/cm2. Uy lc ca thuc n pht trin ra xung quanh, lm ph v mi trng xung quanh, phm vi uy lc n c chia thnh: Phm vi p, phm vi ph hoi v phm vi chn ng. 2- Tc dng ca thuc n. - Thuc c sc ph hoi ln nn c th s dng  tiu dit sinh lc ch, ph hu phng tin chin u, cng s vt cn ca ch& - S dng thuc n  ph t, ph , lm cng s, khai thc g& II. THUC N V CC PHNG TIN GY N. 1. Mt s loi thuc n thng dng a- Thuc nhy n (thuc gy n ). C c tnh c bn l rt nhy n vi tc ng bn ngoi. Khi n d mt lng rt nh, nu trc tip tip xc vi cc loi thuc n khc, n s gy n thuc n khc; loi thuc ny d ht m, khi b m sc gy n km v n tc dng mnh vi Axt ( nht l A xt c ) to ra phn ng n. Thuc nhy n bao gm: - Phuymint thu ngn (st thu ngn): Hg(OCN)2 - Aztua ch: Pb (N3)2 b. Thuc n mnh. - Thuc n Pentrit C(CH2ONO2)4 - Thuc n Hxgen C3H6O6N6 c. Thuc n va. - Thuc n Tlit (TNT- Tri-ni-tr-T-lu- en). - Thuc n C4. d. Thuc n yu: Nitrat amn. 2. Phng tin gy n. a. Kp - Cng dng - Tnh nng: + Dng  gy n thuc n hoc dy n. + Kp rt nhy n nu b va p, c xt, vt nng  ln; khu chc vo mt ngng (thuc gy n), tng nhit  t ngt, tia la nh pht vo u lm kp n. - Cu to kp:   Nguyn l hot ng: Khi dy chy chm chy ht pht la vo mt ngng lm cho thuc chy bn trong chy gy n kp. " Kp in: Cu to phn di ging kp thng, ch khc phn trn c dy tc (nh dy bng n 2,5V), quanh dy tc c thuc chy, hai u dy tc ni vi 2 dy cung kp qua ming nha cch in.     gy n c kp in cn c mt s phng tin khc nh: ngun in ( pin, c quy hoc my gy n), dy dn in, m k  kim tra kp. Nguyn l hot ng: Khi c ding in chy qua, dy tc nng  lm chy thuc pht la, la pht vo mt ngng gy n kp. b. Dy chy chm - Cng dng - Tnh nng: + Dng  dn la vo kp, gy n kp. Bo m an ton cho ngi gy n, b mt khng pht ra nh sng, c khong thi gian v v tr n np, ra khi bn knh nguy him ca lng n. + Tc  chy trong khng kh trung bnh l 1 cm/s, nu chy di nc th nhanh hn. + D bt la, khi bt la chy mnh; d ht m, khi b m tc  chy thay i, chy ngt qung hoc khng chy - Cu to: V bc gm nhiu si dy cun, bn ngoi qut nha ng, bn trong v l lp giy, si tim v thuc en. ng knh ca dy: 4,5 mm ( 6 mm. Chiu di cun: 10 m ( 0,15 m. C loi v bng nha dng  di nc hoc ni c  m cao. - Nguyn l chy: Khi n xo pht la, u giy chy chm bt la v chy li thuc en vi tc  chy 1cm/s. Khi dy chy ht pht la vo kp, gy n kp. c. N xie - Cng dng - Tnh nng: Dng  pht la t dy chy chm hoc gy n trc tip kp thng. N xo pht na rt nhy nhng d ht m. - Cu to: C th lm bng giy, nha hoc lm bng ng   - Nguyn l pht la: Khi git dy git, dy kim loi xn c st vo thuc pht la, thuc pht la chy, t chy dy chy chm hoc trc tip gy n kp. d- Dy n - Cng dng- tnh nng: + Dy truyn n dng  truyn n cng mt lc nhiu lng n ngoi ra cin dng dy n  ph mt s mc tiu nh nh o h, ct cy, ph bi mn. + Va p, c xt an ton, n sng trng bn xuyn qua khng n. Tc  n: 6500 m/s. t chy tp trung trn 1 kg c th n. - Cu to: + V bng nha ni lng hoc vi cun cht, qut mt lp nha phing m, (thng v c mu ), trong cha thuc n mnh trn ln vi thuc gy n. + ng knh ca dy: 5,5 mm ( 6 mm, li dy c mu trng hoc hng nht. Chiu di mi cun: 50 m. Tm li:  gy n thuc n thng thng dng kp, nng lng ca kp sinh ra c tc dng kch thch gy n cho cc loi thuc n.  gy n kp thng c 5 cch - Dng nng lng c hc (va p ). - Dng nng lng nhit. - Dng nng lng in. - Dng ha nng. - Dng nng lng sng n. Trong lm ng qun s thng s dng hai cch: + Gy n thuc n bng kp n thng, thng dng nng lng nhit (dng dy chy chm, n xie) + Gy n thuc n bng kp in phi c ngun gy n, dy dn in v dng c kim tra (m k) III. NG DNG THUC N TRONG LM NG QUN S Trong cng tc m ng qun s, bin php thi cng hay c p dng l bin php kt hp nhn lc vi thuc n hoc bin php thi cng kt hp xe my vi thuc n. Song ng dng thuc n trong lm ng l mt vn  tng i ln. Trong gii hn ca bi:  Ch gii thiu vic thit k - Tnh ton lng n bn tung vi mt hng lng n lm nn ng o mt ct ch L 1. Tc dng v hn ch ca thuc n trong thi cng ng qun s. a. Tc dng ca thuc n. - Thuc n to ra mt tc  thi cng nhanh. - Gii quyt c mt khi lng o ln trong mt thi gian ngn p ng kp thi tnh hung khn trng trong chin u. - Gii quyt c nhng cng vic kh khn m ngi v my kh gii quyt kp thi. - Vn chuyn, cung cp kp thi c th s dng thi cng  nhng tuyn xa hu phng. - K thut s dng n gin, hun luyn cho b i khng cn thi gian ln. b. Hn ch ca thuc n. - Khi s dng Thuc n lm ng d b lb mt. - S dng khng tt d xy ra mt an ton cho ngi, kh ti phng tin. - Ni gn ch yu cu tuyt i b mt th khng th s dng thuc n c. - Ni gn kho tng, nh my& trong bn knh nguy him khng th s dng c thuc n. c. Cc phng php ph n: - N tung: L dng uy lc ca thuc n ht t i xa sau  sa cha cht t l thnh nn ng. Phng php ny tc  thi cng nhanh song tn nhiu thuc n, d b l. - N om: L dng uy lc ca thuc n  ph v kt cu ca t  sau  dng my hoc nhn lc chuyn i ni khc to thnh nn ng. Phng php ny thng dng  ni lm ti t  ly t p vo nn p, tit kim c thuc n nhng tc  thi cng chm. - N p: L lng n sau khi n t b p thnh l hng. L loi lng n  o l m bu, o cc cng trnh, p t cho nn ng, p t lm cc tng cng mng nh. 2. Cc tham s phu n. Khi cho n mt lng n chn trong lng t th phn ln nng lng n c thot ra ngoi lm tung t  b ph hoi v pha mt thong to thnh h phu gi l: Phu n.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  S  biu din cc tham s ca phu n. a. Khong chng  nh nht: h (m) L khong cch t tm lng n n mt thong. b. Bn knh ming phu: r (m) L khong cch t tm ming phu n mp h phu. c. Bn knh ph hoi: R (m) R = L khong cch t tm lng n n mp h phu. d. Ch s tc dng n: n n = L t s gia bn knh ming phu vi khong chng  nh nht. e. Chiu su trng thy: P (m) L khong cch ta nhn thy c sau khi n t y phu n ti mt thong. n v o m. c tnh : P = (.n.h = (.r ((: H s ph thuc vo tnh cht t ). g. C ly t bn tung xa nht: L (m) L c ly t bn tung xa nht. L khong cch xa nht m t  c th bn ti ni ( Khong cch vng xa nht ). c tnh : L = 140 . n .EMBED Equation.DSMT4 Nu gi Lat l khong cch an ton th: Lat > L. Nhng  tin tnh ton, ta c th ly: Lat = L. h. t p vnh khn ming phu: - Chiu cao t p vnh khn: t = 0,15.r (m) - Bn knh gii hn ca vnh khn: l =(5-7).R (m) 3. Cng thc tnh lng n: Cng thc tnh: C = K . M . h3 ( kg ) Trong  : + C l khi lng lng n tp trung ( kg ) + h l khong chng  nh nht ( nu lng n kch thc nh th h bng chiu su t thuc). + M: l h s ph thuc vo cht t v ch s tc dng n n. + K : l ch s tiu hao thuc n (Khi lng thuc n cho 1 m3 t  ). Cc h s M, K tra bng. 4. Thit k tnh ton lng n. a. V mt ct ngang on tuyn: * Cn c  v: - Hnh v bnh din tuyn, trc ngang, trc dc v thay i a hnh trn tng on tuyn. - Ti liu thit k ng ( B rng ng, vch ta luy ) * Cch v mt ct ngang on tuyn : - Ni c a hnh trc ngang phng (ni mt t t nhin c mi dc phng khng g gh). + K ng thng ngang X + K ng tim ng v xc nh chiu rng mt ng. + Ti A dng gc ( l gc dc mi t t nhin. + Ti B dng gc ( l gc dc mi ta luy theo thit k . S  v mt ct ngang tuyn ni mt t t nhin phng - Ni c a hnh trc ngang thay i: (Mi dc t nhin g gh ) + K ng phng ngang X. + K ng tim ng I. + Ti tim ng I da vo trc dc h ng vung gc t ng ngang X mt on chiu su o h. + Ti H k ng song song vi ng X v cch ng X mt on h l ng Y. Trn ng Y ly H lm tim ng xc nh chiu rng mt ng B (on AB ). Ti B dng dc vch ta luy (. + Da vo ti liu kho st xc nh c cc im C, D, E, F, C , D . Ni cc im  li ta c  dc mt t t nhin v ta c mt ct ngang ng phi v. Ch : - Theo bnh din tuyn dc bn no v v bn   d lin h. - Thng nht n v v dng t l v thch hp vi kh giy v.  S  v mt ct ngang tuyn ni mt t t nhin g ngh b. Thit k tnh ton lng n: *. Chn ch s tc dng: n  pht huy uy lc v hiu sut n ph tt nht ta phi cn c : + Yu cu - nhim v. + Phng php thi cng. + a hnh ( Dc ngang ), a cht. Khi lm mt ng o mt ct ch L thng chn: n = r /h vi n = B/2 Trong  B l b rng ca nn ng.  bn tung tt thng chn n = 2 n 3 ( Tra bng) *. Cch xc nh tm hng lng n:  bo m n nh nn ng v mi dc ta luy khng b nh hng do xung nn p ca lng n. Qua thc nghim ngi ta tnh c tm lng n phi t cch ta luy ng 1 khong l: S1 = A1.h ; cch nn ng mt on l: S2 = A1 . EMBED Equation.DSMT4 Trong : h: Khong chng  nh nht. A1: H s ph hoi ph thuc vo cht t  v ch s tc dng n n ( A1: Tra bng ). Bang he so A1 phu thuoc vao loai at a va ch so no n. Loai at aCh so tac dung no n0,751,001,251,501,75at set at cng a mem a va a cng0,40 0,36 0,28 0,23 0,210,47 0,41 0,32 0,27 0,240,55 0,48 0,37 0,31 0,280,63 0,55 0,43 0,36 0,320,71 0,63 0,50 0,41 0,37 S o xac inh pham vi pha hoai cua hang lng no au. T c s ly luan  tren th tam cua hang lng au nam  vi tr nao o phai thoa man ieu kien la: cach ta luy mot khoang la (S1), cach nen ng mo khoang la (S2) va cach mat at t nhien mot khoang la (h). Muon vay ta tien hanh lap ty so: EMBED Equation.3; The hien moi quan he gia ta luy va nen ng. EMBED Equation.3; The hien moi quan he gia mat at t nhien va nen ng. T cac moi quan he tren th tam no phai nam  vi tr nao o e luon bao am thoa man 2 ieu kien: Cach ta luy la 2 n vi, cach nen ng la 1 n vi. Cach mat at t nhien la 2 n vi, cach nen ng la A1 n vi. Bang phng phap hnh hoc ta tien hanh xac inh tam cua hang lng no au nh sau: Dng mot ng thang song song vi ta luy, cach ta luy la 2 n vi, dng mot ng thang song song vi nen ng cach nen ng la 1 n vi. Hai ng thang nay cat nhau tai iem M, noi M vi B va keo dai. Nh vay tam cua hang lng no au nam tren ng MB, v moi iem nam tren ng MB eu thoa man vi ieu kien la cach ta luy 2 n vi va cach nen ng 1 n vi. Dng mot ng thang song song vi mat at t nhien, cach mat at t nhien la 2 n vi. Dng mot ng thang song song vi nen ng, cach nen ng la A1 n vi. Hai ng nay gap nhau tai M , noi M vi A va keo dai, cat BH tai iem O. Nh vay tam cua hang lng no au cung phai nam tren ng AO, v moi iem nam tren ng AO eu luon thoa man vi ieu kien la cach mat at t nhien 2 n vi va cach nen ng la A1 n vi. Ket hp 2 ieu kien tren lai ta i en ket luan O chnh la tam cua hang lng no, v O va nam tren ng BH, va nam tren ng AO.           .0, . 4 h j ~   $ j p . 0 X b h >Ƹ⪪yjjh!^Uh!^UB*CJaJphh!^Uh!^UCJ\aJh!^Uh!^UCJaJh!^Uh!^U5CJaJh!^Uh!^U5CJ\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ&\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ"\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ$\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ\aJh!^Uh!^U5>*CJ\aJ)0. j ({xgd!^U $1x`1a$gd!^U $`a$gd!^U$vxx`va$gd!^U$1xx`1a$gd!^U $1`1a$gd!^U $@x`@a$gd!^U $vx`va$gd!^U $`a$gd!^U $xa$gd!^Ugd!^U*FHhj"&(NLZhlnt~<~~46LNXvhX028TXprPh!^Uh!^UCJaJmH*sH*h!^Uh!^UCJaJh!^Uh!^U5CJaJh!^Uh!^UCJ\aJh!^Uh!^U6CJ\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ\aJFn62r#$>(x(@**$+++-|-./*001 $xxa$gd!^U$a$gd!^U $^a$gd!^U $`a$gd!^U $@x`@a$gd!^Ugd!^UPX X!"X######$$$N%&N'<(>(B(D(v(x((*)4)N)))**&*2*>*@***"+$+,+++++,--,-z-|-...,////(0*0001$1*1112$3.303p3ϲh!^Uh!^U56CJ\aJh!^Uh!^U56CJaJh!^Uh!^UCJ\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJ\aJh!^Uh!^U5CJaJh!^Uh!^UCJaJF103r34:5586,8>99j:d;H<=t=@AAAAA$xx@&`a$gd!^U $@&`a$gd!^U$1xx`1a$gd!^U$a$gd!^U $xxa$gd!^U 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Khoang chong  nho nhat (h). T O dng ng vuong goc vi mat at t nhien, cat mat at t nhien tai iem H, OH chnh la khoang chong  nho nhat (OH = h). o h tren ban ve va oi theo ty le ban ve, ta c khoang chong  nho nhat h  ngoai thc ia.    S  xc nh khong chng  nh nht Tnh khoi lng thuoc no cua mot lng no C = K . M . h3 (kg) - Khi lng thuc n trong hng mt on tuyn: ( C = m . K . M . h3 ( kg ) Trong  : m: l s lng n trong hng cho mt on tuyn. m =EMBED Equation.DSMT4 Lng n m l s nguyn, do vy quy c m c lm trn theo phng php lm trn s. Lt: l chiu di on tuyn cn lm ng o (m ) a : l khong cch gia cc lng n a = 0,7. h .EMBED Equation.DSMT4 - Bn knh ming phu r Do c im ca a hnh c  dc ngang nn r ch ph thuc vo ch s tc dng n n v  dc ca mt t t nhin. + Bn knh ming phu pha di v hai bn: rd = n . h + Bn knh ming phu pha trn : rt = rd . EMBED Equation.DSMT4 Trong  : n : Ch s tc dng n. h : Khong chng  nh nht. ( : H s st l ph thuc vo t  v  dc ngang nn t  t nhin. (Tra bng)  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  S  xc nh bn knh ming phu Bang he so (. o doc ngang tuyen (()Loai atat mem va vaat cng( = 200 ( 300 ( = 300 ( 500 ( = 500 ( 600 2 ( 3 4 ( 6 6 ( 71,5 ( 2 2 ( 3 3 ( 4- Chiu su trng thy p : Bng kinh nghim thc t ta tnh ton chiu su trong thy : p = (. rd ( m ) Trong : rd : Bn knh ming phu di. - K1: H s ph hoi ph thuc vo t . ( Tra bng ) Cch v: + Trn bn knh ph hoi Rt ly mt on OE = EMBED Equation.DSMT4 rd + Trn bn knh ph hoi Rt ly mt on OF = EMBED Equation.DSMT4rt + Ly J trung im ca EF . H ng vung gc t J xung mt thong ti K. Trn JK ly on t K bng p va tnh c c D. Ni D vi cc mp phu ta c chiu su trng thy ca phu n trn hnh v.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  S  xc nh chiu su trng thy (p) 5. Phng php gy n. a. Gy n bng dy n: -  m bo chc chn n, dy n trc phi b tr ng i v ng v. - u dy nhnh vo dy trc phi u bng nt chn quang. - Gy n ng dy n thng dng ng gy n thng  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  S  b tr gy n bng dy n - Cch tnh phng tin gy n: + Dy n trc: L1 = ( L + L . x% ).2 ( m ) Trong : L1: Chiu di dy n trc. ( m ) L : Chiu di b tr lng n ( m ) x% :  trng dy n khi ri dy. + Dy n nhnh: L2 = [ ( h + 0,2) + ( h + 0,2). x% ] . m ( m ). Trong : h: Chiu su chn thuc n. m: S lng lng n. 0,2: Chiu di mi ni. + Dy chy chm: L3 = ( Lat . v)/V ( cm ). Trong : L3: Chiu di dy chy chm Lat: Khong cch an ton gy n ( m ) Lat = 140. n.EMBED Equation.DSMT4 V : Vn tc ngi chy (m/s). v : Tc  chy ca dy chy chm ( cm/s ). + Kp thng s 8: S lng l ( m + 1 ) ci; Vi m l s lng lng n. + N xe : 1 ci. b. Gy n bng in. - u ni tip: + S  u:  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  + Tnh phng tin gy n: * Dy in trc: L1 = [( Lat + L ) + ( Lat + L ) . x% ] . 2 ( m ) Trong : Lat: L khong cch an ton gy n ( m ) L : L chiu di on ng o cn lm chnh bng Lt. x% : L  trng ca dy in khi ri. * Dy in nhnh: Ch tnh khi chiu su chn thuc ( 2 mt. L2 = ( h + h . x% ) . 2 .m Trong : h: Chiu su chn thuc. m: S lng lng n. * S kp in: Bng s lng lng n v bng m. + Tnh thng s mch in: Itt = i Rtt = r1 + r2 + m . R3 Utt = Itt . Rtt Trong  : r1 = L1 . rdy r2 = L2 . rdy r3 = rkp + 0,5( rdy : in tr ca dy in ( (/m ). Itt : Cng  dng in cn thit gy n cho mch. Rtt : Tng in tr mch ngoi. Utt : Hiu in th cn thit gy n cho ton mch. + Chn ngun gy n: Chn ngun gy n sao cho: Ing ( Itt Ung ( Utt Rkhc phc ( Rtt S kp ( m C th dng my gy n c sn hoc u gp cc loi pin, c quy  to ra ngun hp l. - u song song: + S  u:  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  + Thng s mch in:  I = n . i R = r1 + U = R . I = R . n . i 6. Cch to l v nhi ln thuc a. Cch to l: Thng dng ngi hoc c th kt hp vi thuc n. + To l c chiu rng = chiu rng lng n + 0,1m. + Chiu su h = h + 1/2 chiu cao lng n. b. Cch t lng n: + Dng dy mm buc vo lng n v rng lng n xung h. ( Khng cm vo dy chy chm hoc dy in  rng xung) + p st dy n, dy in vo thnh h o. c. Cch nhi ln: + u tin cho 1 lp t dy 5 - 10 cm xung h m nh. + Cho tip lp t mm 50 cm ln cht. + Dng que g, tre  ln t (Khng dng que nhn hoc kim loi  ln) +  tip t ln v ln cht cho n khi bng mt t t nhin.  SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT  7. Mt s im ch v cng tc an ton. a. Khi gy n bng dy n: - Dy n trc phi c ng vng kn  bo m chc chn n. - Ri dy n khng c un khc  ln nhau. - Lun  phng trng hp dy ang n chuyn sang chy v ngc li. - Dy nhnh u vo dy trc bng nt chn quang. b. Khi gy n bng in: - Trc khi gy n bng in phi kim tra k dy in, kp in, ngun in. - Ngun in, kp in phi  cch xa nhau. Ngun phi c ngi trng gi. - Tay quay ca my gy n khi cha dung khng cm vo my gy n. - Khi mi ngi  v ni an ton v c lnh mi c u dy gc vo ngun in. - B tr dy cch xa ng dy cao th, trm bin th ( ( 200m ). - Khi c ma, sm st phi cch m v tho dy nhnh ra khi dy gc c. C ly n np: - C ly n np phi nm ngoi khong cch an ton Lat > L = 140 .n. - Nu n np di chiu gi c ly n np phi tng ln t 20% - 30% so vi tnh ton. d. Kim tra lng n: - Sau khi n 15 pht mi c n kim tra  phng khi c v lng n chm n. - Khi kim tra lng n khng n ch dng mt ngi. e. Canh gc, cnh gii: + Phi t chc cach gc cht ch, c k tn m hiu, hip ng c th. + Mi ngi tuyt i tun theo mnh lnh ca ngi ch huy. BI 4: CHIN THUT B BINH Chin thut b binh: Theo " T in bch khoa Qun s Vit Nam"  l Thut chin u ca lc lng b binh. Gm c phn l lun v thc tin v chun b v thc hnh Trn chin u ca phn i, binh i, binh on, l mt b phn hp thnh ca ngh thut qun s Vit Nam. - L lun chin thut: Nghin cu tnh cht, quy lut v ni dung trn chin u; chc nng, nhim v v kh nng chin u ca phn i, binh i, binh on  ra nguyn tc, phng php chun b v thc hnh trn chin u. - Thc tin chin thut: Bao gm mi hot ng ca ngi ch huy, c quan v b i  chun b v thc hnh Trn chin u. Phn 1: TNG NGI TRONG CHIN U TIN CNG I - C IM PHNG NG CA CH Khi ch phing ng thng xy ra 1 trong 2 trng hp sau: ch phing ng vng chc hoc ch phing ng tm thi. Trng hp ch phing ng vng chc: Sau khi ch chim c trn a ca ta, chng li dng cng s trn a c sn ci to ri ch ng chuyn vo phing ng trong iu kin thun li. Do  h thng cng s trn a ca ch lc ny c ci to xy dng tng i kin c vng chc. C  sng, l ct, hm tr n v h thng chin ho, giao thng ho c b tr ho lc, ho kh, kt hp vi vt cn cht ch lin hon; t chc cnh gii tun tra xung quanh trn a phing ng cht ch, thng xuyn quan st pht hin i phng. Trng hp ch phing ng tm thi: Lc lng ca ch b ta chn nh bt ng, qun s, vi kh trang b tn tht ln, ch khng th tin cng c, buc chng phi co cm li  cng c lc lng, ch lc lng pha sau chi vin, ri mi tip tc t chc tn cng nhng t tip theo nn ch b ng chuyn sang phing ng tm thi. II - NHIM V - YU CU CHIN THUT 1. Nhim v : Trong chin u tin cng ngi chin s) c th chin u c lp hoc nm trong i hnh chin u ca t hoc tiu i, nhn nhim v nh chim mt s mc tiu: - nh ch trong  sng, l ct; - nh tn ch, tp ch, trong chin ho, giao thng ho ; - nh xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch trong cng s hay ang vn ng; - nh tn ch tp ch ngoi cng s. 2. Yu cu chin thut : - B mt, bt ng, tinh khn mu mo. - Ding cm, linh hot, kp thi. - Bit pht hin v li dng s h, im yu ca ch, tip cn n gn tiu dit ch. - c lp chin u, ch ng hip ng, lin tc chin u. - Pht huy hiu qu cc loi vi kh sn c  tiu dit ch, tit kim n dc. - nh ng mc tiu, nh nhanh lng sc k, va nh va lm cng tc ch vn. III. HNH NG CA TNG NGI SAU KHI NHN NHIM V 1. Hiu r nhim v : - Khi nhn nhim v ngi chin s) phi nghe r v nhn y , chnh xc, nu cha r phi hi li  ngi ch huy b sung cho y . - Ni dung hiu r nhim v : + Mc tiu phi nh chim ( Loi mc tiu g, v tr, tnh cht mc tiu, nhng mc tiu c lin quan.v.v..) + Nhim v c th (Hip ng vi ai, nh chim mc tiu no, n u, sau khi nh xong mc tiu phi lm g...) + K hiu, m hiu, cch lin lc, hip ng, cch bo co cp trn. + ng i c lin quan cng tham gia chin u (bn phi, bn tri c ai). 2. Lm cng tc chun b bo co. - Cng vic chun b chin u ca tng ngi phi c chun b thng xuyn, nhng trc khi bc vo chin u ngi chin s) phi cn c vo nh ca ngi ch huy, cn c vo nhim v ca tng trn nh,  tin hnh lm cng tc chun b chin u cho ph hp, st vi tng trn nh. - Ni dung cng tc chun b: Xc nh t tng, ch quyt tm chin u kim tra li vi kh trang b nh: Sng, n, lu n, lng thc, thc phm, nc ung, bng bng, thuc n, kh ti phing ha, xng, cuc. - Sau khi hon thnh cng tc chun b xong phi khn trng bo co cp trn. IV. THC HNH NH CHIM MC TIU 1. Vn ng n gn ch: a. Trc khi vn ng: Ngi chin s) phi lun quan st ch, a hnh, ng, hng vn ng, phng php v thi c tin hnh cho thch hp. Phi d kin v tr tm dng, cch nghi binh nh la ch n gn mc tiu ng thi gian quy nh ca cp trn. b. Khi vn ng: Phi lun quan st nghe ngng tnh hnh ch, trit  li dng a hnh, a vt, vt che , che khut, m ti, sng m, nh sng  vn dng cc t th, ng tc cho ph hp, n ng mc tiu theo quy nh ca cp trn. Phi lun quan st mc tiu, gi ng ng, hng tin. Khi vn ng phi bit nghi binh thu ht, nh la ch, n gn mc tiu, khi n gn mc tiu nhanh chng chun b sng n, lu n, thuc n, th pho sn sng chin u. Nhanh chng o cng s nu thy cn thit. 2. Cch nh tng loi mc tiu: a. nh ch trong  sng, l ct: * c im mc tiu: -  sng c np, hoc khng c np thng lm bng g t, hoc b tng ct thp lp ghp, cu trc theo kiu na chm na ni c l bn ra cc hng, ca ra vo quay vo pha trong. - L ct l mc tiu c xy dng kin c bng b tng ct thp, gch , c nhiu ngn, cu trc theo kiu ngi gic, lc gic hoc bt gic, cc hng u b tr l bn, ca ra vo ni vi on ho c np hoc khng c np  c ng v pha sau. - Khi cha b tin cng ch thng li dng  sng, l ct kt hp vi cc phng tin khc  quan st pht hin i phng; khi b tin cng chng da vo  sng, l ct dng ho lc ngn chn t xa. * Cch nh: Trc khi nh ch trong  sng, l ct phi lun quan st ch, a hnh, xc nh r loi mc tiu  sng hay l ct, tm ni s h, im yu ca ch, nh gc t gic, li ra vo, ng tip cn kn o bn sn, pha sau  sng, l ct ca ch... Ngoi ra cin cn c vo vi kh trang b hin c  xc nh cch nh cho thch hp. - Trng hp nh ch trong  sng khng c np : Phi hip ng cht ch vi ng i, li dng a hnh a vt, b mt vn ng n bn sn pha sau  sng ca ch, n c ly thch hp bt ng nm lu n, th pho vo bn trong  sng. Li dng lc khi n mt m nhanh chng xng ln bn gm, bn gn, m l tiu dit nhng tn ch cin sng st. - Trng hp nh ch trong  sng c np v l ct: Li dng gc t gic, tip cn n bn sn pha sau  sng l ct lng lu n, th pho vo l bn hay ca ra vo  tiu dit ch bn trong  sng, l ct. Trng hp nu  sng l ct c hng do dy thp gai bo v th dng lng n di  ph hoc b mt dng ko  ct. Nu l bn c li chn phi buc lu n hoc thuc n  ph. Khi lu n n nhanh chng xng ln bn gm, bn gn, m l tiu dit nhng tn ch cin sng st bn trong  sng l ct ca ch. Nu ca ng kn th t thuc n vo ni mng yu  ph hu. - Trng hp a hnh trng tri, ch kim sot cht ch: Phi li dng a hnh a vt, kho lo dng ha lc kim ch, thu ht, nghi binh buc ch phi ch v hng ha lc. Ri b mt tip cn n bn sn pha sau tiu dit mc tiu. Nu c trang b sng chng tng ( Sng B40, B41), vn ng n c ly thch hp bt ng bn ph hu  sng, l ct ca ch sau  nhanh chng xng ln lc sot tiu dit nhng tn ch cin sng st. b. nh ch trong chin ho hoc giao thng ho: * c im mc tiu: - Cc on chin ho v giao thng ho c cu trc theo kiu gp khc c chiu di t 5 - 7 m to thnh cc ngch ho, ng ba ho. Ho o su c np lt bng b tng, g, t, hoc khng c np;  thnh ho pha trc thng cu trc cc v tr bn; dc theo ho ch c th b tr cc vt cn ( mn  n, vng n... )  ngn chn i phng c ng trong ho. - Khi cha b tin cng ch li dng ng ho  c ng. Khi b tin cng ch li dng ho s dng ho lc t cc cng s bn. Khi c nguy c b tiu dit ch li dng ho  rt chy. * Cch nh: Trc khi nh ch trong chin ho hoc giao thng ho phi quan st a hnh, a vt xung quanh, ch trn chin ho, giao thng ho  xc nh cch nh cho thch hp. Phi bit trit  li dng cc on ngot ca ho, Thc hin nh chc, tin chc, lng sc k, chia ct ch ra tng on  tiu dit. - Trng hp ho khng c np : Trit  li dng a hnh, a vt, kt hp ha lc ca ng i, kim ch thu ht ri b mt vn ng n gn ho, xem xt nghe ngng. Nu c ch di ho th dng lu n, th pho, kt hp bn gm, bn gn tiu dit ch ri mi c nhy xung ho. Khi ch nm lu n xung ho, hay bn thng di ho th phi nhanh chng li dng on ngot ca ho  n np, trnh n. Khi gp ng ba ng t ho phi dng mu mo, nghi binh la ch  tiu dit ch ri mi vt qua. Nu khng tip tc vn ng c  di ho th nhy ln khi ho, trc khi ln, phi quan st a hnh, a vt xung quanh, bn sn, pha sau hay phi dng ha lc kim ch, phi hp cng vi ng i  tiu dit ch. Nu gp chng, mn, cm by, c m, c u, ca sp phi nghe ngng, nu c iu kin th phi ph hy hoc ct g hay nh du ving trnh vt qua. Nu phi nh lt: Th nhanh chng nm lu n xung ho  tiu dit ch di ho ri nhanh chng vt qua. - Trng hp ho c np: Nu gp ho c np tng on: Li dng s s ca np ho, dng lu n, th pho, lng, nm vo bn trong. Khi lu n th pho n nhanh chng nhy xung ho lng sc tiu dit nhng tn ch cin sng st. Trng hp ho c np ko di: C th dng thuc n t vo ni mng yu ca np  ph sp tng on. Sau  lng lu n th pho vo bn trong, kt hp bn gm, bn gn tiu dit nhng tn ch cin sng st  bn trong. c. Cch nh xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch: * c im mc tiu: Xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch c th b tr trong cng s hoc c ng trin khai ngoi cng s; nu b tr trong cng s c th c li chn n B40, B41, bn cnh xe c cc  chin u bo v. Xe tng, xe bc thp khi c ng c th c b binh ngi trn xe hoc c ng hai bn sn, pha sau xe. c im chung ca xe tng, xe bc thp l c v thp dy, ho lc mnh, sc c ng cao nhng tm quan st b hn ch d b tiu dit khi ta tip cn gn. * Cch nh: Trc khi nh xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch phi quan st a hnh, ng hng vn ng ca xe tng lc lng ch trn xe v sau xe, ni s h im yu ca ch. Ngoi ra cin phi cn c vo vi kh trang b hin c  xc nh cch nh cho thch hp. - Trng hp nh xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch nm ti ch hoc nm trong cng s: Phi trit  li dng a hnh, a vt, ni s h im yu ca ch, b mt vn ng n gn mc tiu t nhin n sng tiu dit b binh trn xe hoc xung quang xe, sau  nhanh chng xung phong dng thuc n, mn chng tng  ph hu xe ca ch. - Trng hp nh xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch ang vn ng: Phi trit  li dng a hnh, a vt, b mt vn ng dng sng chng tng ( B40, B41 hoc ) n hng xe tng ch c th vn ng qua, hoc bt buc phi vn ng qua nm trong tm bn hiu qu ca sng chng tng ch sn  tiu dit xe tng ca ch. Yu cu khi chn v tr t sng chng tng: Phi t  ni xe tng ch ang ln dc hoc vt qua vt cn hay chuyn hng vn ng. Ch xe tng ch n c ly thch hp, bt ng n sng tiu dit xe tng ch. Nu c b binh trn xe v sau xe: th phi dng ha lc tiu dit b binh trc, ri mi nhanh chng li dng a hnh, a vt, vn ng dng sng chng tng n c ly thch hp n sng tiu dit xe tng ch. Trng hp khng c sng chng tng: C th vn ng n hng xe tng bt buc phi vn ng qua dng thuc n, mn chng tng b tr sn,  ph hu xe tng ch. d. nh tn ch, tp ch ngoi cng s: * c im mc tiu: Tn ch, tp ch c th ang c ng hoc  trin khai i hnh chin u chun b tin cng. Khi cha b tin cng ch lun quan st, pht hin ta trn cc hng. Khi b ta tin cng chng li dng a hnh, a vt kt hp ho lc ca b binh v ho lc ca xe tng chng tr quyt lit. Khi c nguy c b tiu dit chng tng bc c ng v pha sau, di s chi vin ca ho lc ch lc lng n ng cu gii to. * Cch nh: Trc khi nh, ngi chin s phi quan st, pht hin v tr, hng hot ng v tnh cht ca mc tiu, a hnh, a vt xung quanh, d kin cc tnh hung c th xy ra,  xc nh cch nh cho thch hp. - Trng hp a hnh kn o : B mt vn ng n bn sn pha sau mc tiu, bt ng dng lu n kt hp bn gm, bn gn tiu dit ch. - Trng hp a hnh trng tri, ch kim sot cht ch : Phi kho nghi binh la ch, thu ht ch phi ch v mt hng, ri b mt ving sang hng khc nh bn sn hoc pha sau mc tiu bt ng n sng tiu dit ch. Trong qu trnh vn ng tin cng tn ch, tp ch ngoi cng s, ch hip ng cht ch vi ng i v lun quan st ch,  phing mc tiu di ng. e. nh 2, 3 mc tiu xut hin cng mt lc: Khi gp 2, 3 mc tiu xut hin cng mt lc chin s phi xc nh r mc tiu no quan trng, nguy hi  tiu dit trc, ri sau  mi tiu dit nhng mc tiu cin li. Thc hin nguyn tc nh chc, tin chc, lng sc k, hoc c th dng lu n nh lt qua sau  mi quay li lng sc tiu dit nhng mc tiu cin li. Trong qu trnh nh ch phi kho nghi binh thu ht la ch, m bo khi nh mc tiu ny khng b ha lc ca mc tiu khc cn tr, st thng. Trong qu trnh chin u phi hip ng cht ch vi ng i  cng tham gia chin u. V- HNH NG CA TNG NGI SAU KHI CHIM C MC TIU - Sau khi chim c mc tiu ngi chin s c th c giao nhim v cht gi mc tiu, pht trin chin u hoc ri khi ni chin u... - Thng sau khi nh chim c mc tiu ngi chin s) phi nhanh chng chim a hnh c li phing trnh ha lc ch st thng, ng thi kim tra vi kh trang b, gii quyt thng binh, t s) (nu c), sa sang li cng s trn a nu thy cn thit, tng hp tnh hnh bo co cp trn... - Sn sng bn my bay, bay thp, tiu dit xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch phn kch, thu chin l phm, bt t binh theo lnh cp trn. Sn sng nhn nhim v tip theo. Phn 2: TNG NGI TRONG CHIN U PHNG NG I. C IM TIN CNG CA CH 1. Trc khi tin cng. - ch thng s dng cc lc lng, phng tin trinh st t trn khng, mt t  pht hin ta. - ch s dng ho lc t my bay, pho binh nh ph mnh lit vo trn a phing ng ca ta nhm tiu hao, tiu dit lc lng, ph hy cng s trn a, ng thi b binh, xe tng, xe bc thp ca ch trin khai tin cng. 2. Khi tin cng. - Ho lc thc hin chuyn bn v pha sau, b binh, xe tng , xe bc thp ch thc hnh xung phong vo trn a phong ng ca ta. - Khi chim c mt phn trn a, ch li dng a hnh a vt, cng s gi chc phm vi  chim ng thi tip tc pht trin vo chiu su trn a phing ng ca ta. 3. Sau mi ln tin cng b tht bi. ch thng lui v pha sau cng c li lc lng, dng ho lc nh ph vo trn a ca ta, sau  tin cng tip. II. NHIM V - YU CU CHIN THUT 1. Nhim v: Trong chin u phing ng ngi chin s cng vi t, tiu i nhn mt s nhim v c bn sau: - Da vo cng s trn a vng chc, h thng ha lc cht ch tch cc tiu dit v nh bi ch tin cng  pha trc, bn sn pha sau trn a phing ng. - C th cng vi t v tiu i nh ch t nhp trn a - Lm nhim v nh ch t xa ( nh ch ving ngoi ) - Lm nhim v tun tra canh gc trong khu vc trn a phing ng ca ta 2. Yu cu chin thut : - C quyt tm chin u cao - Xy dng cng s chin u vng chc, b tr vt cn him hc, ngy trang b mt kn o. - Thit b bn phi ph hp, pht huy ha lc chnh xc trn cc hng. - Kin quyt gi vng trn a. - Hip ng chin u cht ch vi ng i, to thnh th lin hon nh ch. - Chin u phi kin cng ding cm, mu tr sng to, ch ng nh ch gi vng trn a. - Chun b mi mt chu o  m bo nh ch lin tc v di ngy. III. HNH NG CA TNG NGI SAU KHI NHN NHIM V. 1. Hiu r nhim v: Ngi chin s thng nhn nhim v ngay ngoi thc a. Khi nhn nhim v phi nghe r v nhn chnh xc. Nu cha r phi  ngh nhc li,  cp trn b sung cho y . Ni dung hiu r nhim v gm : - Phng hng, vt chun, c im a hnh ni b tr xy dng cng s trn a phing ng. - Lc lng ch  u, c th tin cng t hng no n, m mu th on ca ch khi tin cng vo trn a phing ng ca ta, i bng phng tin g, thi gian no... - Nhim v chin u: + Phi nm chc mc ch, v tr phi gi, phm vi quan st tiu dit ch; tnh cht v yu cu nhim v c giao. + Th on, cch nh c th vn dng khi ch tin cng. + Mc  xy dng cng s trn a, ngy trang, vt cht cn phi chun b, thi gian hon thnh v sn sng chin u. - ng i c lin quan cng tham gia chin u ( v tr bn phi, bn tri l ai, phm vi quan st tiu dit ch  u...) cch lin lc, bo co vi cp trn ( k, tn, m hiu hip ng, v.v...) 2. Chun b chin u: Chun b chin u l giai on rt quan trng, l c s cho vic hon thnh nhim v. Chun b chin u phi chu o, y  mi bo m nh ch di ngy hiu qu cao. a. Chun b v tr b tr v xc nh cch nh ch. - Chun b v tr b tr: Khi chun b v tr b tr chin u phi cn c vo nhim v ca bn thn, nh ca ngi ch huy, tnh hnh ch, a hnh, thi tit, vi kh trang b, bn c lin quan&  xc nh v tr b tr chin u cho thch hp. V tr b tr ca tng ngi nn chn  ni: + a hnh kn o him hc, bt ng (Thun li cho ta, kh khn cho ch ).. + Tin quan st pht hin ch t xa, trong mi iu kin thi tit. + Tin c ng lc lng, pht huy binh ha lc trn tt c cc hng. + Tin ci to a hnh xy dng cng s vng chc, bo m nh ch lin tc, di ngy. - Xc nh cch nh: Cng s trn a phing ng phi nh c ch trn tt c cc hng. Nhng trn cc hng phi m bo nh c ch trong cc trng hp sau : + nh c ch khi ch tin cng vo trn a phing ng ca ta. + nh c ch khi ch chim c mt phn trn a phing ng ca ta. + Xut kch nh ch trc trn a phing ng. Trong cc trng hp trn phi xc nh c: V tr quan st, v tr n np ng c ng, v tr chin u, thi c nh ch, cch s dng binh ha lc kt hp vi vt cn,v.v... b. B tr vi kh, lm cng s v vt cn : Khi  xc nh c v tr trn a, yu cu phi khn trng xy dng cng s chin u, b tr vi kh  sn sng tiu dit ch, xy dng bi vt cn. Lp t thit b bn ban m, xc nh khu vc tp trung dit ch, kt hp vi vt cn... - Vi kh bn thng: B tr  nhiu v tr pht huy ht uy lc, nhng ni him hc bt ng, tin c ng nh ch - Vi kh chng tng ( Sng B40, B41, n AT ) b tr d kin ni xe tng ch c th i qua n uy hip trn a phing ng ca ta. - Lu n th pho ch s dng trong tm nm hiu qu (20 - 30 m). - Cng s v ng c ng: Cng s chin u phi c cng s chnh, ph c  thit b bn ban ngy, ban m, xy dng cng s chin u trc, cng s n np sau, ni lin cc cng s chin u, hm n np b tr cc on ho chin u ho giao thng v ngu trang kn o. - Bi vt cn phi tp trung trn hng phing ng ch yu, khu vc tp trung dit ch, kt hp chng, mn, cm by xen k vi nhau. b. Chun b vt cht bo m cho chin u: - Bo m vt cht l mt trong nhng yu t ht sc quan trng trong chin u phing ng . V vy tng chin s phi ch ng chun b y  s lng v cht lng vt cht theo yu cu nhim v chin u bo m chin u lin tc, di ngy. - Ni dung cng tc chun b: Xy dng ch quyt tm chin u cao, kim tra vi kh trang b nh : Sng, n, lu n, lng thc, thc phm, nc ung, bng bng, thuc n, kh ti phing ha, cc dng c, vt liu xy dng cng s trn a v.v... IV. HNH NG CA TNG NGI KHI THC HNH CHIN U. 1. Hnh ng ca tng ngi khi ch chun b tin cng. - Trc khi tin cng, ch thng dng my bay, bit kch thm bo,  tin hnh trinh st pht hin trn a phing ng ca ta. Do vy mi hnh ng ca ngi chin s) phi ht sc gi b mt, chp hnh nghim nhng ni quy, quy nh ca ngi ch huy, ng thi lun sn sng chin u. - Khi ch dng ho lc ca my bay, pho binh bn ph vo trn a ca ta, phi trit  li dng a hnh, a vt, cng s trn a  n np, bo ton lc lng ng thi sn sng ra v tr chin u c ngay. - Nu ch s dng vi kh ha hc bn vo trn a phing ng ca ta, mi ngi phi nhanh chng dng kh ti phing ha (ng dng hoc ch sn)  phing trnh. - Sau mi t bn ph ca ch, mi ngi phi nhanh chng ra v tr chin u  sa sang li cng s trn a, vt cn, b sung nhim v ng thi sn sng chin u. - Trc ban quan st ca tiu i. Khi ch bn ph chun b, phi bnh t)nh quan st pht hin ch, kp thi x tr cc tnh hung, bo co cp trn. Khi cn thit c th dng ha lc tiu dit tn ch tp ch n gn. 2. Hnh ng ca tng ngi khi ch tin cng. - Cn c vo cch nh  chn v tnh hnh c th v ch, ta  tranh th thi c lc pho ch chuyn ln, khi bom n cha tan; nhanh chng, b mt chim l)nh v tr chin u, ch ch n gn nm trong tm bn hiu qu ca sng b binh, khu vc tp trung dit ch, hoc ca m bt ng dng ha lc tiu dit ch trc trn a phing ng. - Tp trung tiu dit nhng mc tiu gn, nhng tn quan trng, nguy hi trc (nhng tn ch huy, tn mang in i v cc ha im quan trng ca ch. ) ri sau  mi tiu dit nhng tn cin li. - Qu trnh nh ch, phi lun quan st nm chc din bin v ch, kho nghi binh la ch, linh hot, ch ng. Kin quyt ngn chn, tiu hao, tiu dit ch khng cho chng bm vo trn a phing ng ca ta, gi vng trn a. - Trng hp ch t ph chim c mt phn trn a: + Phi da vo cng s kin quyt bm tr gi vng trn a, dng vi kh nh gn tiu dit ch, ngn chn khng cho ch pht trin, kp thi bo co cp trn xin lc lng tng cng  khi phc trn a. + Khi c lnh tham gia phn kch khi phc trn a phing ng ca bn, ngi chin s phi nm chc nhim v, nh ca cp trn, hip ng cht ch vi bn xung phong bn gm, bn gn, m l, nh bng tiu dit ch t nhp khi phc trn a b mt + Khi  ginh li c trn a phing ng, phi nhanh chng cng c, sa sang li cng s trn a, gii quyt thng binh t s) (nu c), b sung sng n tng hp tnh hnh bo co ln cp trn v sn sng chin u nh nhng t tin cng tip theo ca ch. V. HNH NG CA TNG NGI SAU MI LN NH BI CH TIN CNG. - Sau mi ln nh lui qun ch, phi nhanh chng phn on d kin nhng t tin cng tip theo ca ch  b sung vo cch nh cho ph hp. - Khi ch rt chy phi cn c vo nh, mnh lnh ca trn, tnh hnh ch c th  tch cc ch ng s dng ho lc phi hp vi ng i truy kch tiu dit ch trong tm bn hiu qu. - Cng vi ng i gii quyt thng binh, t s) nu c, tng hp tnh hnh bo co cp trn, b sung vi khi, n dc v sn sng chin u. - Sn sng ra bt t binh, thu chin li phm, khi c lnh ca cp trn hoc khi thi c c li. CU HI N 1/ Nhim v, yu cu chin thut tng ngi trong chin u tin cng ? 5/ Ni dung hiu r nhim v tng ngi trong chin u phing ng ?     PAGE  PAGE 11 Trng tm u n Lc ht ca Tri t ng phng Mt phng ngang Lc cn ca khng khi ng n Gc ri Gc phng Hnh 1: Hnh dng ng n ng ngm c bn Khe ngm u ngm ng ngm c bn im ngm ng 100 m 1,96 m 0,75 Bia s 4 cm c nh Nm bn c b t Tuyn bn KP NG KP NHM 1. V kp 2. ng cha thuc gy n 3. Vnh mt ngng 4. Thuc gy n T-n-rt 5. Thuc Aztua ch 6. Thuc Fuyminat thu ngn 7 . Thuc n mnh 4 3 2 1 1. 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